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More food on less land

Factory workers need food

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poor quality of water

overcrowded housing

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Factory System

Less homemade materials, more employed labor workers

Low wages, large poverty/lower class

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Marxism (Fourier) tried to implement social utopias, but never succeeded

Capitalism was influenced by the invisible hand, aka the peoples' supply and demand

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A belief in common origin or ancestral heritage

one common language or dialect is chosen as a national language.

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Nationality: A belief in common origin or ancestral heritage

1. Language: one common language or dialect is chosen as a national language.

2. Culture: a common way of life, ethnicity (values, food, dance, dress).

3. History: shared past or common events (national holidays).

4. Religion: common religion held by all or most of the people.

5. Territory: Ethnic group claims land with specific boundaries as its own.

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The Agrarian Revolution introduced new farming tools and methods, like the seed drill and crop rotation.

Enclosure Acts forced small farmers off their land, creating larger farms.

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Wealthy landowners started restricting private farm land to use for their own companies (enclosure act)

Manual labor began to be viewed as inefficient and mechanized labor started to boost efficiency

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Living conditions in factories were horrible, women had little to no free time and made almost no money because they needed to spend it on food

Children were also working and breathing in toxic factory fumes; many died

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Marx – Workers of the world should unite and demand better wages

Strike/Communism

Bottom Up

Government makes laws – Socialism – Planned Economy “Top Down”

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The more poor = the more people who will starve

To help the poor-> slow the birthrate

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Centralized production in large buildings with machines.

It increased the production of goods but led to long working hours and poor conditions for workers.

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Plows

Before industrial revolution

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managers were a more important sector of the workforce and workers were viewed as less important

owners of factories wanted to lessen pay and lengthen working hours, and workers couldn't do anything because it was the only way for them to make money

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Ricardo - “Iron law of wages” should keep wages low so people won't have kids

Social Darwinism – Survival of the fittest – Society – Same idea

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Exessive pride towards one's country

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communism is where everyone shares everything

invisible hand, capitalism

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Socialism

The government chooses prices and controls the economy

Marxism

Work is directly proportionate to resources

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Entrepreneurs invested in factories to earn profits through large-scale manufacturing.

Offered children jobs to lower wages

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nationalism: people having pride in their country

Liberalism: liberty and free markets

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a.  Social Darwinism -> Survival of the Fittest -> Society-> Same Idea

b. Have nots-> No $ -> Proletariats-> Workers

-No more haves and have nots if there is no private ownership – no socialism and if we shared profits, produce enough to share equally, there will be social utopia with this way of life

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Used water to power Factories

Once the steam engine was invented they used it to power factories

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Prussia used nationalistic efforts twice to unite southern and northern Germany to become the German Empire

Italy's efforts to unite were more so negotiable and emphatic in speech to unite the country

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Forcing children to work

Striking deals with workers to seem like they are getting better living conditions

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Farmlands were made private and farming tools were used to be more efficient

Public farmers turned into factory workers and moved to the city

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- The Germans got what they wanted and were cheering in unity. They were chanting the same thing the Nazis were. This is Nationalism in a nutshell.

- Nationalism is way for countries to pull together – specifically Germany

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Fourier – Social Utopia

Says make work bearable – People will Produce more

Smith believed that competition was a natural part of society and that it would help to ensure that prices were reasonable.

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the invention of the seed drill made it so that the farmers did not have to take so long and it improved crop yield.

four year rotation: this was a four year rotation of crops so the fields and farms were not ruined by the same crop year round

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Textiles were mainly made, and the factory system beat out the domestic system

waterpower dominated, but waterwheels were tempermental during the winter seasons

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Lower Class became common because most families were factory workers

Children were forced to work, and were beaten if they didn't do their job.

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Water wheel, sowing machine

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workers wanted higher wages so much that they went on strikes (Pullman and Homestead)

Child labor was common and children were beaten for not working hard enough

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Use machine, Cost Big, Not able to use at home

At factory, Mass production