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On April 12, 1861, at 4:30 AM, the first shots of the Civil War rang out. The Confederates attack the Union-held Fort Sumter in South Carolina. The attack lasted an astonishing 34 hours. The next day, the Union surrendered, and the Confederates won the first battle of the Civil War. After the battle, President Lincoln gets 75,000 volunteers to enlist for 90 days. 4 states also seceded from the Union: Tennessee, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Virginia.

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President Abraham Lincoln wanted to cut off supplies coming into Georgia, so, General Winfield Scott came up with the Anaconda plan. It involved creating a blockade from the strong northern navy to cut off supplies from Britain. Although, in the beginning, the blockade was not very successful as few Blockade Runners succeded. However, the turning point of this plan was that Fort Pulaski was successfully destroyed by the North giving the Anaconda Plan a chance. One success of the blockade was the control of the port city, Savannah, hurting the heart of the Confederacy, Georgia. The more Georgia was hurt, the less supplies the confederacy would have, ending this war quicker.

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Confederate-held Fort Pulaski was attacked in 1862 by the Union. The destruction of this fort completed the Union Blockade also known as the Anaconda Plan. This also helped the North prevent the trade of supplies with Great Britain.

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The Emancipation Proclamation was written by President Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Antietam. The document stated that slaves in the Confederate states would be freed on January 1, 1863. However, slaves in the Union states wouldn't be free at this date. This meant that if the Confederate states surrendered before this date, they could keep their slaves. This document also was strategically planned out and HELPED end slavery in the US after the war.

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The Battle of Chickamauga was a multiple-day battle lasting between September 18-20 in the year 1863. The battle's purpose was to capture Chattanooga, a railroad hub. This was a smaller goal in a big plot in the capture of Atlanta, a highly valuable target for the North. However, The Battle of Chickamauga resulted in the second bloodiest battle in the Civil War and the bloodiest battle in Georgia. The casualty count was at a high 34,000 for both sides.

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Led by General William T. Sherman, he and his Union army marched into the city of Atlanta. The goal of this grand series of battles was to take out the railroads and the city itself because it contained most of the industry of the South. These battles also took 4 and a half MONTHS. It was a cycle of General Sherman and his army forcing the Confederate armies to retreat whilst getting closer to the city. On September 2, 1864, General John B. Hood retreated from the constant cannon fire from General Sherman. After General Hood retreated, General Sherman ordered his troops to set fires in the city. This left Atlanta in crippling ruins and a burning mess as well as the railroads. This was a supply hub for the Confederacy and allowed the Confederate army to become unsupplied and break apart. This was a major turning point and a main cause of the ending of the war a year later.

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On November 16, 1864, General Sherman wanted to end the war quickly and decided to enforce a "total war" strategy. This involved destroying anything in his path on the way to the port city, Savannah. He burned, houses, took down cities, took food, valuables, and all in an attempt to break the will of the South. Needless to say, he succeeded and carved a path of destruction about 60 miles wide and about 300 miles long. Once he reached his destination, Savannah surrendered immediately without any hassle. He took Savannah as a "gift" to Lincoln. Note that this took place on December 22, the time around Christmas.

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Andersonville Prison is a notorious southern prison for Union soldiers during the Civil War. Around 13,000 men died in the prison due to disease and shortage of food. The reason was that the capacity for the prison was 10,000. However, in 1864, the number of prisoners skyrocketed to 30,000. This caused mass overcrowding causing human waste to be disposed of everywhere and contaminating the water supply. This explained the high spread of disease in the prison. The overcrowding also caused a shortage of food just due to the sheer number of prisoners. Another point of interest is a group of prisoners during that time called the raiders who took resources from others to survive. Although, later, the prisoners were rescued and the captain of the prison was hanged along with a few members of the raiders.

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The Freedmen's Bureau was an organization designed to help freed African Americans and poor whites after the Civil War. The organization provided them with food and other necessities as well. They helped build up schools for freed Africans and also supervised African Americans' legal disputes and labor contracts. They were also the first to create the first public school program for blacks or whites.

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The 13th Amendment officially banned slavery in the US. However, if someone was convicted of a crime, they could have involuntary servitude as a punishment. This rule of the 13th was abused and many African Americans were being convicted for a small crime but in involuntary servitude for a long time as the punishment.

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The Ku Klux Klan first started in Tennessee in 1867. it started as a social club. It was loosely governed and was made up of Confederate veterans. As time went on, they became more political and violent. They used intimidation against freed blacks and white Republicans. The Klan also used physical violence and murder to get their message across. They did this for African Americans to stop voting and running for office. Wanted to establish social control over freed blacks and the whites who wanted to help them. The democrats gained control of Georgia politics and most were members of the KKK. After this, white supremacy and racial segregation were normal in the South. The KKK disbanded around 1871 which allowed for Congress to strike. Congress passed the Force Act of 1870, but the Civil Rights Act was still supportive of the arrest of the members of the KKK. After this, the Klan went underground until 1915.

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During Congressional Reconstruction, black codes were restricting freed African Americans. These black codes did not allow African Americans to have a position in government, or let them have voting rights. Therefore, the Union forced the Confederate states to ratify the 14th Amendment (which allowed freed African Americans the same rights as any white citizen) to be readmitted into the Union. If they didn't want to they would have their statehood taken away. An example of this was Georgia. They refused to ratify the 14th Amendment, were taken over by the military, and were run by the military governors, John Pope and George Meade. The state then held a Constitutional Convention in Atlanta that created black voting rights, moved the capital to Atlanta, and allowed more public schools. After the convention, Rufus Bullock was elected governor, and the Republicans controlled the General Assembly. After this, however, Georgia also needed to vote into passage for the 15th Amendment which it did in 1870 and also reinstated the Republican and black legislators. This allowed for Georgia to finally be readmitted into the Union.

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During the Reconstruction period, freed African American men gained political rights, including the right to vote. Also, 32 black legislators were elected to the Georgia General Assembly. However, this was only temporary. Soon after, black legislators were being expelled from their seats and also received threats from the KKK. The others who did not leave were harassed and went through many hardships. A quarter of the legislators were also beaten, jailed, or killed by the KKK. However, they still contributed to society and the black legislators called for free general public education in Georgia.

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After the Civil War, many African Americans were freed. However, they were still disrespected and treated as if they were slaves. Therefore, the 14th Amendment gave citizenship rights, equal protection of the law, and other basic human rights to a white US citizen. This only held back some of the hate for African Americans since they were still very much disrespected even after the passing of this amendment.

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The 15th Amendment was needed to give voting rights to formerly enslaved African Americans. However, this only applied to men of all colors. White and black women still couldn't vote.

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After the Civil War, the nation was in a great deal of debt. Landowners couldn't pay their workers, and the workers were unable to find landowners that could pay. Therefore, a system was made. landowners would provide anything the laborer needed, and the laborer would work. The laborer also gave a certain portion of the crops. Most of the time, the laborers ended up in debt because they needed to buy certain things from the landowners. The landowners came up with this system to keep the idea of economic equality behind. The laborers were mostly poor, illiterate blacks and whites who didn't own land. The difference between sharecropping and tenant farming was that tenant farmers brought items into the labor contract while sharecroppers brought only their labor into the contract. However, the system fell apart due to poor whites and blacks migrating further west and advances in technology.