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Upcycling 'fast fashion' to reduce waste and pollution

*Credibility: medium- article

-This would be used as a solution to the “throwaway culture”.

1. Explains the benefits of upcycling used garments and using more eco-friendly materials in the production of clothing.

2. “‘A better strategy’, says Herbert Sixta, Ph.D., who heads the biorefineries research group at Aalto University, ‘is to upcycle worn-out garments: We want to not only recycle garments, but we want to really produce the best possible textiles, so that recycled fibers are even better than native fibers.’”

“Lyocell is also known by the brand name Tencel, which is a fiber favored by eco-conscious designers because it's made of wood pulp.  Building on this process, the researchers wanted to see if they could apply the same ionic liquid to cotton-polyester blends.”

3. Perspectives: The companies, scientists, and researchers pushing for these important changes to be made.

Lenses: culture (throwaway culture)

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Upcycling cloth waste into high fashion through traditional indian handloom

*Credibility: medium- article

1. Explains the issue with fast fashion waste and gives a solution to it.

2. “Large textile hubs in the country can produce up to 45,000 meters of fabric waste on a daily basis. But, in the middle of this chaos, a Delhi-based design house is playing a small and significant role in fighting this sea of textile waste” ("Upcycling Cloth," 2021).

3. Perspectives: the researchers concerned with fast fashion companies and the companies working to fix the issues.

Lenses: throwaway culture

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Sustainability - news: Preparations geared up to control garment waste ending up in landfills

*Credibility: medium- article

1. Gives a solution to the waste issue resulting from the throwaway culture.

2. “Within a year, Moda Re, which already runs a garment re-use and recycling charity, plans to double the volume it handles to 40,000 metric tonnes annually at the sorting centre.”

3. Perspectives: Moda Re company and the researchers

Lenses: throwaway culture

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SHEIN AND FOREVER 21 TEAM UP IN HOPES OF EXPANDING REACH OF BOTH fast-fashion RETAILERS

*Credibility: medium- article

1. Talks about the expansion of large fast fashion companies around the world, like SHEIN.

2. “Under a partnership agreement announced Thursday, the Chinese-founded Shein will acquire about one-third interest in Sparc Group, Forever 21’s operator. Sparc will also become a minority shareholder in Shein.  The deal is expected to expand Forever 21’s distribution on Shein’s global e-commerce platform, which has attracted 150 million online users.”

“Forever 21 has more than 540 locations worldwide and online.”

3. Perspectives: large fast fashion companies

Lenses: culture

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China and italy: Fast fashion versus prêt à porter. towards a new culture of fashion

*Credibility: high-academic journal

1. Talks about China and Italy creating a new culture of fast fashion.

2. “In general, northern Italian companies come to China to have goods produced for themselves or for others, while single entrepreneurs from southern Italy are usually only involved in buying specific goods for export to Italy. In the realm of textiles, the relationship between the Italians and the Chinese is characterized by much ambivalence and some controversy, especially at the moment, as a complicated puzzle of production and consumption principles is replacing the traditional relationship between the country that is the “exploiter” and that which is “exploited,” characteristic of a typical capitalist system” (Reinach, 2005, p. 44).

3. Perspectives: fast fashion companies in China and Italy.

Lenses: culture

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Examining generation Z consumer online fashion resale participation and continuance intention through the lens of consumer perceived value

*Credibility: high- academic journal

1. Talks about what fast fashion is, why is is popular among younger people, the impact of fast fashion, benefits of sustainability, and how people’s values relates to consumption.

2. “Fashion online resale refers to the process of buying and selling pre-owned fashion items over the Internet. This phenomenon has gained significant popularity in recent years, particularly among younger consumers who are interested in sustainability and fashion affordability.”

“Although the impact of the fashion industry on the environment has become increasingly notorious, older generations remain less likely to engage in sustainable fashion practices. Kapferer and Michaut-Denizeau [2] found that younger generation consumers were more likely to be interested in sustainability in fashion consumption compared to Boomers and Generation Xers.”

“Personal values and beliefs play a crucial role in shaping individual consumption preferences.”

3. The people purchasing fast fashion and the researchers.

Lenses: culture and throwaway culture

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The impact of social media marketing, perceived quality and brand awareness on consumer's brand loyalty in pakistan

*Credibility: high- academic journal

1. Describes how companies use social media to attract more buyers and promote products, while using ads to cater to people’s wants and desires.

2. “Companies can endorse products and services and build a virtual community of brand advocates via numerous channels of social media which includes social networking sites, blogs, online gaming sites, news sites and forums etc.”

“Organizations these days stay responsive to the impending necessity directed towards the development of proximate connection with their customers encouraging communication.”

3. Perspectives: people researching these tactics and the companies themselves.

Lenses: social media impact

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Marketing tactics for sustainable fashion and the circular economy: The impact of ethical labels on fast fashion choice

*Credibility: high- academic journal

1. Explains how advertising and labeling affects the purchase intention of garments.

2. “The presence of a Tearfund label promoted significantly higher fast-fashion garment purchase intention, whatever ethical status the label was indicating. Thus, the rating label did significantly influence fast-fashion garment purchase intention, but not in any useful way” (Hamlin & McNeill, 2023).

3. Perspectives: the companies using this method.

Lenses: culture

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Fast fashion giant shein to increase focus on sustainability

*Credibility: medium- article

1. Talks about steps SHEIN is taking to help with the problem of fashion waste by reselling clothes.

2. “Tang also mentioned Shein Exchange, the company’s platform where shoppers can resell used clothes, which launched in the US in October and aims to start in other markets this year” ("Fast Fashion," 2023).

3. Perspectives: SHEIN (who is trying to become a little more sustainable through this method) and the people in favor of this resell push.

Lenses: social media impact and throwaway culture

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Roles of brand benefits and relationship commitment in consumers; Social media behavior around sustainable fashion

*Credibility: high- academic journal

1. Talks about a positive side of the influences on social media of fashion, when promoting safer and healthier alternatives like sustainable fashion.

2. “Results from a survey of sustainable fashion brand followers on Instagram showed that eWOM positively related with economic benefits and negatively with warm glow and green benefits”(Choi & Ahn, 2023).

3. Perspectives: people pushing for fashion to become more sustainable and the social media platforms.

Lenses: social media impact

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The influence of social media and sustainability advocacy on the purchase intention of filipino consumers in fast fashion

*Credibility: high- academic journal

1. Explains how people put buying items like clothing, more important than basic necessities.

2. “Despite the shortage in water supply and disposal issues of fast fashion, people still continue to purchase. The lack of awareness of consumers on sustainable fashion consumption led the researchers to conduct a study that aims to identify factors affecting Filipino consumers’ buying decisions on fast fashion using the combined theory of planned behavior, elaboration likelihood model, and hedonic motivation” (Cayaban et al., 2023).

3. Perspective: the researchers learning about this data and the people who participate in compulsive buying.

Lenses: Culture and throwaway culture

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The hidden costs behind cheap clothing: Addressing fast fashion's environmental and humanitarian impact

*Credibility: high- academic journal

1. Talks about the new culture of fashion in which when something becomes popular, everyone buys/wears it, and when something goes out of style people get rid of it/stop wearing it. Also describes how quickly fashion trends come and go on social media.

2. “Because fast fashion companies cater to consumer demand and fashion fads, fast fashion is faster than ever before, and the market is only expected to grow as media development continues. With the popularity of social media platforms like TikTok, where trends last roughly a week, it makes sense that fashion fads are both starting and ending more quickly” (Bernard, 2023).

3. Perspectives: the researchers, fashion industries, and social media platforms.

Lense: social media impact and culture

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Impact of social media influencers on customer engagement and purchase intention: A meta-analysis

*Credibility: high- academic journal

1. Describes how social media influencers have one of the biggest impacts on fast fashion, “influencing” what people by and what becomes popular.

2. “Users of social media tend to view social media influencers who are knowledgeable in their specific fields as more convincing and authentic than general celebrity endorsements on social media and in conventional ads” (Ao et al., 2023).

3. Perspectives: the researchers collecting this data and the social media influencers along with the people that follow the influencers.

Lense: Social media influence