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(what makes this structure different from the others)

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How can CE be implemented in this structure?

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How can CE be implemented in this structure?

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(how can we create incentives for slowing and closing)

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Where are the risks/costs for companies in this structure?

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Where are the risks/costs for companies in this structure?

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What are the opportunities and risks for users in this structure?

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What are the opportunities and risks for users in this structure?

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What kind of goods are best suited for this structure?

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What kind of goods are best suited for this structure?

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What examples are there for the implementation of this structure when a contribution to CE is specifically sought?

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What examples are there for the implementation of this structure when a contribution to CE is specifically sought?

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What examples are there for the implementation of this structure without direct focus on CE?

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What examples are there for the implementation of this structure without direct focus on CE?

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What can be owned?

-Product

-Licensing and franchising to handle Products

(Brand Company gives Licenses worldwide for handling distribution, and use the brandname for different products)

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Mobility / The owner of the sharing platform

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Specificy: Caterpillar sells machinery and workwear for construction

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Specificy: Caterpillar sells machinery and workwear for construction

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-Take back management

-refurbishing system

-design for disassembly and repair

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-Warranty is risky

-return logistics is expensive

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Risks:

-Dependancy on one company for repair and products (locked-in)

Opportunities:

-warranty gives trust and plan ahead for their own business

-global presence of caterpillars gives accessibility of products and parts

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Consumers pay for the use of a product instead of owning it. HP takes care of maintenance and upgrades. Could be also a non physical product

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Consumers pay for the use of a product instead of owning it. HP takes care of maintenance and upgrades. Could be also a non physical product

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-hardware

-durable goods

-easy to refurbish

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payment: yearly / monthly paid membership + payment per use including minimum time 30 minutes (pay per minute vs. pay per use)

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Risk/Pressure for innovation, breakdown of the system. Losing costumers (competence). 

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Risk/Pressure for innovation, breakdown of the system. Losing costumers (competence). 

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select parternships according to narrowing principle (maximize production efficiency)

select parternships according to closing principle (ensure partner offers opportunities to bring back unused/broken cars, make spare available, ...)

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Mercedes Benz. Temu. H&M

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Products that

are only used occasionally

are expensive to buy

hard to maintain

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You get the newer version, better service, you don't take care about the maintenance. Interruptions of the service.  More administration to get the product.

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You get the newer version, better service, you don't take care about the maintenance. Interruptions of the service.  More administration to get the product.

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Fairphone,

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Opportunities:

save money

no infrastructure needed (garage)

save time (repairs not organized by consumer)

Risk:

possibly no car available at the moment, specifically bad in emergency cases

no status symbol for user anymore

depending on service: maybe not possible to cross boundaries (e.g. for vacation)

if membership is paid, but not used (financial risk)

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Goods that last for a long time. Easily repaired products. Goods that can be maintained/upgraded. Goods that can be innovative.

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Goods that last for a long time. Easily repaired products. Goods that can be maintained/upgraded. Goods that can be innovative.

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Opportunities:

constant incomming cash flow (more predictable)

urbanization as opportunity

Risks:

high investments and maintencane costs

coordination with different stakeholders

ensure infrastructure (parking lots, apps)

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1. Owner: The company

2. Specificity: The owner is the one that takes all the responsibility when it comes to the maintenance of the product.

3. CE implementation: Durability in the materials and piece reuse (from one tool that no longer works can be used to repair another).

4. Risks/costs for companies: The liability of having all the responsibility and the costs that come with it only on one side.

5. Opportunities/risks for users: You depend completely on the company to repair, change or extend the rental.

6. Kind of goods: Material goods like tools, housing, cars, machinery

7. Examples of implementation with CE focus: Car rentals*, Computer leasing, baby clothes and equipment, dress rental.

8. Examples of implementation without CE focus: Car rentals*, Airplanes, skiing equipment.

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Slowing: companies give the service of using or repairing clothing. Device as a service (computers)

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Slowing: companies give the service of using or repairing clothing. Device as a service (computers)

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Examples of Sharing Platform without focus on CE

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Examples of Sharing Platform without focus on CE

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AirBnB, Cooltra, Publibike, BlaBlaCar