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Immediate Effects on Environment and People

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Immediate Effects on Environment and People

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The eruption spewed hot ash and lava into the atmosphere and melted parts of the volcano’s ice cap. This caused 30 meter high lahars (mudflows composed of mud, ash, and water) which killed 70% of Armero’s residents, completely destroyed the town, and left many homeless. The lahars poured into the nearby Gaulí river, causing it to swell and overflow and leading to even more damage. In total, there was an estimated cost of $1 billion, around ⅕ of Colombia’s GNP at the time.

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Long Term Impacts on Environment and Human Society

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Long Term Impacts on Environment and Human Society

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The mudflows killed more than 23,000 people - the 4th largest death toll from an eruption throughout history - left 10,000 people homeless and caused a 34.94 billion pesos (US $218 million) loss. The damages and loss of life were unnecessary because the disaster was predictable, and it  influenced major institutional and legislative changes in Columbia as well as the Latin American/Caribbean region. The National System for Disaster Prevention and Response and the International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program to monitor/map the world’s active volcanoes were created as a result of the disaster.  This demonstrated a paradigm shift from response to risk reduction through integration of risk management and consideration. It also led to acid rain and acidified streams.

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Nevado del Ruiz erupted in Colombia on November 14th, 1985. The eruption itself was not considered a massive eruption. However, the eruption resulted in deadly lahars which caused most of the damage. Lahars form from the rapid melting of ice and snow due to the heat from a volcanic eruption. This leads to massive amounts of water running down the volcano and picking up mud and rocks and anything else in its path. Leading up to the eruption, scientists noticed some small signs of volcanic activity and recommended evacuation. Premonitory activity was observed prior to the eruption, which included an increase in fumes, ash eruptions, and sulfur deposition. They were ignored by the Colombian government and local authorities as none of the signs pointed to an eruption of a dangerous size. When the eruption actually occurred, it came out of the blue.