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1. The Alhambra in Granada: a citadel and palace in Granada, built for the Moorish kings during the 13th and 14th centuries (during the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada period).

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2. The waterwheel (na'ura), the water mill or the irrigation ditches (saqiya) are still used as a means of irrigation in Spanish fields.

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The Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba, known ecclesiastically as the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption and popularly as the Mosque, is the cathedral of the diocese of Córdoba located in the Spanish city of Córdoba, Andalusia.

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Arabic coffee, also called Qahwa (Arabic: قهوة), is a version of the brewed coffee of Coffea arabica beans. Most Arab countries throughout the Middle East have developed distinct methods for brewing and preparing coffee

Juan Martinez

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La Mezquita del Cristo de la Luz de Toledo

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La Mezquita del Cristo de la Luz de Toledo

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It is a small building, compared to the previous ones, although no less important for its historical relevance in the time of al-Andalus.

The Mosque of Christ of Light or Bab al-Mardum mosque was built in 999 and was restored several times.

It stands out for its square structure, more typical of countries like Tunisia and Egypt. However, this structure had already been used in other works, especially those built during the Caliphate of Córdoba.

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The melon is a cucurbit that comes from Asia and was known to the Romans. Melons came to Spanish cuisine through the Arabs. During the 16th century, melon was eaten before meals in many regions.

Juan Martinez

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According to the cathedral's website, this sculpture represents "the victorious faith." It is called the Giraldillo and ended up giving name to the Giralda by extension. The RAE dictionary indicates that a giralda is a "tower vane that has a human or animal figure

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The Giralda is the bell tower of the cathedral of Santa María de la Sede in the city of Seville, in Andalusia.The architects Ibn Basso and Ali de Gomara were the architects of this minaret built for the city's great mosque.Construction began in 1184 and was completed in 1198.

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Cotton is a plant of the malvaceous family, genus Gossypium. It is of great economic importance because cotton fibre is obtained from its fruits. The word cotton is also used to refer to fibre.

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Its cultivation is very old. It comes from India, Burma and China. It reaches the Iberian Peninsula thanks to the Arab culture from Egypt, later spreading throughout Europe.

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A long time ago, in the year 700, the Moors, Muslim inhabitants of North Africa, brought the "oud" to Spain. Literally, 'The Oud' actually means "the wood". This pulsed string instrument consists of a wooden body made of glued splinters

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It was built in the first third of the 13th century, in the last moments of the Taifa kingdoms. His name in Arabic was Borg-al-Azajal, he kept treasures in gold and silver coins.

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Miguel Ángel Cerezo Ochoa

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Gunpowder was brought to Granada by the Maghrebi Benimerines, allies of the emir Ismail I of Granada. Gunpowder is a deflagrating mixture used mainly to propel projectiles in firearms, and for acoustic and visual purposes in pyrotechnic shows.

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The Gormaz Castle is made up of a castle and a fortress, located in the city of Soria. Al-Haquem II ordered it to be built at the end of the 10th century on the remains of a previous castle, with the purpose of reinforcing the border north of the Douro River.

The castle was the military support center for Medinaceli, capital of the Muslim middle border. It had excellent visibility and was in a strategic location, since one of the access routes to the north was controlled there.

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This fortress-palace, designed as a concentric wall enclosure, is another of the great examples of Arab architecture in Spain. At the foot of Mount Gibralfaro, the Alcazaba of Malaga does not preserve practically half of its extension, but from the elements visible today we can deduce the importance of the square. You can still appreciate the spaces

Of its urban design, with doors, arches and the old housing neighbourhood.

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The asparagus or common asparagus is a species of the Asparagaceae family. This plant was implanted in Spain from Arabs.It is a perennial herbaceous plant with very branched foliage and feathery appearance. Its cultivation lasts quite a long time in the soil, of the order of eight to ten years

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At the dawn of the 10th century, the emirate of Córdoba began a century of splendour that made it the most powerful kingdom in the West, and the caliph ordered the creation of a palatine city destined to become the seat of the newly-established Caliphate of Córdoba.

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The Andalusians were great lovers of fried or baked sweets. Although refined cane sugar was available, its high price meant that honey was normally used, just as it is in Arab confectionery today.This was more or less the diet of most Hispano-Muslims. The great banquets initiated by Ziryab and intended for the upper class became a display of refinement and sophistication, especially in the time of the great Caliphate of Córdoba.

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Arab saffron is considered the most exquisite condiment in the world. Its name comes from the Arabic za'faran, which means to turn or be yellow.

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The Mosque of al-Andalus, also known as the Mosque of Malaga, is an Islamic temple located in the Arroyo del Cuarto neighborhood of the city of Malaga. Founded by the late King Fahd of Saudi Arabia and now presided over by his brother Prince Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.

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More than 5,000 years ago Muslims brought henna to the Iberian Peninsula. Henna is a 100% natural product made from the leaves of a crushed shrub and is mainly used to dye hair and for skin colouring.

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When the Muslims were in the Iberian Peninsula (VIII to XV), they brought different crops, for example the banana. The banana is a tropical fruit, yellow, long and usually curved.

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In the Muslim era, a type of tree called cider was cultivated, whose orange was mainly used for the production of orange blossom honey. In addition, other citrus trees were also introduced such as the Seville orange tree (i.e. the bitter orange tree), the lemon tree, the lime tree and probably what we currently call the grapefruit. The Muslims brought it from northwestern India and from there they spread through the lands of the medieval Islamic world.

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Muslims did research in some branches of medicine without antecedents, for example leprosy, where apparently they had the first studies. They first perceived the difference between smallpox and measles and talked about obstetrics long before the Greeks.

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A ditch or hunt is an open-pit trench or channel to conduct irrigation water, supply to populations or similar purposes. It was used in Spain and in the former Spanish colonies in America for irrigation.

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The Byzantines and Arabs introduced it to Europe around 1200. It is likely that gunpowder was introduced into Europe from the Middle East.

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Aljafería palace is a fortified palace built in Zaragoza in the second half of the 11th century on the initiative of al-Muqtadir as the residence of the Hudi kings of Saraqusta.

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Gormaz castel it was built by the Muslims to defend themselves from the Christian kingdoms of the north and helped keep them away from Medinaceli. In 1060 the castle passed into Christian hands and, in 1087, the famous Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, known as El Cid, became Lord of Gormaz.

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Tower of Gold') is a dodecagonal military watchtower in Seville, southern Spain. It was erected by the Almohad Caliphate in order to control access to Seville via the Guadalquivir river.

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It is derived from the Arabic name Yarra, Surba. The containers to contain liquids and serve them are characterised by having a belly, a narrower neck finished in a mouth with a beak, mouthpiece or narrowing to be able to pour liquids

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La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba (Patrimonio de la Humanidad desde 1984) es el monumento más importante de todo el Occidente islámico y uno de los más asombrosos del mundo. En su historia se resume la evolución completa del estilo omeya en España, además de los estilos gótico, renacentista y barroco de la construcción cristiana.

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Coffee comes from Ethiopia where in the 11th century the first coffee growers were found, it is the name we give to the drink that is obtained through the infusion of ground and roasted coffee beans.

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In the Muslim religion, chess was practiced as something very common after the death of the prophet Mohammad or Muhammad, in the year 642. “There is nothing wrong” in chess, noted the second caliph after the prophet, Umar ibn-al Khatabb.

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Flamenco is an artistic expression that is born from the mixture of many cultures: the Arab, the Jewish, that of the gypsies (who arrived in Spain in the fifteenth century and many stayed in Andalusia). And with the Andalusian culture. Flamenco emerged from that cultural mixture in Andalusia.

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A meatball or meat ball is a popular culinary preparation of different cuisines of the world, which basically consists of a small ball of minced meat mixed with different condiments depending on the place, and cooked fried, cooked or stewed according to the recipe.

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Cotton was introduced into Europe during the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, which is reflected in its etymology in most European languages: from the Arabic al-qutún (قطن) come both the Hispanic cotton and the variants cotton (English ), coton (French) and cotone (Italian).

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Explosive mixture of different compositions. Origin in China, in the ninth century, in which black powder was manufactured after a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur.

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The word algebra is derived from the Arabic al-jabr, a term used by its founder, Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, in the title of his book written in the 9th century, al-Jabr wa˒l-muqābalah (The science of equations and rocking). Algebra is also known as “the science of solving unknowns in equations.”

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MIGUEL ANGEL CEREZO OCHOA

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Silk is a natural fiber produced by silkworms. It is made from the buds spun by the larvae of the silk moth, scientifically known as Bombyx mori.

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It is said that the lemon tree, a fruit tree native to the East, was brought to the Mediterranean by Alexander the Great during his conquests of Persia and India in the fourth century BC. The Romans already knew it: it is represented on the walls of some of the rich houses of Pompeii. The fruit, the lemon, given its color, could also be identified with the famous golden apples of the Hesperides that the classical geographer Strabo located in the southwest of Hispania, in Tierra de Tartessos, where these gardens are also located.

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Calling the bush as the powder obtained by grinding its leaves, henna is native to India, Iran and Pakistan. Currently, lawsonia inermis is found in the warm and arid areas of Africa and Asia, from Morocco to Bangladesh.

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The castle of Gormaz is a fortress of Andalusian origin located next to the homonymous municipality. It was built in the second half of the 10th century by General Galib on an earlier castle. It was built in the second half of the 10th century by General Galib on an earlier castle.

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The first important mathematician who made use of the sign "0", around 810 A.D., was the Arab Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. The word "zero" comes from the translation of his name in Sanskrit "shunya" (empty) into the Arabic "sifr" (KLM), through Italian. Muslims brought it to Spain around the 10th century

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In the 10th century, Muslims brought some fruits with citrus flavors such as lemon or orange.

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It was the favorite science of the Arabs, along with medicine and astronomy. Many basic principles of arithmetic, geometry and algebra are due to the discoveries of its scholars. Even today we still use the numbers and counting method of Muslims. For example, they spread the zero (from Arabic sifr), invented in 976 in India, although it was not used until the 13th century.

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Calling the bush as the powder obtained by grinding its leaves, henna is native to India, Iran and Pakistan. Currently, lawsonia inermis is found in the warm and arid areas of Africa and Asia, from Morocco to Bangladesh.

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The madrasa or Islamic university, created in the 11th century, was the embryo of European universities. The first madrasa to be erected in al-Andalus (1349) was that of Malaga, followed by those of Granada and Zaragoza, the latter dedicated almost exclusively to the teaching of medicine. At the beginning of the 16th century, medicine was still taught in Arabic.

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La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba (Patrimonio de la Humanidad desde 1984) es el monumento más importante de todo el Occidente islámico y uno de los más asombrosos del mundo. En su historia se resume la evolución completa del estilo omeya en España, además de los estilos gótico, renacentista y barroco de la construcción cristiana.

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Una acequia es un canal construido para conducir el agua. Las acequias trasvasan el agua hacia las tierras de riego o hacia infraestructuras que usen al agua para su funcionamiento o que simplemente la almacenan.

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“Hola mi nombre es brbrbrbrbrbr agua destilatada”👍🏼

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Water from which impurities have been removed to avoid wear and oxidation in the components of the battery, thus extending its useful life.

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The mosque is the Muslim place of prayer. Unlike the temples of other religions, divinity does not reside in mosques, in them only its name is invoked and prayed. Inside there are, therefore, no figurative representations of either God or his Prophet Muhammad, forbidden by Islam.