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Really excellent work with style: I'm impressed you remember and could identify such a variety of literary, rhetorical, and visual techniques

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Good identification. Why do you think he uses this particular statement? How does it affect the way people see the issue?

A similar idea is continued with the lexical field...how does this "encourage" them, beyond attachment to the land of South Africa? What does this metaphor imply about the process?

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Good observation about the effect of a MULTIVOCAL text

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Good observation about how one issue is more urgent at the moment than the other. I wonder: do you think South African living today would agree?

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The repetition of "let there be" isn't the most important part of the passage. In reality, the main focus is within the phrases that follow the anaphora. Meaning that "peace" and "justice" are just as important as "food" and "water" for all. So as well as providing powerful beginnings to the phrases, it has the effect of connecting all of Mandela's ideas, and showing that a balance between all of three of these concepts is key for an equal society.

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This lexical field achieves to make Mandela's audience feel a certain attachment to South Africa's land and further encourage them to make a change in their society.

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When Mandela uses this personnification, the audience may interpret the birth of a new society as a miracle. This is because a naissance is often interpreted as an extraordinary event. As a result, Mandela's audience will feel more motivated to contribute to this new society.

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By using the words "you can keep the lines strong on the home front!", the PSA is encouraging its viewers to contribute to the workforce and spread awareness. Using the word "you" includes the viewer, making him feel engaged in what is happening, and hopefully more prone to react.

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The use of Logos is quite straight to the point. Using numbers and stats gives credibility to the cause.

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Both women on these images are total strangers. In a way, it may indirectly hint to viewers that this could be them, or their sister, or their friend.

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Bold and large letters are easy to spot. Therefore they attract viewers to the specific words "Work", "War" and "Your".

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The use of repetition helps Attenborough sound more convincing when suggesting his resolution. It can also make the audience feel more included in the problem and make them feel obliged to help make a change, therefore being persuasive.

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This particular use of hypophora can bring out a sens of hope and motivation in regards to the issue. As Attenborough seems to mostly bring out the worst of this situation, which is understandable, this technique stands out.

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When Attenborough includes this statistical information on climate change, he makes a logical argument and sounds more persuasive.

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When including more speakers, Attenborough enhances the accuracy of his arguments and sounds more persuasive.

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All three of these literary works explore the concept of transformation and demand a change in either humanity, society or their environment. They challenge the viewers by encouraging changes in mindsets, lifestyles and actions. For this, they ask their audience: How have past events shaped us and our society, and how can we adjust ? What does it take to make a real difference?

All three depict that in order to move on from tragic events, challenges, and crises, humans should be willing to adapt and transform.

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Nowadays, this PSA wouldn't make much sense. But by being aware of its historical context, we can have a better understanding of the targeted audience's perspective. The PSA consists of an American recruitment campaign, created in the 1940's during World War Two. The main idea behind it was to encourage a social change by bringing women in the workforce. Seeing as the context of this PSA is not very recent, it differs from Attenborough's speech which tackles a pertinent issue from nowadays.

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This inaugural speech was delivered on the 10th of may 1994, by Nelson Mandela. When South Africa became a democracy, Mandela was the country's first democratically-elected president, therefore, he delivered a powerful, political speech. Entitled "Rainbow Nation", it was symbolic of the union of the different cultural, ethnic or racial groups of South Africa during the post apartheid period. Therefore, his speech adresses numerous universal topics such as racial and gender equality and freedom. Once again, similarly to Attenborough's speech, the inaugural Rainbow Nation speech is targeted at a particular audience to initiate change, in this case: South Africans.

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Sir David Attenborough spoke about climate action in Glasgow on November 1, 2021. In his speech, he adresses a contemporary audience. His arguments are directed towards the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, also known as COP26. Attenborough aimed to summit delegates to "turn tragedy into triumph" and tackle climate change. Compared to Mandela's speech, Attenborough's speech affects us more due to the recency of the issue discussed. In other words, bringing up a familiar issue such as climate change does not sound complex to his target audience. As a result, Attenborough was able to contribute in many positive changes in today's world.

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Inaugural Speech, Pretoria [Mandela]- 5/10/94 – Rainbow Nation

STATEMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS,NELSON MANDELA, AT HIS INAUGURATION AS PRESIDENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, UNION BUILDINGS, PRETORIA, MAY 10 1994

Your Majesties, Your Highnesses, Distinguished Guests, Comrades and Friends:

Today, all of us do, by our presence here, and by our celebrations in other parts of our country and the world,confer glory and hope to newborn liberty.

Out of the experience of an extraordinary human disaster that lasted too long, must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud.

Our daily deeds as ordinary South Africans must produce an actual South African reality that will reinforce humanity's belief in justice, strengthen its confidence in the nobility of the human soul and sustain all our hopes for a glorious life for all.

All this we owe both to ourselves and to the peoples of the world who are so well represented here today.

To my compatriots, I have no hesitation in saying that each one of us is as intimately attached to the soil of this beautiful country as are the famous jacaranda trees of Pretoria and the mimosa trees of the bushveld.

Each time one of us touches the soil of this land, we feel a sense of personal renewal. The national mood changes as the seasons change.

We are moved by a sense of joy and exhilaration when the grass turns green and the flowers bloom.

That spiritual and physical oneness we all share with this common homeland explains the depth of the pain we all carried in our hearts as we saw our country tear itself apart in a terrible conflict, and as we saw it spurned, outlawed and isolated by the peoples of the world, precisely because it has become the universal base of the pernicious ideology and practice of racism and racial oppression.

Subject: Nelson Mandela's inaugural speech - Pretoria May 10 From:

ancdip@WN.APC.ORG (tim jenkin) Date: Wed, 11 May 1994 13:37:00 -0400

We, the people of South Africa, feel fulfilled that humanity has taken us back into its bosom, that we, who were outlaws not so long ago, have today been given the rare privilege to be host to the nations of the world on our own soil.

We thank all our distinguished international guests for having come to take possession with the people of our country of what is, after all, a common victory for justice, for peace, for human dignity.

We trust that you will continue to stand by us as we tackle the challenges of building peace, prosperity, non-sexism,non-racialism and democracy.

We deeply appreciate the role that the masses of our people and their political mass democratic, religious, women, youth,business, traditional and other leaders have played to bring about this conclusion. Not least among them is my Second Deputy President, the Honourable F.W. de Klerk.

We would also like to pay tribute to our security forces, in all their ranks, for the distinguished role they have played in securing our first democratic elections and the transition to democracy, from blood-thirsty forces which still refuse to see the light.

The time for the healing of the wounds has come.

The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come. The time to build is upon us.

We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation. We pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination.

We succeeded to take our last steps to freedom in conditions of relative peace. We commit ourselves to the construction of a complete, just and lasting peace.

We have triumphed in the effort to implant hope in the breasts of the millions of our people. We enter into a covenant that we shall build the society in which all South Africans, both black and white, will be able to walk tall, without any fear in their hearts, assured of their inalienable right to human dignity - a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world.

As a token of its commitment to the renewal of our country,the new Interim Government of National Unity will, as a matter of urgency, address the issue of

amnesty for various categories of our people who are currently serving terms of imprisonment.

We dedicate this day to all the heroes and heroines in this country and the rest of the world who sacrificed in many ways and surrendered their lives so that we could be free.

Their dreams have become reality. Freedom is their reward.

We are both humbled and elevated by the honour and privilege that you, the people of South Africa, have bestowed on us, as the first President of a united, democratic, non- racial and non-sexist South Africa, to lead our country out of the valley of darkness.

We understand it still that there is no easy road to freedom.

We know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success.

We must therefore act together as a united people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth of a new world.

Let there be justice for all.

Let there be peace for all.

Let there be work, bread, water and salt for all.

Let each know that for each the body, the mind and the soul have been freed to fulfill themselves.

Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world.

Let freedom reign.

The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement! God bless Africa!

Thank you.

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Sir David Attenborough's address to COP26

November 3, 2021

Your excellencies, delegates, ladies and gentlemen, as you spend the next two weeks, debating, negotiating, persuading and compromising, as you surely must, it’s easy to forget that ultimately the emergency climate comes down to a single number, the concentration of carbon in our atmosphere. The measure that greatly determines global temperature and the changes in that one number is the clearest way to chart our own story, for it defines our relationship with our world.

For much of humanity’s ancient history, that number bounced wildly between 180 and 300, and so too did global temperatures. It was a brutal and unpredictable world. At times, our ancestors existed only in tiny numbers, but just over 10,000 years ago, that number suddenly stabilized and with it, Earth’s climate. We found ourselves in an unusually benign period with predictable seasons and reliable weather. For the first time civilization was possible and we wasted no time in taking advantage of that. Everything we’ve achieved in the last 10,000 years was enabled by the stability during this time. The global temperature has not wavered over this period by more than plus or minus one degree Celsius, until now. Our burning of fossil fuels, our destruction of nature, our approach to industry, construction and learning, are releasing carbon into the atmosphere at an unprecedented pace and scale

We are already in trouble. The stability we all depend on is breaking. This story is one of inequality, as well as instability. Today, those who’ve done the least to cause this problem, are being the hardest hit. Ultimately, all of us will feel the impact, some of which are now unavoidable.

Speaker 2:

My world is melting.

Speaker 3:

You think you have control. We actually have no control.

Speaker 4:

I’m absolutely terrified to bring a child to this world.

David Attenborough:

Is this how our story is due to end? A tale of the smartest species doomed by that all too human characteristic of failing to see the bigger picture in pursuit of short term goals. Perhaps the fact that the people most affected by climate change are no longer some imagined future generation, but young people alive today, perhaps that will give us the impetus we need to rewrite our story, to turn this tragedy into a triumph. We are after all, the greatest problem solvers to have ever existed on Earth. We now understand this problem. We know how to stop the number rising and put it in reverse. We must recapture billions of tons of carbon from the air. We must fix our sights on keeping one and a half degrees within reach. A new industrial revolution, powered by millions of sustainable innovations, is essential, and is indeed already beginning.

We will all share in the benefits. Affordable, clean energy, healthy air and enough food to sustain us all. Nature is a key ally. Whenever we restore the wild, it will recapture carbon and help us bring back balance to our planet. And as we work to build a better world, we must acknowledge, no nation has completed its development because no advanced nation is yet sustainable. All have a journey still to complete so that all nations have a good standard of living and a modest footprint. We’re going to have to learn together, how to achieve this, ensuring none are left behind. We must use this opportunity to create a more equal world and our motivation should not be fear, but hope

Speaker 6:

Can we fix climate problem in one generation? My answer would be, yes, we have to.

Speaker 7:

We need to not just to talk about what we can do, but to do what we can.

Speaker 8:

This is a challenge that we should try to solve in a quick way, but with a long term vision.

David Attenborough:

It comes down to this. The people alive now, the generation to come, will look at this conference and consider one thing. Did that number stop rising and start to drop, as a result of commitments made here? There’s every reason to believe that the answer can be yes. If working apart, we are force powerful enough to destabilize our planet, surely, working together, we are powerful enough to save it. In my lifetime, I’ve witnessed a terrible decline. In yours, you could and should witness a wonderful recovery. That desperate hope, ladies and gentlemen, delegates, excellencies, is why the world is looking to you and why you are here. Thank you.