# data[].attributes.body
Was it really about temperature?

# data[].attributes.headline
Check out this Oversimplified History of the War of the Bucket!

# data[].attributes.subject
Check out this Oversimplified History of the War of the Bucket!

# data[].attributes.body
Yes, you saw right. A war over a bucket.

# data[].attributes.headline
How troops from the British Empire fought the Nazis 

# data[].attributes.subject
How troops from the British Empire fought the Nazis 

# data[].attributes.body
In 1940 the British Empire contained a quarter of the world's population and a fifth of its landmass, all of which, bar Ireland, was also at war with Germany. Far from standing alone, as the war spread across the globe, Britain relied on the people, land and resources of its Empire to continue fighting.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why Britain DIDN'T stand alone against Nazi Germany

# data[].attributes.body
Experts from archaeologists to astrophysicists offer new insights on the Bayeux Tapestry, an artefact which, despite its fame, has remained shrouded in mystery.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Experts from archaeologists to astrophysicists offer new insights on the Bayeux Tapestry.

# data[].attributes.body
Explore this website produced by Cambridge University and Manchester University amongst others, exploring how migration has shaped the British Isles and British identity.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Overview

The population of Britain in the first century AD had already been shaped by thousands of years of migration. Ever since the very first inhabitants came here, probably from southern Europe, there has been a continual process of settlement and trade. By the time the Romans invaded Britain in the year 43, it was already a land of many cultures and languages. The 'Romans' themselves - soldiers and settlers - came from all over Rome's empire. Because of all of this, in and around the first century, Britain's population included people from as far afield as North Africa, Syria, the Balkans and Scandinavia. We know this from archaeological evidence - the study of skeletal mitochondrial DNA and dental isotopes, as well as tomb inscriptions and buried objects such as jewellery and pottery ...

Migration stories: AD43-1500

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Our Migration Story: The Making of Britain

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The population of Britain in the first century AD had already been shaped by thousands of years of migration. Ever since the very first inhabitants came here, probably from southern Europe, there has been a continual process of settlement and trade.

# data[].attributes.headline
Why the Gallipoli Campaign of WW1 was such a failure 

# data[].attributes.subject
Why the Gallipoli Campaign of WW1 was such a failure 

# data[].attributes.body
In this episode of IWM Stories, Alan Wakefield explores what went wrong at Gallipoli and why the evacuations were the only success.

# data[].attributes.body
The sky is obviously blue so why is it not mentioned in any Ancient Greek texts?...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
How we see color
There are three types of color receptors in your eye: red, green and blue. But how do we see the amazing kaleidoscope of other colors that make up our world? Colm Kelleher explains how humans can see everything from auburn to aquamarine.

Is light a particle or a wave?
Can we accurately describe light as exclusively a wave or just a particle? Are the two mutually exclusive? In this third part of his series on light and color, Colm Kelleher discusses wave-particle duality and its relationship to how we see light and, therefore, color.

What is color?
Have you ever wondered what color is? In this first installment of a series on light, Colm Kelleher describes the physics behind colors-- why the colors we see are related to the period of motion and the frequency of waves.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why the ancient Greeks couldn't see blue

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
How we see color There are three types of color receptors in your eye: red, green and blue. But how do we see the amazing kaleidoscope of other colors that make up our world? Colm Kelleher explains how humans can see everything from auburn to aquamarine. Is light a particle or a wave?

# data[].attributes.body
Check out this slightly bizarre museum. Form a view on what you make of it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Working collaboratively and creatively with staff, volunteers, and communities we will transform how our iconic collections are engaged with, both online and in the museum. In an increasingly disconnected world, we want to inspire empathy and deepen cross-cultural understanding.

# data[].attributes.headline
A BBC report on the Black British History you may not know about.

# data[].attributes.subject
A BBC report on the Black British History you may not know about.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
"We have existed in Britain and been pioneers, inventors, icons. And then colonialism happened, and that has shaped the experiences of black people - but that is not all we are."

These are the words of Lavinya Stennett, founder of The Black Curriculum, an organisation which teaches black British history in schools - and is campaigning for Education Secretary Gavin Williamson to make it compulsory.

The death of George Floyd in America has inspired thousands of people in Britain to demand justice, marching through the streets of our biggest cities.

George The Poet, who was questioned about this on Newsnight, believes a lack of education about black British history - and the British Empire - plays a part in racism in the UK and our discussions about it.

My appearance on @BBCnewsnight yesterday reminded me that racism convos are weakened by gaps in our information. Ideally, we would all leave school with a basic awareness of Britain's leading role in the oppression of black and brown people. But we're a long way from this 1/7
- George The Poet (@GeorgeThePoet) June 2, 2020

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. View original tweet on Twitter

The transatlantic slave trade and the US civil rights movement are largely the only black history taught in UK schools, normally in October when we celebrate Black History Month.

"lf you're omitting different histories and narratives, you're saying that these people aren't part of this country, this nation, this heritage - or they're not important enough to be taught as common knowledge," says Melody Triumph, policy specialist at The Black Curriculum.

These are just a few episodes of black British history we weren't taught in school.

1. The Ivory Bangle Lady

Some might think the first black people in Britain arrived from Britain's colonies - the countries in Africa, the Caribbean and Asia that Britain ruled over, in some cases for centuries - after World War 2.

But that's not true, says Lavinya from The Black Curriculum.

"We know that black people were in Britain since Roman times - and there's specific examples."

The Ivory Bangle Lady is the name given to remains discovered in York in 1901 which are now on display in the York Museum. Archaeological analysis reveals that although she was born in Roman Britain, she's likely to be of North African descent.

The remains have been dated to the second half of the 4th Century.

She was found with jet and elephant ivory bracelets, earrings, pendants, beads, a blue glass jug and a glass mirror. In other words, she wasn't poor.

"It puts into question assumptions that black people have never been aspirationally wealthy or had any kind of wealth," Lavinya says.

2. Henry VIII's black trumpeter

There's even a letter from John Blanke to Henry VIII asking for a pay rise.

"He petitioned for 8p a day. I don't know what the conversion is today, but that showed he knew his worth," Lavinya says.

3. Britain's first black Queen?

She was a princess from Germany who became a British Queen after marrying King George III - and many historians believe Queen Charlotte had African ancestry.

They married in 1761 and Charlotte was the mother of two British monarchs - George IV and William IV.

It's been argued that despite coming from Germany, Queen Charlotte was descended from a black branch of the Portuguese royal family.

King Afonso III of Portugal conquered the city of Faro from the Moors - Muslims from North Africa who lived in modern-day Spain and Portugal during the Middle Ages - in the 13th Century. Afonso was thought to have had three children with the city governor's daughter.

One of their sons, Martim Afonso Chichorro, is also said to have married into a family with black ethnicity. He and his wife, Ines Lourenco de Sousa de Valadares, founded the Portuguese house of Sousa-Chichorro, which had many descendants, including Queen Charlotte.

Queen Charlotte's great granddaughter? Queen Victoria.

"A lot of the time, we start with black history in London - it's London-centric. But a lot of Glasgow's wealth actually comes from the tobacco, the sugar, the cotton that was created and sustained by enslaved people in Jamaica, Trinidad and Barbados," Lavinya says.

Many of Glasgow's prominent city centre streets are named after 18th Century slave owners who made fortunes from plantations.

"You're told that black people were slaves, but you're not told the fruits of their labour are actually the streets we walk on."

Lavinya says teaching slavery is important but you need to "contextualise it".

"Talk about who gained from it, the people not only in the colonies but also here in the UK."

That also means teaching about the "black people in Scotland who were part of the abolition of the slave trade".

"But black people were actually brought over from Jamaica to fight in World War One," says Lavinya. Her great-uncle came to England at the age of 17 to help the war effort, settling in London afterwards.

But she says her uncle was "one of the lucky ones"- because he wasn't sent back after the war.

When soldiers returned to the UK after WW1 there was a jobs shortage and a lack of opportunities.

"White people made the link that they were not getting jobs because of the black people" - and violence towards black communities followed.

They're known as the 1919 race riots in Glasgow, Liverpool, Cardiff and other seaports across Britain, during which three people were killed and hundreds injured.

But there were economic consequences too. Many black serviceman and workers found themselves without jobs after a "colour bar" was introduced in many industries, with white workers, often backed by unions, refusing to work alongside black people.

Lots of black men were sent back to the countries they had lived in before the war.

"It fits into the hyper-sexualisation of black men. White men felt threatened because they felt that black men were taking their women," Lavinya says.

6. The Bristol bus boycott

After WW2 black people from the Caribbean and Africa, and people from India, were asked to come to Britain to help rebuild the country.

They were put to work in the NHS and other public sector roles, like driving buses.

But in Bristol the Omnibus Company, run by the council, refused to employ black and Asian drivers, which eventually led to a boycott of buses across the whole city.

"But it wasn't as easy as that," Lavinya says. At the time it was not illegal to discriminate based on race - the first Race Relations Act was passed in 1965, but didn't include legislation about employment or housing until 1968.

Hackett organised blockades and sit-down protests to prevent buses getting through the city centre.

Students showed support too and it was backed by the local MP Tony Benn as well as Harold Wilson, who became Labour leader a year later.

On the same day Martin Luther King Jr delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech after marching on Washington DC - 28 August 1963 - pressure had built enough over the summer that the Bristol Omnibus Company announced a change in policy.

By mid-September Bristol had its first non-white bus conductor - Raghbir Singh, an Indian-born Sikh who'd lived in Bristol since 1959 - and further black and Asian crews followed.

Paul Stephenson, Guy Bailey and Roy Hackett all received OBEs for their action.

Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The black British history you may not know about

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
"We have existed in Britain and been pioneers, inventors, icons. And then colonialism happened, and that has shaped the experiences of black people - but that is not all we are." These are the words of Lavinya Stennett, founder of The Black Curriculum, an organisation which teaches black British history in schools - and is campaigning for Education Secretary Gavin Williamson to make it compulsory.

# data[].attributes.body
Visit various wonders of the world, all for free!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Admission free. Discover half a million years of art and archaeology, from Egyptian mummies to modern art, at the University of Oxford's Ashmolean Museum.

# data[].attributes.headline
Read the 100 Year Old Anglo Saxon Chronicle!

# data[].attributes.subject
Read the 100 Year Old Anglo Saxon Chronicle!

# data[].attributes.body
The Anglo Saxon Chronicle was written in the late 9th Century AD and is the best primary record we have of what happened all that time ago!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Avalon Project - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

# data[].attributes.body
From the 'chief nerd' of Horrible Histories, a podcast series looking at the weird and wonderful parts of history!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Sounds - You're Dead to Me - Available Episodes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Listen to the latest episodes of You're Dead to Me on BBC Sounds

# data[].attributes.body
The revolution that brought down a 300 year old dynasty and saw the rise of communism!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Russian Revolution - OverSimplified (Part 1)

# data[].attributes.headline
Explore the intricate detail of the Bayeux Tapestry Online

# data[].attributes.subject
Explore the intricate detail of the Bayeux Tapestry Online

# data[].attributes.body
Discover the entire Bayeux Tapestry scene by scene and follow online the 70 meter-long embroidered canvas which tells the story of the conquest of England in 1066.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Discover the entire Bayeux Tapestry following online the 70 meter-long embroidered canvas which tells the story of the conquest of England in 1066.

For the first time, you will be able to freely explore the entire Bayeux Tapestry with a never seen quality of images ! This project has been led by the City of Bayeux and the DRAC Normandie (Ministry of Culture) with the assistance of the "Fabrique de patrimoines en Normandie" who photographed the embroidery. The high resolution images were then reconstituted by the University of Caen and the CNRS. This panorama is the reference image of the S.D.I.S tool (Spatialized Documentary Information System), produced to assist scientific research on the work, and to give access to a rich documentation to the public in the future museum.

Access to this panorama is free for a private or public non-commercial use. Any commercial use of this tool is prohibited, as well as the extraction of images from this panorama. For any public consultation or for a share of the link of the panorama (URL), please mention the source: "Official digital representation of the Bayeux Tapestry - 11th century. Credits: City of Bayeux, DRAC Normandie, University of Caen Normandie, CNRS, Ensicaen, Photos: 2017 - La Fabrique de patrimoines en Normandie "
>> By consulting the online panorama of the Bayeux Tapestry, I accept the general terms of use <<

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Explore the Bayeux Tapestry online - Bayeux Museum

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Discover the entire Bayeux Tapestry following online the 70 meter-long embroidered canvas which tells the story of the conquest of England in 1066. For the first time, you will be able to freely explore the entire Bayeux Tapestry with a never seen quality of images !

# data[].attributes.body
Artefacts in Britain's museums had purpose and significance before being put on display. Hanna Adan releases the restless spirits within to ask: should they be returned home?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Artefacts in Britain's museums had purpose and significance before being put on display. Hanna Adan releases the restless spirits within to ask: should they be returned home?

It's generally agreed that a trip to a museum is almost certainly educational, at times entertaining and often enlightening. The fortress-like buildings tend to be full of treasures and objects from all over the world, bringing the past to life in wondrous ways. But have you ever stopped to think how the objects found their way there and what they might say if they could tell their own stories?

In the Museum of Bad Vibes, Hanna Adan explores the cultural & spiritual significance an Akan Gold weight, Benin Bronze, a Chinese Ancestral Tablet and a Papua New Guinean Koi board; learns how they they got to be in some of the UK's most celebrated museums and asks whether they could or should be returned to their countries and communities of origin.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Artefacts in Britain's museums had purpose and significance before being put on display. Hanna Adan releases the restless spirits within to ask: should they be returned home? It's generally agreed that a trip to a museum is almost certainly educational, at times entertaining and often enlightening.

# data[].attributes.headline
Pay a visit to: Oxford Castle and Prison

# data[].attributes.subject
Pay a visit to: Oxford Castle and Prison

# data[].attributes.body
Check out this local historical site in Oxford!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Come and visit Oxford Castle and Prison to explore 1,000 years of Oxford city's fascinating and ancient history.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explore the work of Uncomfortable Oxford

# data[].attributes.subject
Explore the work of Uncomfortable Oxford

# data[].attributes.body
A social enterprise unearthing the uncomfortable histories of Oxford.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Uncomfortable Oxford runs public engagement walking tours, lectures, and workshops on Oxford's 'uncomfortable' past.

# data[].attributes.body
Watch this clip to find out how the pursuit of history has evolved over time, from recording big events like a calendar to constructing nation states.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What History Was, Is, and Will Be: Crash Course European History #50

# data[].attributes.body
Hear historians unpack the stories behind the lost tapes documenting the rise of Hitler and the Nazis.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Across this unique series, Hitler: The Lost Tapes uses archive and expert interviews to explore both the public and private life of Germany's infamous dictator