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hermann ebbinghaus made the first proper attempt to understand forgetting.

forgetting due to trace delay- disuse theory. assumed that memory leads to modification of CNS, which is similar to physically changes called memory traces. when these traces are not available it leads to memory decay.

forgetting due to interference- most influential theory. interference in memory stores of the brain. interference happens during retrieval time.

forgetting due to retrieval failure- when reitrival cues are absent, forgetting occurs.

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Forgetting is influenced by several factors, including:

1. Decay: Memory traces weaken over time if not rehearsed.

2. Interference: New (retroactive) or old (proactive) information disrupts retrieval.

3. Retrieval Failure: Inability to access memories due to lack of cues.

4. Motivated Forgetting: Suppression of distressing memories.

5. Encoding Failure: Poor initial encoding prevents storage.

6. Brain Damage: Conditions like Alzheimer’s impair memory.

7. Stress: High stress or anxiety hinders recall.

These factors often interact, influencing the forgetting process.

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Imagine your brain is like a messy room. You can't keep everything, so you prioritize what's important.

Time: The longer something's been in the room, the harder it is to find.

Interference: New stuff gets piled on top of old stuff, making it harder to find the old stuff.

Stress: When you're stressed, you can't organize things as well, so you might lose things more easily.

Lack of Attention: If you didn't even notice something in the first place, you won't be able to find it later!

So, forgetting is just your brain's way of cleaning up and making space for new things. It's not a bad thing, just a part of how we learn and rem

ember.

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1. Decay: Memories fade over time without use.

2. Interference: Old or new memories disrupt recall.

3. Retrieval Failure: Inability to access stored memories due to missing cues.

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Mam im not chat gpt I'm original work

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Decay: Memory traces weaken over time if not rehearsed, leading to forgetting.

Interference: New information (retroactive interference) or old information (proactive interference) disrupts recall of memories.

Lack of Retrieval Cues: Insufficient triggers, such as contextual or emotional cues, make accessing stored memories difficult.

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explain the factors that influence forgetting.

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Imagine you're trying to remember something. If you're recalling a fact, like "the capital of France is Paris," you're using your semantic memory. It's like accessing your internal encyclopedia of general knowledge.

Now, think about remembering your first trip to Paris. You're recalling a specific personal experience with a time and place – that's your episodic memory. It's like flipping through your mental diary of past events.

So, semantic memory is for facts and concepts, while episodic memory is for personal experiences.

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Semantic memory includes general facts, such as "The Earth orbits the Sun" or "Dogs are mammals." Episodic memory involves personal experiences, like "My first day at school was exciting"

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episodic memories are memories from our life events and experiences. it tells us how an and when an event related to us occurred. Example: your first day of school. semantic memories are factual and conceptual knowledge about world. Example: school is an educational setting.

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Semantic Memory: Deals with general knowledge and facts about the world (e.g., knowing that Paris is the capital of France).

Episodic Memory: Involves personal experiences and specific events (e.g., remembering your trip to Paris).

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Semantic memory refers to general knowledge and facts about the world, like concepts and meanings, independent of personal context. Episodic memory, however, involves autobiographical events and experiences tied to specific times, places, and emotions, forming personal recollections.

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episodic- biographical details of our own lives, and personal experiences. eg. general emotional awareness, what outfit you wore to your 10th birthday

semantic- general awareness and knowledge. concepts of logic and rules. not susceptible to forgetting. eg. sun rises from east, rainbow has 7 colors

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Following are the levels of processing of memory:

1) shallow level- information can be analysed in physical or structural features

2) intermediate level- Attends to phonetic sounds that are attached to letters and structural features are transformed into a meaningful word

3) deepest level- information here is processed and retained for a longer period of time and is understood in terms of its meaning

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Mam Saturday gojo is using chat gpt

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differentiate between semantic and episodic memory.

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Levels of processing refer to the depth at which we process information, influencing how well we remember it. Here are the main levels:

Shallow Processing: This involves focusing on the surface features of information, like the sound or appearance of a word. It leads to weak memory traces.

Deep Processing: This involves meaningful analysis of information, connecting it to existing knowledge and understanding. It creates stronger memory traces.

The deeper the processing, the more likely we are to remember information. For example, simply reading a word (shallow) is less effective than trying to understand its meaning (deep).

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The Levels of Processing model suggests memory retention depends on depth of processing: shallow (structural/phonetic) focuses on surface features, while deep (semantic) involves meaningful analysis, enhancing long-term memory.

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shallow level : the physical characteristics of sensory information

phonological level : the sounds of information

semantic level : the meaning of the information processed

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The levels of processing model proposes that deeper processing leads to better memory. It involves three levels:

1. Shallow Processing: Focuses on physical features (weak memory).

2. Intermediate Processing: Focuses on the sound of words (slightly better memory).

3. Deep Processing: Focuses on meaning and understanding (strongest memory).

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Craik and lockhart proposed idea. 1. shallow level- analyzation in physical or structural features 2. intermediate level- analyzation in phonetic type i.e. through pronunciation 3. deepest level- analyzation in terms of meaning. retention for a long time

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explain the levels of processing model.

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Sensory memory

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Sensory

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Sensory memory

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Sensory

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Sensory memory

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sensory

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Sense memory

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Sensory

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Sensory Memory

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sensory memory

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which memory system has the shortest duration?

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John Atkinson and Richard shiffrin

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Atkinson and shiffrin

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Atkinson and sheriff

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John Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin

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Ivan pavlov

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Atkinson and shifrrin

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Atkinson-Shiffrin

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attkinson ans shiffrin

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who developed the Information processing model of memory?

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Hippocampus

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Hippocampus

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Hippopotamus

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Hippocampus

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Mam the answer is hippocapmer

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hippocampus

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Hippocampus

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hippocampus?

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which part of brain is crucial for forming new long term memories?

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Declarative

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Declarative

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Declarative

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Declarative

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declarative

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Decatlornrative

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B) declarative

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Declarative

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declarative

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what type of memory refers to ability to recall facts and events?

a) procedural b) declarative c) sensory d) working

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Storage

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Storage

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storage

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Good morning mam aryan this side

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which of the following is the process of retaining information over time?

A)n encoding b) stoorage c) retrieval d) rehearsal

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memory