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The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx. It was written to introduce communism. They believed capitalism would be self destructable, and would lead to conflict. It highlighted the main principles of communism.

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The massacre of peaceful protesters by the Imperal Guard in 1905. The crowd was pushed, creating disaster for everyone. The rush to escape caused 1300 trampled. The victory Tsar Nicholas had anticipated ended in tragedy.

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This attack took place in St. peterburg, Russia. it was an massacre of peaceful protesters marking the beginning of the vilent phase in RUssia Revolution.

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Tsar abdicates from the Russian throne. this brought a end to Romanov dynasty that ruled Russia for over 300 years. Since Russia was fighting a losing the war with Germany this was particularly important.

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Kornilov attempted to gain control of the Russian Goverment. He tried to overthow the provisional govenment. He tried to replace it with military dictatorship.

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This tready was known as the peace treaty. It was signed betwwen Russia and Central Powers. Russias participation in WWI came to a end. This Tready provoked the civil war between the white and red armies.

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The main cause of this invasion was because of territory and to weaken Swedens allies. Polish victory resulted in Polish-Russo border which exsited till 1939. The battle was eld on Russian and Austro-Hugarian Empire.

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The leader of the October Revolution, Vladmir Lenin died on Janurary 21st 1924. He died at the age of 53 from a incurable disease. Lenin was known for serving of the head government of Soviet Union.

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1896 Khodynka Tragedy - Working With Crowds
Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia - History, University of York
The Kornilov Affair - a Failed Coup d'état
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | History Today
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Warsaw-1920

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Table of Contents

Battle of Warsaw, (12-25 August 1920), Polish victory in the Russo-Polish War (1919-20) over control of Ukraine, which resulted in the establishment of the Russo-Polish border that existed until 1939. In a war that pitted Bolshevik revolutionary fervor against Polish nationalism, the Russian Bolsheviks suffered a humiliating defeat. The great Polish victory over the Red Army outside Warsaw ensured the survival of an independent Poland and may have prevented a Bolshevik invasion of Germany.

By 1920 the Bolsheviks had triumphed in the Russian Civil War, but the borders of the Bolshevik-ruled state were still uncertain. The Poles, asserting their newly found independence, pressed eastward into Belarus and Ukraine, leading to clashes as the Red Army extended Bolshevik rule westward. Excited by some quick victories over Polish forces, Lenin conceived of a singularly dubious scheme: he would export revolution on the bayonet points of the Red Army. They would invade Poland, and as they approached Warsaw the Polish Communists would lead the working class into revolution and welcome the Red Army as liberators, a pattern to be followed in Germany and beyond. In vain Poles warned Lenin that an invasion by Russians would unite all Polish classes against Russia, their historic oppressor.

The Polish-born and much feared head of the Cheka (Bolshevik secret police), Feliks Dzierzinsky, was made head of a Polish Revolutionary Committee, which would follow the Red Army and form the new government. Lenin was absolutely confident of success. Initially all went well, and within six weeks the Red Army was at the gates of Warsaw. But as the Polish Communists had warned, all classes did indeed unite, and there was no rising in the city. Also the Polish commander, Józef Piłsudski, drew up a bold, if not foolhardy, plan of counterattack. The Polish army would stand on the defensive in front of the city, and when the Red Army was fully committed to the battle, Poland's best units would launch a flanking attack from the south, cut the Bolshevik lines of communication, and encircle much of the Red Army. Some Polish generals were aghast at the risks involved, but in their desperation there seemed no alternative.

When the Red Army launched what was expected to be the final assault on Warsaw, Piłsudski had to begin his counterattack twenty-four hours early, with some units not yet in position, for fear that Warsaw might fall if he waited. The Red Army fought its way to the village of Izabelin, only 8 miles (13 km) from the city, but the Polish attack succeeded beyond wildest expectations. Driving through a gap in Bolshevik lines, the Poles advanced rapidly against little opposition. In the Red Army, all was chaos; commanders lost control of their units, with some divisions continuing their advance on Warsaw, others fleeing. Three armies disintegrated, and thousands fled into East Prussia, where they were interned. In an encounter that saw Polish lancers charging and overwhelming Bolshevik cavalrymen, the First Cavalry Army, trapped in the "Zemość Ring," was all but annihilated.

The Fourth Army meekly surrendered after being encircled. Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky desperately tried to pull his troops back to a defendable line, but the situation was beyond redemption. A few more engagements followed, but the war was effectively won. Lenin was forced to agree to peace terms that surrendered a large tract of territory whose population was in no way Polish-the Red Army returned to reclaim it in 1939.

Losses: Soviet, possibly some 15,000-25,000 killed, 65,000 captured, and some 35,000 interned in Germany; Polish, up to 5,000 dead, 22,000 wounded, and 10,000 missing.

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John Swift

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Battle of Warsaw, (12-25 August 1920), Polish victory in the Russo-Polish War (1919-20) over control of Ukraine, which resulted in the establishment of the Russo-Polish border that existed until 1939. In a war that pitted Bolshevik revolutionary fervor against Polish nationalism, the Russian Bolsheviks suffered a humiliating defeat.