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Encrypted Communication With Dolphins Discovered

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Encrypted Communication With Dolphins Discovered

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Encrypted Communication with Dolphins | Nature Tech

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“Yesterday I learned the breathing of whales is as crucial to our own breathing and the carbon cycle of the planet as are the forests of the world”.(Chap. 2,Page 7, Gumbs)

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There are a few types of atoms that can be a part of a plant one day, an animal the next day, and then travel downstream as a part of a river's water the following day. These atoms can be a part of both living things like plants and animals, as well as non-living things like water, air, and even rocks. The same atoms are recycled over and over in different parts of the Earth. This type of cycle of atoms between living and non-living things is known as a biogeochemical cycle.

All of the atoms that are building blocks of living things are a part of biogeochemical cycles. The most common of these are the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

Tiny atoms of carbon and nitrogen are able to move around the planet through these cycles. For example, an atom of carbon is absorbed from the air into the ocean water where it is used by little floating plankton doing photosynthesis to get the nutrition they need. There is the possibility that this little carbon atom becomes part of the plankton's skeleton, or a part of the skeleton of the larger animal that eats it, and then part of a sedimentary rock when the living things die and only bones are left behind. Carbon that is a part of rocks and fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas may be held away from the rest of the carbon cycle for a long time. These long-term storage places are called "sinks". When fossil fuels are burned, carbon that had been underground is sent into the air as carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

Recently, people have been causing these biogeochemical cycles to change. When we cut down forests, make more factories, and drive more cars that burn fossil fuels, the way that carbon and nitrogen move around the Earth changes. These changes add more greenhouse gases in our atmosphere and this causes climate change.

The Carbon Cycle

The element carbon is a part of seawater, the atmosphere, rocks such as limestone and coal, soils, as well as all living things. On our dynamic planet, carbon is able to move from one of these realms to another as a part of the carbon cycle.

Carbon moves from the atmosphere to plants. In the atmosphere, carbon is attached to oxygen in a gas called carbon dioxide (CO₂). Through the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is pulled from the air to produce food made from carbon for plant growth.

Carbon moves from plants to animals. Through food chains, the carbon that is in plants moves to the animals that eat them. Animals that eat other animals get the carbon from their food too.

Carbon moves from plants and animals to soils. When plants and animals die, their bodies, wood and leaves decays bringing the carbon into the ground. Some is buried and will become fossil fuels in millions and millions of years.

Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere. Each time you exhale, you are releasing carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) into the atmosphere. Animals and plants need to get rid of carbon dioxide gas through a process called respiration.

Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the atmosphere when fuels are burned. When humans burn fossil fuels to power factories, power plants, cars and trucks, most of the carbon quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas. Each year, five and a half billion tons of carbon is released by burning fossil fuels. Of this massive amount, 3.3 billion tons stays in the atmosphere. Most of the remainder becomes dissolved in seawater.

Carbon moves from the atmosphere to the oceans. The oceans, and other bodies of water, absorb some carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon is dissolved into the water.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and traps heat in the atmosphere. Without it and other greenhouse gases, Earth would be a frozen world. But since the start of the Industrial Revolution about 150 years ago humans have burned so much fuel and released so much carbon dioxide into the air that global climate has risen over one degree Fahrenheit. The atmosphere has not held this much carbon for at least 420,000 years according to data from ice cores. The recent increase in amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide is having a significant impact on the warming of our planet.

Carbon moves through our planet over longer time scales as well. For example, over millions of years weathering of rocks on land can add carbon to surface water which eventually runs off to the ocean. Over long time scales, carbon is removed from seawater when the shells and bones of marine animals and plankton collect on the sea floor. These shells and bones are made of limestone, which contains carbon. When they are deposited on the sea floor, carbon is stored from the rest of the carbon cycle for some amount of time. The amount of limestone deposited in the ocean depends somewhat on the amount of warm, tropical, shallow oceans on the planet because this is where prolific limestone-producing organisms such as corals live. The carbon can be released back to the atmosphere if the limestone melts or is metamorphosed in a subduction zone.

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen is an element that is found in both the living portion of our planet and the inorganic parts of the Earth system. Nitrogen moves slowly through the cycle and is stored in reservoirs such as the atmosphere, living organisms, soils, and oceans along the way.

Most of the nitrogen on Earth is in the atmosphere. Approximately 80% of the molecules in Earth's atmosphere are made of two nitrogen atoms bonded together (N ₂). All plants and animals need nitrogen to make amino acids, proteins and DNA, but the nitrogen in the atmosphere is not in a form that they can use. The molecules of nitrogen in the atmosphere can become usable for living things when they are broken apart during lightning strikes or fires, by certain types of bacteria, or by bacteria associated with legume plants. Other plants get the nitrogen they need from the soils or water in which they live mostly in the form of inorganic nitrate (NO ₃-). Nitrogen is a limiting factor for plant growth. Animals get the nitrogen they need by consuming plants or other animals that contain organic molecules composed partially of nitrogen. When organisms die, their bodies decompose bringing the nitrogen into soil on land or into the oceans. As dead plants and animals decompose, nitrogen is converted into inorganic forms such as ammonium salts (NH ₄+) by a process called mineralization. The ammonium salts are absorbed onto clay in the soil and then chemically altered by bacteria into nitrite (NO ₂-) and then nitrate (NO ₃-). Nitrate is the form commonly used by plants. It is easily dissolved in water and leached from the soil system. Dissolved nitrate can be returned to the atmosphere by certain bacteria through a process called denitrification.

Certain actions of humans are causing changes to the nitrogen cycle and the amount of nitrogen that is stored in reservoirs. The use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers can cause nutrient loading in nearby waterways as nitrates from the fertilizer wash into streams and ponds. The increased nitrate levels cause plants to grow rapidly until they use up the nitrate supply and die. The number of herbivores will increase when the plant supply increases and then the herbivores are left without a food source when the plants die. In this way, changes in nutrient supply will affect the entire food chain. Additionally, humans are altering the nitrogen cycle by burning fossil fuels and forests, which releases various solid forms of nitrogen. Farming also affects the nitrogen cycle. The waste associated with livestock farming releases a large amount of nitrogen into soil and water. In the same way, sewage waste adds nitrogen to soils and water.

Nitrogen and Air Pollution

Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂) are together known as nitrogen oxides. These nitrogen oxides contribute to the problem of air pollution, playing roles in the formation of both smog and acid rain. They are released into Earth's atmosphere by both natural and human-generated sources.

Nitric oxide is a colorless, flammable gas with a slight odor. Nitrogen dioxide is a deep red-orange gas that is poisonous but not flammable. It, along with aerosols, is responsible for the reddish-brown color of smog. At high concentrations, it is highly toxic and can cause serious lung damage. Nitrogen dioxide is a strong oxidizing agent, and is thus very reactive with other compounds.

Scientists estimate that between 20 and 90 million tons of nitrogen oxides in produced naturally each year from sources such as volcanoes, oceans, biological decay, and lightning strikes. Human activities add another 24 million tons of nitrogen oxides to our atmosphere annually.

Both NO and NO ₂ are formed during high-temperature combustion in the atmosphere, when oxygen combines with nitrogen. The exhaust gases of cars and trucks are major sources of nitrogen oxides, as are the emissions from electrical power generation plants. Automobile exhaust has more NO than NO ₂, but once the NO is released into the atmosphere it quickly combines with oxygen in the air to form NO ₂.

Nitrogen oxides are at least partially responsible for several types of air pollution. Nitrogen dioxide lends its color to the reddish-brown haze we call smog. Photodissociation of nitrogen dioxide by sunlight produces nitric oxide and ozone in the troposphere, which is another component of smog. A series of chemical reactions transform Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) into substances that combine with nitrogen dioxide to produce PAN (Peroxyacytyl nitrate), yet another element in smog. Nitrogen dioxide in the air also reacts with water vapor to form nitric acid, one of the types of acid in acid rain. Nitric oxide concentration in unpolluted air is around 0.01 ppm. In smog, the concentration rises twenty-fold to about 0.2 ppm.

Although nitrogen oxides have gained dubious distinction as pollutants, they are also used beneficially in some industrial processes. Nitric oxide is manufactured on a large scale, and is subsequently used to make nitric acid (HNO ₃). To create nitric oxide for industrial uses, chemists combine ammonia (NH ₃) with oxygen (O ₂), releasing water (H ₂ O) as a byproduct. Nitrogen compounds derived from nitric acid are used to create chemical fertilizers, explosives, and other useful substances.

© 2011 NESTA with modifications by UCAR

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All of the atoms that are building blocks of living things are a part of biogeochemical cycles. The most common of these are the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

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Are African Americans great singers from the result of Captivity?

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Are African Americans great singers from the result of Captivity?

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Only Black People Sing with Soul | Is It True? | All Def Comedy

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The multiple effects of practice: skill, habit and reduced cognitive load

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Practice leads to improved skill, habitual behavior and reduced cognitive load. * Collectively, these phenomena are commonly referred to as 'automaticity'. * Automaticity may be a consequence of caching the outcome of frequent computations. * More complex tasks can involve intermediate computations which may be cached.

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“Legally and narratively, our society encourages small, isolated family units and an anti social state reluctant to care”.(Chap.5, Page 2, Gumbs)

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COVID-19 took a toll on our relationships. Understanding why might help us come back together.

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Identity SHORT FILM (Award Winning Inspirational Short)

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"Alexis De Veaux teaches of reflection and Black Feminist solidarity".(Chap. 7, Page. 3, Gumbs)

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Alexis De Veaux was born and raised in Harlem, the product of two merging streams of black history in New York City –immigrants from the Caribbean on her mother’s side and migrants from North Carolina on her father’s side –who settled in Harlem in the early decades of the Twentieth Century. The se…

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This Is Why Orcas Are Called Killer Whales

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Own your mistakes | Cristel Carrisi | TEDxZagreb

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“Freedom is a basic need and a divine imperative”(Chap. 10, Page 1, Gumbs)

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What's freedom, and why is it so important? In short, freedom is the ability to make decisions for ourselves. We're free to think and speak our minds, to choose our own path in life, and to associate with anyone we want. This allows us to be individual and create our own unique life. That's why freedom is such a basic human right - without it, we couldn't truly be ourselves. And that would be a pretty bleak world indeed.

Benefits Of Freedom

Freedom is one of the most important things in the world. It makes us human and is something we should all value as human beings.

If you're wondering why freedom is so important, here are some of the benefits that come with freedom:

You have a natural basic right to be who you want

Freedom is important for a long, happy life

Freedom allows you to make your own choices

Freedom gives you the right to free expression

You have a right to be free from discrimination

Freedom Is About Trust

Free will is the ability to act intuitively, or in other words, to act without external compulsion. People are free when they can develop in the way that's best for them.

Why is this so important?
Well, it's actually quite simple: it's necessary in order to trust. Trust is a key element of leadership and life in general.
For example, you need your team's trust if you want them to believe in you as a leader and, more importantly if you want them to strive toward the goals you set for yourself and the company as a whole. You can best build your employees' trust by giving them freedom (as long as it's handled well).

The same is true for yourself: To trust yourself, you need freedom. Freedom allows us to try new things and make mistakes so we can learn and grow from our experiences.

We Are Free To Follow Our Own Path

We're free to make our own choices and go our own way in life. It's this freedom to choose that makes us who we're today.
Each human being has a uniquely personal path, and it's our personal responsibility to follow it. It's up to you to decide what you want to do, what you want to be, where you want to go, and how you want to live your life.
The most important thing is that YOU make these decisions yourself; they shouldn't be made by someone else! You have the freedom of choice!

You have the freedom of choice because we all have different interests and desires; therefore, no one can tell another person what to do with their life or how to live it! In order for society as a whole to not only survive but thrive, it needs a diversity of views and opinions on issues such as religion, politics, economics, etc.

So don't let anyone pressure you. Remember also that just because someone has a different worldview than you doesn't mean theirs isn't valid!

Freedom Is Important For Happiness

Freedom is important for our happiness because it allows us to make choices that make us happy and gives us the opportunity to make mistakes and learn from them.

So our happiness depends on how we feel about the choices we've made and continue to make in life.
Freedom allows people to make choices that they're proud of. This makes them happier because they know that they've earned their happiness through their own free will. For some people the most important thing will be economic freedom, for others, free speech will matter more.
Everyone wants to be proud of the choices they've made in life. It's an encouraging feeling when you realize that you're exactly where you want to be in life because of the choices you made for yourself along the way.

The Things That Give a Sense of Self Worth and Freedom

The close friends around you, the job you enjoy doing every day, the promotions or awards at work - all these things give you a sense of self-worth and pride because you achieved them with your own hands.

These feelings cannot be reproduced if you live a controlled lifestyle where almost everything is dictated by others. This leaves no room for personal growth or choices, which can lead to dissatisfaction because there will always be something missing in life if you never had the chance to create it yourself.
Moreover, freedom not only gives people the opportunity to make choices but also to make mistakes. We need them to grow into mature adults who can successfully navigate difficult situations with their newly acquired knowledge and experience from past mistakes.
Without mistakes, we'd never learn from our mistakes and therefore do nothing to correct them. This means that what's been done wrong will continue until either someone else steps in or until it self-destructs (e.g., a business model) because of its incessant mistakes.

The bottom line is that freedom helps make us happier because it allows us to make choices that make us happy.

Social And Non-Social Freedom

In the social or collective sense, freedom means that a person is free to participate in building and shaping his or her own world. This can include political, religious, professional, artistic, and all other kinds of groups, organizations, and institutions.
Freedom in this context is synonymous with individual freedom:

The power to decide whether or not to belong.

The power to be oneself without fear of exclusion.

The power to express oneself as one sees fit.

The power to pursue happiness on your own terms when others have the same opportunities.

Freedoms We Take For Granted

From a purely personal perspective, there are a number of freedoms that we often take for granted. You have the freedom to choose where you live, what you eat, and who your friends are. You also have the freedom to be yourself and express yourself as you see fit.

You can pursue your passions in life and be independent of others.

You can do whatever you want on any given day or evening, within reason of course. You can get up early or sleep in; make breakfast or skip it; exercise or do nothing at all; go out with friends or stay home alone and watch TV; be serious or act silly - all without bowing to the demands of others. This kind of social freedom helps people feel authentic in their own lives.
The freedom to create also falls into the category of non-social freedoms because it doesn't usually require the participation of other people.
Generally, it's an individual activity that most people believe has value beyond money because it promotes self-actualization and makes a positive contribution to society.

Freedom Is An Integrity Issue

As the saying goes, "freedom isn't free."
Nowhere is this more evident than in the human spirit. Each of us has a deep desire to be who or what he or she uniquely is. This is our birthright and should never be compromised by others - or ourselves.
It's one thing to have a right to freedom; it's quite another to realize that freedom comes with responsibility: the responsibility to know and honor our own individuality without regard to what other people say or do.

Related: How Do Freedom and Responsibility Go Side by Side.

Freedom Begins at Home

This pursuit of freedom begins at home, where we're taught how to think about ourselves and others - and how to behave if we want to continue to receive love and acceptance from those closest to us.
As children, we learn early on that safety requires obedience - which can only mean giving up personal power and bending to the will of someone else (usually an authority figure). In this way, we can be conditioned from an early age to believe that freedom means doing what makes other people happy and avoiding anything that makes them unhappy.
We grow up learning to live within certain boundaries that are acceptable - and then spend our lives trying not to fit within those boundaries as adults!

Why Is The Right To Freedom Important?

The right to liberty is important because it allows us to have power over our own lives and to strive for a better life. It's one of the basic rights that we all deserve as human beings, regardless of where we live or what our circumstances are.

Political freedom is a basic constitutional right in the United States, for example. Although there are many countries in the world where citizens don't have the same freedoms that people have in the United States, the US government was founded on the idea of individual freedom and freedom of expression.
People like Martin Luther King Jr, Susan B. Anthony, and Malcolm X in the African American community were all champions of freedom and civil rights who worked tirelessly to ensure that more people in American society had access to freedom and civil liberties.
The right to peaceful protest, peaceful assembly, and public debate are very important parts of any democracy and essential to any democratic society.

Freedom in Nation-States

Freedom is an essential part of America's identity as a nation. Throughout history, Americans and the citizens of other nations with a similar belief in freedom have fought for this fundamental right. It is formally enshrined in the United States Constitution.
In the United Kingdom, although there is no written constitution, free society is based on case law as established in the courts and a system of government and society that had its origins in the Magna Carta of 1215.
Press freedom is one of the most important hallmarks of progressive and free nations because it enables the citizenry of a nation to hold those governing them accountable to fundamental values of freedom and good governance.

Freedom Allows Us To Make Mistakes And Learn From Them

In an ideal world, we'd all make exactly the same mistake at exactly the same time, so there would be no danger of suffering from severe déjà vu!

But in the real world, many of us disagree about what counts as a mistake and what counts as learning from our mistakes. Some people believe that you shouldn't make mistakes. They tell you to avoid mistakes because they "only lead to trouble." Those who're more safety-conscious may think it's best to avoid mistakes because they can put you in harm's way and hurt you, which will likely result in emotional and financial damage as well.
Others think that we shouldn't be afraid to make mistakes if we believe it'll help us learn new things and become better people.
Most people probably think somewhere between these two extremes - that there's nothing wrong with making a few mistakes here and there, but that we're also not doing ourselves much harm by not learning from them.

It's very important that we have the fundamental freedom to make mistakes and learn from them without fear of being punished for them or called before an angry mob demanding answers or even death from them. This principle applies equally in professional as in personal life.

Personal Freedom Means Being Who You Want To Be

True freedom is the right to do what you want with your life, liberty, and property. However, most of us have no idea how to use our freedoms in a way that works for us.
Instead, we sometimes allow ourselves to be controlled by people who are not interested in helping us grow as individuals.

Freedom means being able to do what you want to do, not what other people tell you that you must do. It also means taking responsibility for your actions and not blaming others for things that are out of your control.

Freedom is important because it allows us to live a life without fear or oppression from those who would seek our enslavement through force or coercion.

Freedom allows us the opportunity to pursue happiness while ensuring our rights are protected at all times; this includes things like religious freedom and speech rights as well as many others that have been granted under law throughout history (such as voting rights).

Human Freedom Is A Right Not A Privilege, We All Deserve It

Freedom is a right, not a privilege. It's the most important human right because if you take away someone's ability to determine their own actions, or if you take away their autonomy, you fundamentally change what it means to be human.
The human rights associated with freedom are:

You have the right to freedom.

You deserve the right to freedom because it's necessary for your mental health and well-being.

You deserve the right to freedom because it's an inalienable part of being human: we're creatures capable of making our own choices and shaping our own lives through rational action.

You also have a right to freedom because everyone deserves the same basic human dignity.

Everyone deserves the right to be free from oppression, slavery, and repression. No one should be made a slave or forced into slavery or poverty against his or her will by a person or group that's more powerful than he or she; that's why there are laws against everything from kidnapping to enslavement on every continent.
In short, freedom is important to all of us, as individuals, as societies, and as nations.

As individuals, you have the freedom to choose your own friends and pursue your own educational goals.

As a society, we have the freedom to enact laws that protect our personal rights and freedoms.

As a nation, we enjoy the freedom of an independent government that allows us to make our own foreign policy decisions.

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Why Freedom Is Important (Fully Explained) - brilliantio

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What's freedom, and why is it so important? In short, freedom is the ability to make decisions for ourselves. We're free to think and speak our minds, to choose our own path in life, and to associate with anyone we want. This allows us to be individual and create our own unique life.

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Why do we care about hair | Naomi Abigail | TEDxBaDinh

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“The actual suffering and endangerment of marine animals on the planet right now is caused by the extractive, destructive processes and consequences of capitalism”(Chap. 12, Page 1, Gumbs).

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From September 20 to 27, there will be a week of action called by the Global Climate Strike. The call has been supported by movements such as Fridays for Future and Extinction Rebellion, as well as hundreds of environmental groups and ecologists around the world. The organizers are demanding that governments declare a climate emergency and adopt urgent measures to halt the environmental crisis. Faced with the urgency of the climate crisis, we need to develop a strategy that attacks the cause of the eco-social catastrophe that threatens us all: the capitalist system

Capitalism and the Global Environmental Crisis

Capitalism has prospered for centuries by exploiting nature, either as an "inexhaustible" supply of resources to produce commodities, or as a waste dump. But the earth's ability to endure the destructive processes of capital is reaching its limit.

Capital's need for constant growth has led to the interruption of a complex natural cycle that took millions of years to develop. This has created a rift in the "metabolism" (to borrow Marx's term) between society and nature.

Climate change and the crises of the biological cycles of carbon, water, phosphorus and nitrogen; the acidification of the oceans; the accelerated loss of biodiversity; the changes in the quality of soil and chemical pollution by industry-these are some of the terrible expressions of a completely unprecedented situation for humanity, namely the tendency toward the destruction of our natural conditions for production and reproduction. This destructive tendency is directly related to the social and material deprivation of hundreds of millions of people who suffer misery, unemployment and precarious employment, which capitalism needs to ensure its profitability and reproduction.

The barbarism represented by the recent fires in the Amazon-which were the product of incentives for deforestation (and which were intensified by Brazil's right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro), the relaxation of environmental laws and the direct action of large landowners and ranchers who started the fires-is just another episode in the continual process of environmental degradation and destruction. The phenomenon of uncontrolled forest fires is growing more frequent, as shown by the fires ravaging Siberia and sub-Saharan Africa (which are more numerous, though less destructive than those in the Amazon), as well as the fires in California last autumn and in many regions of Europe. Climate change and the thirst for profit are intensifying them.

Climate Change, an Undeniable Reality

There is a broad scientific consensus that climate change is related to the dizzying increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as a result of human activity. But the problem is not human activity in general. The problem is the activities carried out within a capitalist mode of production. Since 1880, the average temperature on the earth's surface has risen by almost 1 degree Celsius, according to different investigative bodies. An increase in the global average temperature began during the Industrial Revolution and has accelerated in the neoliberal era.

Projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that the average global surface temperature could increase by 2 to 5 degrees Celsius (3.6 and 9 degrees Fahrenheit) in the coming decades. Ocean levels could rise by 18 to 59 centimeters (7 to 23 inches). The IPCC warns that past and future emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) will continue to contribute to warming for more than a millennium. At the same time, CO2 particles in the atmosphere recently exceeded 400 parts for million (ppm), and may even reach 500 ppm in the coming decades, levels never seen in human history.

According to the latest report by this UN agency (whose estimates are usually very conservative compared to other studies), emissions of greenhouse gases would have to be reduced by 45% by the year 2030-in less than 11 years-in order to avoid hitting the critical threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming. Above this level, there will be a generalized increase in ocean levels, extreme weather events and food shortages. The need for drastic measures against climate change is undeniable.

For many people, these estimates may seem abstract. But they become concrete when their real consequences are felt, in the form of the stronger climate-related catastrophic phenomena, with increased duration and frequency. Uncontrollable fires sweeping through entire cities around the globe (which is also associated with the spread of invasive species and forest management practices devoted to monoculture for profit), extreme heat waves, massive floods or catastrophic droughts. According to the UN, there are currently more than 20 million climate refugees. If the global temperature rises to more than 2 degrees, it is estimated that this number will grow to 280 million. Air pollution caused by vehicles (gases and particles) and industrial production in large cities kills 9 million people a year-800,000 in Europe alone.

Global warming is one of the most devastating expressions of the destructive nature of the capitalist system toward the environment. But it is not the only one. Capitalism also leads to the pollution of our air and water, soil degradation, deforestation, and the destruction of biodiversity. According to one study, the size of vertebrate populations has decreased by an average of 60 percent between 1970 and 2014. This trend will accelerate if the ecological crisis is not halted, and could produce a mass extinction of the planet's biodiversity. The entire planet has been transformed into a giant garbage dump for the household, industrial and agricultural waste generated by capitalist production, distribution and consumption patterns.

Climate Denialism and "Green Capitalism": Two Sides of the Same Coin

Faced with the catastrophic scenario that global warming entails, the powers of international capitalism waver between two strategies: On the one hand, there is a campaign to deny scientific evidence as a supposed ideology; on the other, there is a strategy to promote "green" or "sustainable" capitalism. Green capitalism defends farcical international agreements and proposes partial and limited changes to productive systems, while strengthening the model of capitalist accumulation and exploitation.

Among the climate denialists are Trump, the Republican Party and the Tea Party in the United States, Bolsonaro in Brazil, and a small minority of scientists. But its driving force is the multinational corporations that bear the greatest responsibility for emitting greenhouse gases that cause climate change. Yet while they are sponsoring climate denial campaigns, these large capitalist corporations are completely aware of the consequences of climate change and its socio-political effects, and they are preparing to respond to its implications in the fields of security and foreign policy. The most concentrated sectors of capital are proposing militarization as an instrument to adapt to climate change: more private armies and security forces that will eventually be able to defend the islands of prosperity in oceans of misery and decay.

On the other side is green capitalism, promoted by the U.S. Democratic Party, political leaders of the main European countries including Angela Merkel, Emmanuel Macron and Pedro Sánchez, and various green parties. This list includes many booming capitalist corporations, international organizations and even environmental NGOs. This is an exercise in synergy between neoliberalism and the "green economy." They speak out against global warming and agree, in expensive climate summits, on environmental measures and big targets for emission reduction. In all cases, these have been nothing more than diplomatic documents without practical implications.

At the same time, they talk about fixing the environment. This would include limiting the production of toxic substances and the destruction of natural resources, while simultaneously developing new "gentle" technologies. They argue that this would be a new source of economic growth, since the capitalist corporations would extract hefty profits.

The Green Party in Germany, for example, proposes "saving the German economy" with measures for an ecological transition, while supporting the militarization of German imperialism (they called for intervention in the conflict with Iran under European leadership). This is a policy of "green imperialism" to solve the crisis of German capitalism.

One of the most recent measures of this kind, pushed forward by the Merkel government and the Green Party in Germany, but increasingly adopted by other governments and environmental groups, seeks to implement a tax on CO2 emissions. This would tax consumption of meat, gasoline and flights to finance the ecological transition of industry. This kind of tax would lead to a rise in prices and weaken the purchasing power of the working class, but it would not have a serious effect on emissions. In short, the neoliberal strategy of green capitalism ends up being a sort of light denialism.

Capitalism's very essence is the expansion of profit and accumulation at any cost, even if this includes the material destruction of the planet. As China and the United States, together with the European Union, are producing most of the greenhouse gases that are annihilating the troposphere, and the capitalists waver between denial and powerless summits to manage the environmental crisis, the rest of the world continues to suffer the effects of climate change.

That is why green capitalism is a pipe dream. It claims to effectively eliminate the causes of the global environmental catastrophe that threatens us and promote a sustainable development of humanity and the species that populate the planet. But it can do no such thing. The solution to the global climate crisis cannot emerge from the system that created it.

There are a large number of environmental groups and NGOs in this field, including the IUCN, WWF, and even Greenpeace, that work together with the evangelists of capitalist ecological efficiency: oil companies like Shell and Exxon, mining corporations like Barrick Gold and huge behemoths like Walmart, Cargill and Monsanto. In this way, they provide a "green" cover for the plunder of natural resources all over the planet.

Green Reformism and the Green New Deal

On the spectrum of the defenders of green capitalism, there is a reformist variant that has gained a lot of attention recently: the Green New Deal, which calls for a program with hints of neo-Keynesianism in order to face the crisis. In the United States, this policy is supported by some candidates in the primaries of the Democratic Party, including Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, and also by the self-styled democratic socialist Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. The GND is also appearing in speeches and programs by European social-liberal parties like the PSOE or neoreformist tendencies like Podemos.

According to Ocasio-Cortez, the GND would allow the U.S. to transition to 100% renewable energy within 10 years, while creating millions of jobs linked to the construction of an efficient electrical grid throughout the country based on renewable technology, among other measures. How? By subsidizing billion-dollar corporations, the ones responsible for the current ecological crisis, so they can develop infrastructure to get us out of it. For this, they are to receive massive subsidies from the state.

The idea behind this perspective is that if the governments of the central industrialized countries in the world and the big multinational corporations become aware of the situation, they will be able to adopt measures to preserve the environment. Both the Green New Deal and similar proposals (like the UN Agenda 2020), which are reference points for many "progressive" forces around the planet, are based on the idea that "sustainable capitalism" is possible and that the corporations that created the crisis can become the saviors of the planet. But the illusion that the contradictions between capitalist interests and environmental preservation-affecting the lives of hundreds of millions of people-can be resolved is utopian and reactionary.

The capitalist mode of production is in total contradiction with nature and its processes of development. For capital, the determining factor in this process is merely quantitative. Fierce competition forces each capitalist to constantly seek ways to replace workers with machines that increase the productivity of labor and the mass of goods thrown onto the market. This increases the amount of natural resources needed to produce them. The constant repetition of production and reproduction of capital ruthlessly eats up all resources, without taking into account the time required for their natural production and regeneration.

The cause of this type of environmentally destructive development, rather than capitalist irrationality, is its inherent logic. It is the logical result of an economic system whose engine is the capitalists' thirst for profit.

The Youth Climate Rebellion: Its Potential and Its Limits

On August 20, 2018, the young Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg stood in front of the Swedish parliament with a banner that read: "School Strike for Climate." This action inspired the movement "Fridays for Future" in European cities. Students skip classes and demonstrate against the global environmental crisis under the slogan "There Is No Planet B." This has gained more and more supporters, mobilizing hundreds of thousands in hundreds of cities across the continent.

Other ecological movements have also developed, including "Ende Gelände" in Germany and "Extinction Rebellion" in the United Kingdom. They have similar demands but different methods of struggle.

The first global climate strike was called for March 15. Hundreds of thousands of young people took to the streets in different cities around the world as part of a student strike against climate change. In Madrid, Berlin, Paris, Vienna, Rome and other cities in Europe and the world, the demonstrations were massive. On May 24, there was a new global call for a student strike, which mobilized millions. A new Global Climate Strike will take place on September 20 and 27, with calls for the citizenry and other social organizations to join.

The organizers are demanding that governments declare a climate emergency and adopt urgent measures to stop an environmental crisis that "is the result of a model of production and consumption that has proven to be inadequate for satisfying the needs of many people, that puts our survival at risk, and unfairly impacts the poorest and most vulnerable people in the world."

These measures include reducing net greenhouse emissions to zero and preventing global temperatures from rising above 1.5 degrees Celsius. To this end, they propose actions aimed at abandoning fossil fuels and substituting them with renewable energies, actions such as blocking the construction of new fossil fuel infrastructure, implementing a nonnuclear energy model and the reorganizing the production system.

These movements also point out the relationship between growing social inequality and the degradation of the environment. They propose that the transition to an "eco-sustainable model" has to take into account the inequalities produced according to social class, sex, national origin, etc. In the framework of this transition, they call for different areas of production, including energy, transport and food, to be democratized and put under the control of citizen bodies.

The fact that young people are mobilizing against the barbarity of environmental destruction is enormously promising. In addition, the use of strikes to make their demands heard, and the call on all organizations of civil society to join, is an innovation that has not been done before. This gives more strength to the movement.

Faced with the "infernal powers" that capitalism has created, and whose consequences now seem inevitable, the young activists of Fridays for Future and similar movements are increasingly aware of this reality. Although often in an abstract or indirect way, they name the capitalist system as the cause of the current crisis.

They still lack, however, a defined program and strategy to overcome it. Their perspective is limited to denunciation. They demand that capitalist politicians take urgent measures, or they have embraced the proposals of the so-called green parties, but without proposals to move against the interests (and property) of those who bear the greatest responsibility for the current situation: the big multinational corporations.

Nor do they position themselves against "green" measures that threaten the majority of the working class and the poor masses, such as consumption taxes. On the contrary, in many countries the movement is demanding the implementation of even higher taxes on CO2 emissions than the capitalist parties are proposing. This would raise the prices of consumer goods for the majority of the population. In order for the youth to win the working class for the fight against climate change, they need a program that clearly states that it is the capitalists, and not the working masses, who must pay for the crisis.

In broad sectors of the movement, the dominant logic is that the key to solving the ecological crisis is changes in individual consumption, focusing their attention on "irresponsible consumption." Obviously, capitalist production, which generates consumption cycles that span the globe, molds "consumers." In this way, individual human behavior contributes to the ecological crisis, and it is desirable to encourage new forms of consumption by creating environmental consciousness.

Yet changing individual behavior often has only a negligible effect on capitalism's environmental consequences. Its effect is, moreover, highly unequal. An Oxfam report from 2015 showed that the richest 10% of the planet causes half of CO2 emissions, while the poorest 50% (3.5 billion people) is responsible for only 10%.

The logic of focusing the environmental movement on changes in individual behavior implies two strategic problems. First, it encourages an individualist conception, blurring or directly obscuring the "center of gravity" that needs to be attacked, namely imperialist capitalism, the big corporations and the capitalist states. Second, it strengthens the reactionary argument that "the people are responsible for the crisis," which leads to measures that force the working class and the poorest sectors of society to pay for the environmental crisis. This argument preserves the system and benefits the capitalists, and it prevents the one social force that could confront capitalism from joining the struggle.

One of the lessons provided by the Yellow Vest movement in France-an immense social movement triggered by an increase in the gasoline tax-is that the "ecological transition" cannot fall on the shoulders of the working class and poor masses. In the context of the ecological crisis, the central problem is not the "division" between those who pollute and those who do not, but rather between the social majority that is already paying the costs of the crisis and the capitalists that caused it.

The only way to confront the global environmental crisis caused by capitalism is for the majority of the population to join the struggle, with the working class at the forefront. This is because the contradiction between capital and labor is not just one of capitalism's many contradictions; it is the contradiction that structures capitalism itself. If the relationship between society and nature is mediated by production, it is only by revolutionizing production that the metabolism with nature can be rationally regulated. That is why the working class, which is the only authentically productive class in society, can knit together a social alliance that can pull the "emergency break" on the coming disaster.

There are important examples of unity between the environmental movement and sectors of the working class. That was the case with the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Ireland, where the Titanic was built. That shipyard was declared bankrupt, but the workers took over the plant demanding its nationalization in order to produce clean energy. There have also been calls by workers for the unions to call a climate strike, for example, in Portugal, Germany and Spain.

These initiatives are extremely important. In an intuitive yet correct way, they point to the "social subject" that can hegemonize the struggle for an alternative to environmental destruction: the working class.

The need for the working class to join this movement with its own demands and its own methods of struggle (strikes, blockades and pickets) is vital for developing the movement. It is necessary to help break down the prejudices that exist in wide sectors of the working class about the environmental movement-prejudices often justified by policies supposedly in "defense of the environment" that attack the working class, equating it with the polluting bosses and worsening its living conditions.

Above all, it is necessary to confront the reactionary role played by the majority of the bureaucratized trade unions. Especially in the sectors of heavy industry and energy, the union bureaucracies act as the capitalists' best partners. Many times they oppose any measures for ecological transition, however superficial they may be, under the slogan of "saving jobs." What they are really saving is the capitalists' profits, tying the destiny of the working class to the success of the bosses.

Facing the Climate Strike, the unions in Europe and the United States mostly oppose it-or in some cases, such as in Germany, they support it demagogically while refusing to organize any actions that would supposedly be "illegal." That is why, alongside the broadest self-organization of the youth, it is necessary to denounce the reactionary positions of the bureaucratic unions, which for decades have ignored or played down ecological problems. We must demand that they call a strike and put their organizations in the service of the struggle against the capitalists responsible for the looming catastrophe that threatens us all.

The declaration in Germany by a group of rank-and-file trade union activists called ver.di aktiv (which is supported by RIO, the Revolutionary Internationalist Organization) has received more than 500 signatures from trade unionists across the country and from different sectors. It demands that the large trade unions call for a strike. This is a small but significant expression of that policy.

An Anti-Capitalist Transitional Program to Prevent a Catastrophe

Faced with capitalism's absolutely irrational perspective, the need for drastic and urgent measures is evident. But these cannot depend on the good will of the governments of the imperialist powers that are principally responsible for the current disaster. Nor can they depend on the new agendas promoted by big corporations and bourgeois parties in the name of "green capitalism."

The only solution to the catastrophe that threatens us is to take the present and the future into our hands by subjecting the world economy to a rational plan. Or, as Marx said, through "the introduction of reason into the sphere of economic relations." This will only be possible if the economy is in the hands of the only class that, as a result of its objective situation and material interests, has an interest in preventing a catastrophe: the working class.

We, the organizations that make up the Trotskyist Fraction-Fourth International, fight for this perspective within the workers' movement, among the youth and inside the environmental movement. Faced with the farce of climate summits and the promises of green capitalism, we must fight for a transitional program aimed at establishing a completely rational and ecological reorganization of production, distribution and consumption, with measures including the following:

The expropriation of the entire energy industry, under the democratic control of the workers, supervised by committees of consumers. In this way, the energy sector can advance toward a sustainable and diversified energy mix, prohibiting fracking (of gas and oil) and other extractive technologies, which would drastically reduce CO2 emissions by developing renewable energies with low environmental impact, in consultation with local communities. At the same time, abusive prices for electricity would be reduced.

The nationalization without compensation of all transport companies, under workers' control and with a perspective of technological reconversion. This should also include big automotive companies to achieve a massive reduction in automobile production and private transport, while developing public transport at all levels.

The struggle for safe working conditions at all factories and companies, free of toxins and pollutants, alongside the reduction of working hours and the distribution of all necessary hours among all available workers, without a reduction in pay. This should be part of a general plan for a rational and unified reorganization of production and distribution in the hands of the working class and its organizations.

The expropriation of big landowners and agrarian reform for small farmers and indigenous people. The expulsion of imperialist companies and the confiscation of their goods. The expropriation under workers' control of the entire (exporting) agribusiness complex. Monopoly of foreign trade and nationalization of the banks to finance the conversion and diversification of agricultural production along sustainable and democratic lines. Prohibition of glyphosate, progressive elimination of all pesticides and prohibition of marketing them, and investment in research in alternative methods, such as ecological agriculture, among others.

The establishment of well-financed funds for the conservation of biodiversity, including both species and the planet's great variety of ecosystems, with special emphasis on those most at risk. Regeneration of polluted areas (seas, rivers, lakes, forests and meadows) by imposing progressive taxes on big business.

The prohibition of polluting mountaintop removal mining, and the nationalization of traditional mining under workers' control. The development of an industry to recover minerals from electronic garbage and the implementation of "urban mining" by recycling scarce minerals from electronic devices. Expulsion of the imperialist mining companies and confiscation of their assets to repair the damages caused to local communities. Prohibition of the private appropriation of public goods, such as water.

Debt cancellation for all dependent and semicolonial countries, debt being a form of coercion to make these countries adopt (anti-environmental) neoliberal restructuring. The expropriation of all polluting companies in peripheral countries. Resolving the ecological crisis in those countries is unthinkable without completely breaking with imperialism.

Opening borders and closing migrant detention centers in the context of the migration crisis, which is a product of poverty and imperialist plunder, but also in many cases also of the climate crisis.

A radical policy that aims to avoid waste and recycle it. The existing facilities for filtering, purification, etc., are not enough. A fundamental shift in industry is needed to avoid pollution a priori and at the source. This also means ending planned obsolescence.

The lifting of business secrets (which allows, for example, the concealment of toxic emissions) and the obligation to keep public registers specifying the raw materials and products used in production.

This program, along with other measures of immediate necessity, is obviously impossible to achieve within the framework of capitalism. To implement it, we need a revolutionary strategy to decisively confront those responsible for the disaster. The youth who today take to the streets all over the world to fight for "climate justice" face the challenge radicalizing their program, of raising the only realistic perspective to stop the catastrophe: pushing the class struggle forward to end the capitalist system and to put the world economy into the hands of the working class.

Socialism or Barbarism: For a Revolutionary and Internationalist Strategy

Many scientists, environmentalists, international organizations and even large media outlets characterize the current moment as one of "civilizational crisis." According to this idea, we are past the point of no return and can hope only to adapt to the disaster. In the face of this catastrophe foretold, capitalist ideology sows fear, which underpins both security policies and supposed individual solutions under the leadership of capitalist governments and big business. It also denies a liberating perspective. From cinema and television we get a constant stream of dystopias: it is easier to imagine postnuclear worlds, alien invasions and even zombies than a society that rationally guarantees the survival of the planet and all its species.

Faced with the prospect of a catastrophe, the fundamental problem is whether the adaptation to climate change will be in the hands of capital or in the hands of the dispossessed majority of society. For this reason, the ecological crisis makes it necessary to fight for communism as the only perspective for the salvation of humanity and the planet. Communism means a society of free and associated producers in harmony with nature. In this struggle, the working class must position itself as the hegemonic subject, taking environmental demands not only as part of the struggle to improve their living conditions, but also to offer a progressive solution to the ecocide that capitalism is preparing.

This is the indispensable precondition for establishing a system based on solidarity, which rationally reestablishes the natural metabolism between humanity and nature, and which reorganizes production in a way that respects natural cycles without exhausting our resources. This would simultaneously end poverty and social inequality.

In the face of the environmental catastrophe that threatens us, the dilemma posed by Rosa Luxemburg-"socialism or barbarism"-acquires a renewed significance. On the eve of the imperialist carnage that began in 1914, the great Polish revolutionary warned that "if the proletariat fails to fulfill its tasks as a class, if it fails to realize socialism, we will all crash together into a catastrophe." For Luxemburg, socialism is not a destiny predetermined by history. The only "inevitable" thing was the collapse that capitalism was leading to, and the calamities that would accompany this process if the working class failed to prevent it.

In our century, the era or crises, wars and revolutions has reemerged, threatening the working class and the peoples of the world not only with war and misery, but also with environmental catastrophe and the potential destruction of the planet itself. A truly ecological project that confronts the environmental crisis to which capitalism is leading us can only be communist. The working class, allied with the poor masses, must be subjectively prepared to fight for this program as the vanguard of revolutionary struggle, breaking the resistance of the capitalists.

* * *

The Trotskyist Fraction-Fourth International (FT-CI) is an international revolutionary organization which publishes the La Izquierda Diario / Left Voice network of online newspapers in 12 countries and 8 languages. It is made up of:

ARGENTINA: Partido de los Trabajadores Socialistas (PTS) / BRAZIL: Movimento Revolucionário de Trabalhadores (MRT) / CHILE: Partido de Trabajadores Revolucionarios (PTR) / MEXICO: Movimiento de los Trabajadores Socialistas (MTS) / BOLIVIA: Liga Obrera Revolucionaria (LOR-CI) / SPANISH STATE: Corriente Revolucionaria de Trabajadoras y Trabajadores (CRT) / FRANCE: Courant Communiste Révolutionnaire (CCR) which is part of the NPA (Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste) / GERMANY: Revolutionäre Internationalistische Organisation (RIO) / UNITED STATES: comrades of Left Voice / VENEZUELA: Liga de Trabajadores por el Socialismo (LTS) / URUGUAY: Corriente de Trabajadores Socialistas (CTS) / Sympathizing organizations: ITALY: Frazione Internazionalista Rivoluzionaria (FIR) / PERU: Resistencia Sur / COSTA RICA: Organización Socialista
Translation: Nathaniel Flakin

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Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International

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Capitalism Is Destroying the Planet-Let's Destroy Capitalism! - Left Voice

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From September 20 to 27, there will be a week of action called by the Global Climate Strike. The call has been supported by movements such as Fridays for Future and Extinction Rebellion, as well as hundreds of environmental groups and ecologists around the world.

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Know who you are targeting before you target them.

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Know who you are targeting before you target them.

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In marketing, there's a saying: "If you're talking to everybody, you're not talking to anybody." In other words, if you don't know your target audience - or how to speak directly to them - your broad, generic messages are going to be overlooked, ignored, and forgotten.

The target audience problem most businesses have

Despite the importance of identifying and focusing on a target audience, many brands struggle with this concept. When asked to describe their target audience, they often answer in broad, vague terms. For example, a dentist might answer by saying:

"My target audience is everyone. Everyone has teeth, so they all could benefit from my dental services."

You can see why a dentist would say this. It's a logical answer, and it is in fact, true - people with teeth need dentists. Plus, the dentist probably wants to bring as many people into their practice as possible. It's not surprising that they would want to target a very large group of people who could benefit from their services. They want to fill their business with customers, so they attempt to keep their audience open and wide instead of narrowing it down.

This makes sense, but it's not a good marketing practice.

Focusing on an ambiguous, generalized audience won't make it easier to fill a business with customers. It actually has the opposite effect.

What happens when you don't know your target audience?

When you don't define a target audience - or don't know how to identify it - marketing your business is a challenge. Without a defined and specific audience, you will experience the following problems and situations.

You can't develop strong, authentic branding

Your brand is made up of colors, logos and slogans, but it's more than that. It's a combination of creative elements that are meant to inspire a feeling or emotion in an audience. Great branding draws in an ideal audience by using elements most likely to attract them.

You cannot create this type of powerful branding if you don't know who you want to engage in the first place.

If you create a brand before you identify your target audience, it will likely end up as uninspired or less attractive to your ideal customers.

Your marketing messages will be flat and uninspired

Just as your branding should be designed with your target audience in mind, your marketing messages should always also be created specifically for your ideal customers.

The language and selling points you present in your marketing materials should speak directly to your target audience.

If you don't know who that target audience is, you can't use the language or address the pain points that mean the most to them. Your email marketing, website content, and ad campaigns will all be less effective when you don't know your ideal audience.

You can't build lasting customer loyalty and affinity

People usually don't have a strong love for generic brands with no personality. More often, they love authentic brands that have character and a strong point-of-view. Customers prefer brands they can identify with and feel connected to.

Still working to define your brand's personality? Take this fun quiz to get started!

Great brands know this and tap into it to build customer loyalty. They leverage characteristics that resonate with their target audience to build brand affinity. If you don't know who your target audience is, it's much more difficult to build a brand that connects with customers in this way.

You attract customers that aren't a fit

Strong, authentic branding draws in ideal customers and clients. On the flipside, it also steers away people who aren't a fit.

While many businesses - especially new businesses - don't want to push away potential customers, they should.

Customers who aren't a fit can become a drain on company resources. They may be unable to fully benefit from your offerings, require extra time and attention - and still be unsatisfied. Businesses should avoid attracting ill-fitted clients by focusing on bringing in only the most ideal customers.

You can't stand out from competitors

When a brand is generic and looks just like every other business in its industry, it loses the ability to stand out from competitors. A brand can't differentiate itself or show audiences why it is better than another brand if it looks and feels like a replica of other businesses.

However, if a brand intimately addresses its target audience, it can shape branding and marketing messages to connect with customers in a way that competitors can't. They can identify the details their customers crave and value, and use them to differentiate the brand through niche marketing.

You can't effectively use targeted advertising

Knowing your target audience helps you use the right messaging and branding to connect with customers. It also helps you place your content in areas where your audience is most likely to see it.

When you know your target audience, you can identify the websites they use, the magazines they read, and the places where they spend time in person and online. This knowledge helps you identify the areas where you can place your ads and set up targeted social media advertising campaigns.

You can't improve your offerings

When you don't know your target audience, you can't comprehend or visualize their experience. It's next to impossible to anticipate how customers will feel about your offerings - much less improve the products and services based on audience perspectives.

When you closely know your customers, you can put yourself in their shoes. You understand their pain points and can see how your products and services impact their lives. This insight allows you to improve your offerings and even create new offerings that can help them even more.

How to define your target audience

Now you can see why it's so important to identify and intimately know your target audience.

While your initial reaction might be to classify your ideal customers in a broad, generic way, there are many long-term benefits to drilling down and defining your target audience in more specific terms.

Avoid using generic and broad classifications for your target audience. Instead, spend time going deep into defining your ideal customers. Create a complete description or buyer persona that outlines the following characteristics and details.

Demographics - Statistical information about your audience

Professional details - Information about their jobs and place of work

Psychographics - Details about their personalities and innate qualities

Goals - Descriptions of what they want to accomplish

Challenges - Problems the audience regularly faces

Influences - Media and impressions the audience encounters

Buying process - How the audience makes purchasing decisions

The more specific you can get about your target audience, the better your marketing and business operations will be.

But don't stop there. Continue to develop your target audience description by creating detailed customer profiles. Here's how.

Image by: Annie Spratt on Unsplash

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Why a target audience matters (and how to find yours)

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In marketing, there's a saying: "If you're talking to everybody, you're not talking to anybody." In other words, if you don't know your target audience - or how to speak directly to them - your broad, generic messages are going to be overlooked, ignored, and forgotten.

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Data Deficient Ocean Animals Should Be Treated As Endangered

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“For the thickness of your life and who it feeds. For the way you always teach me something new. Generous with all my layered needs”(Chap.15, Page 2).

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Hurry Sickness - 10 Ways to Overcome Constant Panic and Rush

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Do you think fast, talk fast, and act fast? Hurry sickness can cause stress, burnout and low productivity. Overcome it using these 10 strategies.

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Benefits of Rest | Dr. Nedley | NEWSTART Animation

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Examples of mammals protecting their belongings

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Examples of mammals protecting their belongings

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“This section looks at the revolutionary parenting and community-care practices modeled by marine mammals”(Chap.19, Page 1, Gumbs).

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Genius Ways Animals Protect Their Babies From Predators