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Missouri applied for statehood which could upset slave/free state balance. Henry clay helped people make a compromise, Maine is free, Missouri is a slave state.

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Andrew Jackson was president from 1828-1836. Jackson supported the Tariff of 1828.

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South Carolina Exposition and Protest of 1828

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South Carolina Exposition and Protest of 1828

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Written by Vice President John C. Calhoun, from South Carolina. Claimed it was a state right to declare laws as unconstitutional and void through a special convention. It was a threat against the unity of the U.S. and the exclusive right of the Supreme Court to decide the constitutionally of a law.

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In 1832, Congress passed another tariff Which SC nullified. John C. Calhoun became SC Senator.

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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo gave western land to the U.S. completed Manifest Destiny.The debate over slave and free status starts with the discovery of gold in California.

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The compromise had 5 parts:

California entered as a free state.

Slave trade outlawed in Washington D.C.

The remaining land ceceded from Mexico into 2 large territories - Utah and New Mexico - let the people people who live there decide by popular sovereignty.

Pay Texas $10 mil for giving up some land claims to New Mexico.

Strengthen the existing Fugitive Slave Act.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe 1854

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Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe 1854

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Written in response to the Fugitive Slave Law. Increase sympathy for some slaves. Second most popular book.

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There were urgent demands to organize the western territories as a result of the Gold Rush, Land acquired from the Mexican-American War.

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Northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders moved to Kansas. They began fighting with each other over popular sovereignty.

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Deed Scott was a slave who was taken into free territory.

Dred Scott felt that he was free since he lived in a free territory and sued to maintain freedom. Supreme Court says that African Americans are not citizens, and cannot sue the court.

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John Brown, a white man, wanted to arm slaves for a slave rebellion. Failed miserably at acquiring weapons. Heightened Sectionalism.

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Comes from state rights. The U.S.A. has a confederation of states, not a union. Says that states have more power than the federal government.