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This is a student-driven psychology project. The information provided is for general information purposes only.  The information mentioned is not intended to be used as professional or medical advice. The information is not a substitute, nor does it replace, professional medical & psychological advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified professional should you need specific advice.

[Thank you for taking the time to view my Padlet!]

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Anger in Children: Signs, Causes, & Treatments

This article provides insight & education on anger management issues, particularly as they occur in children. Anger management symptoms, identifiers, & signs are listed within this article, as well as what may be the root cause of specific anger management issues in children. Therapeutic treatments/remedies, parent/family training, group work/gatherings, & medicinal benefits are additionally discussed, & management tips are provided (King-White, 2023).

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Photo: Pulled from IstockPhoto & (NHS, 2023)

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Helping Your Child with Anger Issues (NHS, 2023)

Why Is Your Child So Angry?

Witnessed others arguing.

Experiencing friendship troubles.

Potentially being bullied.

Struggling with school(work).

Coping with other emotions (stress, anxiety, &/or fear).

Anger Tips for Your Child:

Count to 10.

Walk away from the situation.

Breathe in slowly & deeply.

Attempt tension-reducing techniques

Talk to a trusted individual.

Find a private place to decompress.

Additional Notes:

Encourage regular active play & exercise.

Remain positive, & provide your child with positive feedback when warranted.

Seek additional help if needed! (Pediatrician, school counselor/nurse, etc.)

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15+ Proactive Anger Management Strategies for Children & Teens (Pathway2Success, 2023)

1. Make it normal for children & teens to talk about their feelings. Discuss feelings often!

2. Conduct an emotions check-in; make checking in with emotions a regular habit.

3. Utilize literature in discussing anger & potential coping strategies. Books can be amazing tools!

4. Teach & practice coping strategies to navigate potential solutions.

5. Provide a safe space to calm down/decompress.

6. & 7. Teach communication & problem-solving skills.

8. Practice & teach mindfulness techniques.

9. Take potential learning needs into consideration.

10. Play games to practice self-regulation.

11. & 12. Teach positive thinking skills & encourage growth.

13. Develop a coping strategies notebook to document progress.

14. Understand & plan for potential triggers of anger.

15. Incorporate movement/exercise regularly.

16. Teach emotion(al) recognition & provide breaks when necessary.

17. Model positive anger management skills/techniques.

18. Build confidence & foster challenge(s).

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Strong feelings of anger and frustration can cause kids and teens to shut down or even act out in aggressive ways. It goes without saying that this can become a challenge in the classroom, at home, or anywhere in a child's life. Kids and young adults might experience anger and frustration for a variety of reasons. They might feel frustrated when they can't solve a problem on their own. They might feel angry when they don't feel heard or listened to. These might feel like small challenges, but in the moment, they can be big for children and teens.

One important key in working through these challenges is remembering that anger isn't the issue. We ALL experience these emotions. They're normally and healthy to feel. What matters most is helping kids and teens learn how to manage that anger and frustration in healthy ways. Here are some strategies to help with that.

These are proactive anger management strategies. This means that they are supports to put in place before kids and teens are overwhelmed, angry, or upset. The idea is to teach and provide strategies well ahead of time so that kids can learn to manage those tough feelings on their own.

Let's face it: Learning to manage our emotions is a big job. It's not something that can be mastered quickly overnight. It's a long-term game, something that we're all working on even as adults. That's why we need multiple strategies to help kids struggling with managing their anger, frustration, and other strong feelings.

Tip: If you're looking for a resource to teach about anger specifically, you might want to check out my Anger Management Toolkit for Kids. It includes strategies help understand anger, recognize when it's coming, verbalize feelings, learn coping strategies, and reflect afterwards. I've included some pictures of it below, along with a bunch of freebies so you can get started with many of these strategies right away.

1. Make it normal to talk about feelings.

Discuss feelings often. Talk about them, discuss what they feel like, and come up with scenarios for when you might feel that way. This provides learners with a strong emotional vocabulary to handle their emotions, including anger and frustration.

Talking about emotions on a regular basis helps kids understand that it's okay to feel how we feel. You might say, "I feel angry and frustrated too sometimes. If I can't get something to work right on my computer, that might make me feel frustrated and upset." You can share what strategies you use, or encourage kids themselves to help. "What do you think I could do in the moment to help me?"

Make it a point to talk about talk about a variety feelings every single day.

2. Use an emotions check-in.

In order to deal with our feelings, we must first know what they are. Checking in with emotions means pausing and assessing how we feel in the moment. This can be especially tough for kids who struggle with self-regulation, since they can go from 0 to 100 quite fast.

Make checking in with emotions a regular every-day habit. You can do this with a free daily emotions check-in I've put together. It comes with a couple options so you can use the right check-in for your students.

3. Use literature to discuss anger and strategies.

Books can be a great tool to teach about our feelings. Use them as a read aloud and discuss our emotions as you go. Some stories to check out include:

Allie All Along by Sarah Lynne Reul

When Sophie Gets Angry- Really, Really Angry by Molly Bang

Llama Llama Mad at Mama by Anna Dewdney

When I Feel Angry by Cornelia Maude Spelman

Breathe and Be by Kate Coombs

4. Teach and practice coping strategies.

Coping strategies are one of the biggest solutions to managing tough emotions. The key is that these strategies need to be practiced beforehand when we are already calm. This seems counter-intuitive at first. Why would we practice deep breathing or coloring or exercising with kids when they are calm? The answer in that is actually how the brain works. Simply put, when we are emotionally upset or overwhelmed, our brains don't think clearly. This is because the limbic system in our brains takes over. And because of this, those coping strategies need to be second nature to us in order to use them effectively. This is why practicing coping strategies is critical.

Choose a coping strategy, discuss it, and practice it together. Make this a regular routine with a variety of skills like deep breathing, positive self-talk, practicing gratitude, exercising, and coloring. Use this free coping strategies list for more ideas to try with your students or grab these Coping Strategies ABC posters to hang around the room.

5. Provide a calm-down area.

I'm a believer that every classroom should have a calm-down area. A calm-down area is essentially a dedicated safe spot where kids can go to relax, use calm-down techniques, and get themselves back on track privately. As always, the goal is to calm down and return back to learning.

Not every single child is going to require using the calm-down space and that's perfectly fine. The point is that the kids who need it, really need it.

In setting up a calm-down area, some basic tools you might have include: coloring books, crayons, journal, books, visual timer, fidgets, and a bean bag chair. You can even add hands-on mindfulness tools like pinwheels, puzzles, and a breathing sphere.

6. Teach communication skills.

Teach students to use "I feel, I need" statements to express their emotions in healthy ways. These are simplified versions of I-statements that kids and teens can learn pretty quickly. An example might be: "I feel frustrated. I need to get a drink of water." Another example: "I feel angry. I need space to myself right now." The goal is to help kids and teens identify their emotions and something they need that would help them.

Another thing to mention is that spoken words aren't the only way we communicate. Experiment with teaching kids how to communicate in a journal or through drawing and art. It's helpful to find what works for every individual learner.

7. Teach problem-solving skills.

So often, kids and teens feel frustrated when they feel "stuck." They can't figure out questions on a quiz or they can't solve a conflict with a friend. Teaching problem-solving skills can help combat this.

Use social problem-solving scenarios to talk and work through problems with students. Try these social problems-solving cards to get started.

8. Practice mindfulness.

Practicing mindfulness can be one of the most helpful coping strategies to manage stress and cope with tough emotions on the spot. Some mindfulness techniques include mindful breathing, mindful coloring, positive affirmations, practicing gratitude, and mindful observance.

9. Consider learning needs.

If a student continues to struggle, it's always important to consider their learning needs and challenges. Consider touching base with the special education teacher, school counselor, and parents to share your concerns.

10. Play games to practice self-regulation.

Use games and play activities to build self-regulation skills. Some of my favorites include:

Simon Says - The leader will say what to do, such as, "Simon says stand on one foot!" Students should listen and complete the action as long as "Simon" says it. After a few, add in an example without Simon, such as, "Put your hands on your head." The goal is that students listen carefully and use self-regulation skills to act only when Simon says.

Freeze - Play some music and let kids move around. After some time, yell, "Freeze!" Students should stop exactly where they are. This can be challenging with the music still going.

Jenga - A classic game, use Jenga to practice going slowly and carefully. Remind kids to take their time, breathe slowly, and work at a careful pace.

Read about more self-regulation games to try here.

11. Teach positive thinking skills.

Positive thinking skills are not a magic wand but they sure can help kids and teens (and yes, even adults) manage our tough feelings in the moment. One of my favorite ways to teach positive self-talk and positive thinking is by incorporating it into your daily routine in the morning. Create a positive affirmation list, write it out, and read it each morning before starting the day.

12. Encourage a growth mindset.

Quite often for kids and teens, anger and frustration are rooted in not being able to do things they want to do. "I can't do this!" and "This is too hard!" are a couple phrases you might hear when kids are feeling angry. A growth mindset is something that can help with this in the long-term.

The idea behind a growth mindset is believing you can grow and improve with hard work and persistence.

Use these free Growth Mindset task cards to start the conversation.

13. Develop a coping strategies notebook.

A coping strategies notebook is a great tool because it both teaches coping strategies and provides support in the moment. To set up a coping strategies notebook, each child needs their own notebook. Then, add in strategies that they learn. For example, add a page for deep breathing and then practice together. You can even take a picture of your student performing that coping strategy and add the photo in as a visual reminder.

Later on, when the child is overwhelmed, they can get their coping strategies notebook and flip through to find a strategy for them.

Learn more about how to get started to make your own coping strategies notebook with your students.

14. Understand and plan for triggers.

Look for trends in how, when, and why students become frustrated and overwhelmed. There are often triggers we can find and plan for. For example, imagine a student becomes frustrated and angry during schedule changes. Perhaps that a teacher could chat with the student ahead of time when a schedule change is coming up to give a warning. The teacher could preview the schedule, discuss the changes, and answer questions the student may have. Of course, this doesn't always work out perfectly (changes pop up randomly sometimes), but just having knowledge of a trigger like this can help both adults and the student learn how to cope better.

15. Incorporate movement and exercise often.

Regular exercise can help improve mood and mental health. If we want kids and teens to do their best, we need to give ample opportunities for exercise during the school day and beyond.

16. Teach how to notice emotions early on.

If we recognize the early signs of anger, we can learn to pause ourselves and use strategies right away. Help kids start to notice the early physical effects of anger such as heart beating faster, palms sweating, and face getting red. Use this anger workbook to teach all about anger and how to manage it.

17. Provide brain breaks.

We all need breaks sometimes. Providing extra breaks during the day, especially between challenging tasks, can help serve as a proactive strategy for managing tough emotions. Some break breaks to try include:

18. Model positive anger management skills.

As adults, we need to be modeling positive anger management skills on a regular basis. Some strategies for this include staying calm in times of stress, engaging in coping strategies, and using think alouds during tough times.

19. Build confidence.

Kids need to feel good about themselves to do their best. Use strategies to boost confidence, such as giving responsibilities, reminding kids of their strengths, and tracking goals over time.

20. Give challenges.

Once students have some skills to work through feelings of frustration, provide challenges such as puzzles and brainteasers. These should be just challenging enough to help kids manage their frustration and build perseverance.

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15+ Proactive Anger Management Strategies for Children and Teens

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Strong feelings of anger and frustration can cause kids and teens to shut down or even act out in aggressive ways. It goes without saying that this can become a challenge in the classroom, at home, or anywhere in a child's life.

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Website #2: From The American Psychological Association

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Website #2: From The American Psychological Association

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Advice from Psychologists: How to Help Kids Cope with Anger & Frustration

As detailed by this article, to regulate emotions, parents/guardians must help children to verbalize their feelings without physically acting on them. Providing consistent consequences to negative actions serves as a key to achieving this. This article further recommends teaching children positive methods to regulate their emotions, helping kids to learn words that would better express their emotions, as well as delivering/calmly explaining the consequences of negative actions. Common mistakes in executing these recommendations are discussed, as well as what to do if aggressive behavior worsens/persists (Abrams, 2023).

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Here’s advice from psychologists on how to help kids cope with anger and frustration

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Helping children articulate their feelings without acting on them and providing consistent consequences can help them regulate emotions

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Website #3: From Denova Collaborative Health & Bayless Healthcare

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Website #3: From Denova Collaborative Health & Bayless Healthcare

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How to Deal With Anger Management Issues in Adolescents?

This short article serves as a resource for parents/guardians struggling with their adolescents' outbursts of anger. This article emphasizes that understanding your teenagers' anger is the key to determining a solution, & encourages readers to potentially reevaluate whether anger is the true source of the given problem. Strategies to help teenagers safely express their anger are additionally provided, with music & various creative outlets being some of several suggested (Bayless Healthcare, 2023).

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How to Deal With Anger Management Issues in Adolescents?

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Anger management for teenagers can help them better deal with these feelings & find better ways to express them. Read more here from denova Collaborative Healthcare!

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Anger Management for Kids: Teaching Emotional Regulation

This article identifies regular temper tantrums as an indicator that a child is struggling to control their emotions. Underlying causes for anger management issues are identified, as well as how this behavior presents itself across different age groups. Advice is additionally provided regarding parenting style & potential involvement of outside reinforcement (Marie, 2022).

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Regular temper tantrums could be a sign that your child is having difficulty controlling their emotions. Here's what could help.

When your child has a temper tantrum - whether at home or in public - it can be startling and disorienting to witness the amount of anger or rage coming from one tiny human. And when those tantrums start happening repeatedly, it can be concerning.

You wouldn't be alone in wondering what's causing those outbursts, whether you're reacting to them correctly, or if there is something else you could do to help your child.

Anger management techniques, when age-appropriate - which focus on emotional regulation - may help.

Your child could be angry or act aggressively for many reasons.

"Children are human beings having a human experience, just like adults," explains Brandi Garza, a counselor from Dallas who regularly works with children. Unlike adults, children don't have decades of experience handling their emotions.

When they get angry, it's easy for that emotion to take over and turn into a tantrum.

"The frontal lobe of their brain is truly half the size of a fully matured adult's," explains Garza. "This means that their impulsivity, decision-making, ability to rationalize and make logical, informed decisions is almost impossible."

All feelings, not just anger, are strong in childhood.

"The strong feelings are caused by a child needing to act out his or her emotions in order to feel better," explains Gayle Weill, a social worker with Alma who practices in Connecticut and New York.

While anger, in and of itself, isn't a "bad" emotion, it may be a sign that something else is going on, especially if you're noticing your child becoming more angry or aggressive than usual.

Here are some things that could be causing angry outbursts that may warrant intervention:

Bullying

Research suggests bullying can have a wide range of impacts on children, including making kids more likely to develop:

One found bullying may also impact brain development, causing children to be more prone to anger and aggression.

Behavior modeled at home

If a child sees adults arguing and fighting, they may copy that behavior - especially if they are exposed to anger and fighting as they're learning to talk.

Babies tend to feel stressed after witnessing an argument, which leads to increased crankiness or problems with sleep.

Once they become toddlers and start developing language skills, they can start mimicking the language, communication styles, and tone of voice of the adults in their lives. They may also have trouble calmly expressing their feelings.

A 2015 study posits that this happens because family discord can alter how kids' brains process emotions.

Abuse and trauma

Several studies have also shown that emotional and physical abuse can lead children to develop psychological symptoms, including a tendency toward anger and aggressive behavior.

Traumatic experiences may have similar impacts, too.

Mental health conditions

Anger and aggression can be symptoms of certain mental health conditions, too, including:

Appropriate emotional regulation strategies look different for different age groups. Here are some examples of what might work for each age group:

For preschool kids

"If a preschooler is yelling and throwing toys, this should be viewed as the child's way of expressing big feelings," explains Weill. "[They] cannot articulate in words the way an older child can."

It may be a good idea to model emotional regulation. In other words, try to respond with patience, empathy, and understanding. This will help them feel safe.

Then, you can try to show them how to calm down through your own actions. You might try to:

Change your child's environment. Alter their environment to make it more calming for them.

Communicate feelings with your child. Reflect on what you see your child doing and narrate it back to them. For example, you could say, "I see you're clenching your fists, I wonder if you're angry?" This helps your child name what they're feeling.

Ask them questions to help de-escalate. For example, you could say, "Can you tell me with your words what you are feeling?" to help them understand what you want them to do.

Count to 10 with them. Counting and taking slow, deep breaths together can have a calming effect.

Play education games with them. Play apps or games with them that teach emotional recognition or emotion management.

For elementary-aged kids

By now, children have more vocabulary to name what they are feeling, but you still play a big role in helping them continue developing those skills. Garza says, "reflecting or restating the behavior or perceived feeling is [still] incredibly powerful."

"Once a child seems to begin to calm down naturally - or perhaps with the encouragement of breathing - ask them if they want to talk," Garza adds.

Consider also teaching them coping skills or problem-solving skills to help avoid meltdowns, such as:

drawing their feelings of anger

reading books about calming down

learning triggers and using warnings or countdowns to help prepare them for the trigger

time outs or "thinking time"

praising them when they do calm down or manage their emotions appropriately

For teens

Hormonal changes common in adolescence can make some teens quick to anger.

"Teenagers and pre-teenagers are going through a lot both physically and emotionally," says Weill. "They are going through a developmental stage where they need to feel some level of independence while still knowing that they have adults in their lives who they can rely on."

That's why it's important for the adults in their lives to continue validating and listening to their feelings.

"If a teen is feeling understood, validated, and heard, they will be more open to learning skills for managing their feelings," Weill explains. "They too need to be taught how to recognize what their feelings are before reacting to them, and how to calm themselves down so that they can better regulate how they are feeling."

With this age group, physical exercise, deep breathing, and meditation are often effective tools for managing emotions.

In addition to the in-home techniques mentioned above, you can try a few other things more generally to help your child better cope with anger or any other strong emotions.

Parenting style

The authoritative parenting style can help your child develop emotional regulation skills. It's a style of parenting that is nurturing and supportive while also setting firm limits and expectations.

An authoritative parent will listen to a child's feelings, validate their disappointment, and enforce fair discipline and rules.

For example, if a child is throwing a tantrum at a park because they don't want to leave to go pick up their sister from dance class.

An authoritative parent might:

Validate their feelings. This might involve saying something like, "I know you're having a great time and are disappointed we have to leave soon."

Warn them beforehand. Tell their child what time they need to leave ahead of time, then give them warnings or countdowns to prepare.

Enforce the departure time. Do this even when the child pleads for 5 more minutes or has a meltdown.

Mindful parenting also works well in parallel to authoritative parenting or as its own parenting philosophy. This style is characterized by parents being fully in the moment with their children to truly understand their child and their actions.

Outside reinforcement

Children's anger management works best with consistent reinforcement from everyone - not just their parents. Teachers, family, peers, and mental health care professionals can all be part of that outside reinforcement.

Some children might benefit from attending support groups, for example, where they can meet other children who have similar issues regulating their emotions. These groups can help children learn coping skills from their peers and group moderators.

Others might benefit from seeing a therapist individually or attending family therapy with their parents. Some popular therapies include:

When your child gets angry or throws a tantrum, it can be stressful and, sometimes, scary.

But there are ways to help your child learn how to better control their emotions, so they're less likely to be aggressive.

While at-home strategies like modeling behavior can help, if you're feeling overwhelmed, you may find it helpful to have your child attend a support group or get help from a therapist.

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Anger Management for Children: Can You Teach Emotional Regulation?

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Your child or teen might experience frequent anger beyond their - or your - control. Here's what to expect at each developmental level plus anger coping skills.

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5 Ways to Teach Your Child Anger Management Skills (Morin, 2022)

How to Teach Your Child to Control Anger:

Differentiate between emotions & actions; label your feelings!

Model positive anger management skills.

Set rules for handling anger; center rules around behaving respectfully/kindly toward others.

Teach healthy coping strategies & problem-solving skills.

Utilize positive & negative consequences/punishments when necessary.

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Anger is a normal, healthy emotion. But many kids struggle to understand the difference between angry feelings and aggressive behavior. Frustration and anger can quickly turn into defiance, disrespect, aggression, and temper tantrums when kids don't know how to deal with their emotions.

When left unchecked, childhood aggression such as fighting, arguing, yelling, spitting, and teasing can lead to additional issues. For instance, anger and aggression have been linked to academic problems, peer rejections, and poor mental health in adulthood. For kids who have trouble taming their tempers, use these five strategies to teach anger management skills.

How to Teach Your Child to Control Anger

Distinguish between emotions and actions

Model anger management skills

Set rules for handling anger

Teach healthy coping skills

Use consequences

Differentiate Between Feelings and Behavior

Teach kids to label their feelings, so they can verbalize feelings of anger, frustration, and disappointment. Try saying, "It's OK to feel angry but it's not OK to hit." Help them see that they're in control of their actions when they feel angry.

Sometimes, aggressive behavior stems from a variety of uncomfortable feelings, like sadness or embarrassment. So, help your kids explore why they are feeling angry. Maybe they feel sad about a playdate being canceled, but they respond in anger because it's easier or it masks the hurt they're feeling.

Talking about feelings often and over time helps kids learn to recognize their feelings better.

Model Appropriate Anger Management Skills

The best way to teach children how to deal with anger is by showing them how you deal with your emotions when you feel angry. When kids watch you lose your temper, they'll likely do the same. But, if they see you cope with your feelings in a kinder, gentler way, they'll pick up on that, too.

Although it's important to shield your children from most adult problems, it's healthy to show them how you handle angry feelings. Point out times when you feel frustrated so your child understands that adults get mad sometimes too.

It's OK to say, "I'm angry that the car in front of us didn't stop to let those kids cross the street. But I'm going to stop so they can cross safely." Verbalizing your feelings will teach children to talk about their emotions.

Also, take responsibility for your behavior when you lose your cool in front of your kids. Apologize and discuss what you should have done instead. Say, "I am sorry that you had to see me yelling today when I was mad. I should have gone for a walk to cool off when I was angry instead of raising my voice."

Establish Anger Rules

Most families have unofficial family rules about what behavior is acceptable and what isn't when it comes to anger. Some families don't mind doors being slammed and voices being raised while other families have less tolerance for such behaviors. Create written household rules that outline your expectations.

Anger rules should center around behaving respectfully toward others.

Address areas such as physical aggression, name-calling, and destruction of property so that your children understand they can't throw things, break things, or lash out verbally or physically when they're mad.

Teach Healthy Coping Skills

Kids need to know appropriate ways to deal with their anger. Instead of being told, "Don't hit your brother," explain what they can do when they feel frustrated. Say, "Next time, use your words" or "Walk away from him when you feel angry."

You also can ask, "What could you do instead of hitting?" to help your child identify strategies that might be helpful. You also could create a calm down kit that can be used when they're upset.

Fill a box with items that can help them calm down, such as a coloring book and crayons, lotion that smells good, or soothing music. Engaging their senses can help calm their mind and body.

Use time-out as a tool to help your child calm down. Teach them that they can take a time-out before they get into trouble. Removing themselves from a situation and taking a few minutes to calm down can be really helpful for kids prone to anger.

Also, teach problem-solving skills so children learn to recognize that they can solve problems without resorting to aggression. Talk about ways to resolve conflict peacefully.

Offer Consequences When Necessary

Give your children positive consequences when they follow the anger rules and negative consequences when they break the rules. Positive consequences, such as a reward system or token economy system, can motivate a child to use anger management skills when they're upset.

Follow through with immediate consequences if your child becomes aggressive. Effective consequences may include time-outs, loss of privileges, or paying restitution by doing extra chores or loaning a toy to the target of their aggression.

A Word From Verywell

It's normal for kids to struggle to manage their anger at times. But, with your guidance, your child's skills should improve. When kids struggle to get their anger under control, or their anger problems seem to be getting worse, it's important to seek professional help. A trained professional can rule out any underlying mental health problems and can offer assistance in creating a behavior management plan.

Additional Reading

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How to Teach Kids Anger Management Skills

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Teaching a child anger management strategies helps reduce behavior problems like aggression and defiance. Learn how to teach kids these skills.

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YouTube Video #1: From Mental Health Center Kids

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YouTube Video #1: From Mental Health Center Kids

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Anger Management Techniques For Kids - Strategies To Calm Down When Your Temper Rises

This video details/provides anger-management coping skills for both kids & teens, including relaxation, distraction, movement/physical, thinking, & communication skills to help manage anger (Mental Health Center Kids, 2023).

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Anger Management Techniques For Kids - Strategies To Calm Down When Your Temper Rises

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Staying Calm When I'm Angry

As relayed in the description of this video, we all feel angry/mad at times! This video serves as a simple educational resource, as it helps kids learn how they can keep both their bodies & minds at ease when feeling angry (Everyday Speech, 2021).

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Anger Management for Kids!

This video provides context into the definition/meaning of anger, how anger affects a child, & offers 4 positive ways to cope with anger (Mylemarks, 2021).

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Abrams, Z. (2023, January 11). Here’s advice from psychologists on how to help kids cope with anger and frustration. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/parenting/managing-preschool-aggression

Bayless Healthcare. (2023, February 24). How to deal with anger management issues in adolescents. Denova Collaborative Health. https://www.baylesshealthcare.com/how-to-deal-with-anger-management-issues-in-adolescents/

Everyday Speech. (2021, August 17). Staying calm when I’m angry [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWCmOsxcHEg.

King-White, D. (2023, June 1). Anger in children: Signs, causes, and treatments. Choosing Therapy. https://www.choosingtherapy.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Causes-and-Triggers-of-Anger-in-Children.png.

Marie, S. (2022, May 2). Anger management for children: Can you teach emotional regulation. Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/health/anger-management-for-kids

Mental Health Center Kids. (2023, April 10). Anger management techniques for kids - Strategies to calm down when your temper rises [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxxpDF45TPA.

Morin, A. (2022, September 29). How to teach kids anger management skills. Verywell Family. https://www.verywellfamily.com/ways-to-teach-your-child-anger-management-skills-1095010

Mylemarks. (2021, February 9). Anger management for kids [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_FMxPo4xDM.

NHS. (2023, April 24). Helping your child with anger issues. NHS choices. https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/children-and-young-adults/advice-for-parents/help-your-child-with-anger-issues

Pathway2Success. (2023, February 14). 15+ Proactive anger management strategies for children and teens. The Pathway 2 Success. https://www.thepathway2success.com/15-proactive-anger-management-strategies-for-children-and-teens/