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and asked for separate electorates for Muslims

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grant separate electorates for Muslims

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Should Untouchables (Dalit) "count" as Hindus? An internal debate that leaked out causing an uproar because this question determined Hindu demographic power within the constitution

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1930-31 Second Roundtable Conference in London

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1930-31 Second Roundtable Conference in London

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Both Gandhi and Ambedkar claimed to represent Untouchables. Ambedkar argued for political safeguards (separate electorates) as necessary to protect Dalits, whereas, Gandhi objected to separate electorates for Dalits which he believed threatened Indian unity

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gave separate electorates to Untouchables (Dalit) which would have went into effect in 1935

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eliminated separate electorates for Untouchables after Gandhi's "fast to the death" which Ambedkar viewed as "moral/political blackmail"

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Jinnah's plan to protect minorities (Muslim-minority provinces in UP and Hindu-minority provinces in Punjab and Bengal)

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founded by Ambedkar

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Jinnah's solution of "Hindustan": Muslim-minority provinces, including UP and "Pakistan": Hindu-minority provinces, including Punjab and Bengal balanced within a united India with a weak center

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two states, strengthened majorities (opposite of Jinnah's plan)

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Ambedkar and many Dalit supporters converted en masse to Buddhism