# data[].attributes.body
Year: 1971

What did it accomplish?

It required that the state has to evaluate and place all students ages 6-21 with mental disabilities in an educational setting that is proper, funded and public.

What makes it unique?

It was one of the first cases to mark that people born with a disability should have the same access to an education as everyone else.

What are the benefits?

It is benefiting the student because they are able to get the same education as their peers and to be treated normally. This can also benefit the parent because it can take off the stress they may have around their child being treated poorly due to their disability.

Impact and Pillar:

LRE- Students need to be in the least restrictive environment in order for them to thrive. \

The impact on special education would be that students with disabilities are now able to get a free and appropriate education.

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Rowley Case

Year: 1982

What did it accomplish?

The court ruled that schools should not have to maximize the potential for students with disabilities, but they must supply and IEP for students with disabilities to better their education.

Why is it unique?

It set a standard for a meaningful educational experience rather than maximizing the experience for those with disabilities.

Benefits:

It supplied schools with a standard of services that they must have for students with disabilities.

Pillar: IEP

Impact?

It shaped the legal framework for the benefits that schools must provide for students with disabilities.

# data[].attributes.headline
Daniel R.R. vs. State Board of Education

# data[].attributes.subject
Daniel R.R. vs. State Board of Education

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Daniel R.R. Case

Year: 1989

What did it accomplish?

It clarified the definition of FAPE. It put an emphasis on how a student's education program must meet their individual needs.

What makes it unique?

It helped to further define FAPE.

Benefits:

It made sure services are implicated in the benefit of the student.

Pillar: FAPE

Impact on Special Education:

It provided a clearer definition for FAPE and put importance on individulization.

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Oberti Case

Year: 1993

What did it accomplish?

It was able to reaffirm the IDEA ruling. It also established to test if keeping a student out of the regular classroom was beneficial or not.

What makes it unique?

The Oberti test is now used in all schools to determine the matter.

What are the benefits?

It benefits the student because it tests to see where they can learn better to ensure they are getting the correct education in order for them to thrive.

Pillar:

Appropriate Evaluation

Impact on Special Education:

It put an emphasis on educating students with disabilities alongside their other classmates.

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Garret F. Case

Year: 1999

What did it accomplish?

It established the need of medical services, such as intermittent catheterization as a medical service under IDEA.

What makes it unique?

It addresses the issue around if schools needed to provide medical issues for students who need them as a part of their special education services.

What are the benefits?

It gave students the access to the proper medical care.

Pillar: Related Services

Impact on Special Education:

It gave a better understanding on related services in IDEA.

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Rehabilitation Act

Year: 1973

What did it accomplish?

It defined a person with a disability as someone who has a physical or mental impairment that can harm daily life. It also prohibited discrimination aganist people with disabilities.

What makes it unique?

It was the first law to address discrimination against those with disabilities.

What are the benefits?

It protects students from discrimination.

Pillar: Least Restrictive Environment

Impact on Special Education:

It set that individuals with disabilities should not be discriminated.

# data[].attributes.body
Name: ADA

Year: 1990

What did it accomplish?

It gave each student with a disability comprehensive civil rights protection.

What makes it unique?

Students with disabilities have equal access to employment.

What are the benefits?

It provides legal protection.

Pillar: Least Restrictive Environment

Impact on Special Education:

It extended anti-discrimination into later life.

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Name: ADAAA

Year: 2008

What did it accomplish?

It gave a broader definition for disabilities.

What makes it unique?

It overturned the Supreme Court's ruling of the definition of disability.

What are the benefits?

It helped to strengthen the protections in ADA

Pillar: Equal opportunities

Impact on Special Education:

It gave a broader definition of disability.

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Education for All Handicapped Children Act

Year: 1975

What did it accomplish?

It mandated free and appropriate public education for student's with disabilities. It required schools to devlop IEP's to meet the student's needs.

What makes it unique?

It was the first law to outline the rights of students with disabilities.

What are the benefits?

Students now have set rights.

Pillar: FAPE and LRE

Impact on Special Education:

It set a legal framework to ensure that students with disabilities get the services and practices that they need.

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1986

Year: 1986

What did it accomplish?

It authorized a new preschool program for children 3-5. It also brought about an early intervention for handicapped infants and toddlers.

Why is it unique?

It brought about the early intervention for preschoolers.

What are the benefits?

Children are able to get early intervention starting at 3.

Pillar: Appropriate Evaluation and Early Intervention

Impact on Special Education:

IDEA has been expanded to address needs of infants and toddlers.

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Name: Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1990

Year: 1990

What did it accomplish?

The name of the legislation changed to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Autism and traumatic brain injury can be identified as discrete disability categories. Rehabilitation counseling and social work are considered related services.

Why is it unique?

It changed the wording of the original law.

What are the benefits?

It expanded the definitions of disabilities. It benefits the student because it required that they have an ITP worked into their IEP by age 16.

Pillar: Related services and IEP

Impact on Special Education:

It helped to contribute to the expanding evolution of IDEA.

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Name: IDEA Amendments of 1997

Year: 1997

What did it accomplish?

Students with disabilities are required to participate in state and districtwide assessments. Students with disabilities are to be included with the regular education program. Students expelled or suspended from school are still entitled to receive services that go along with their IEP.

Why is it unique?

It allowed students, even when suspended, to have acces to their services.

What are the benefits?

Students are always getting the proper interventions and services needed in order to thrive.

Pillar: FAPE

Impact on Special Education:

It created more of a collaboration between the special education and general education.

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Name: Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

Year: 2004

What did it accomplish?

This act increased the focus on accountability. It also improved outcomes by emphasizing reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction.

Why is it unique?

It allows school personnel to consider unique circumstances on a case-by-case basis when deciding whether a change in placement would be appropriate.

What are the benefits?

IDEA has increased the focus of special education from ensuring access to education to improving the educational performance of students with disabilities and aligning special education services with the larger national school improvement efforts that include standards, assessments, and accountability.

Pillar: IEP

Impact on Special Education:

It aligned special education with the broader education efforts.

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Name: No Child Left Behind Act

Year: 2001

What did it accomplish?

It changed the federal government's role in kindergarten through grade 12. It requires schools to demonstrate their success in terms of the academic achievement of every student

Why is it unique?

It is an act to close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice.

What are the benefits?

All students are getting the same education, regardless of disability. Each state in the US got to develop their own standards.

Pillar: Zero Reject and No Child Left Behind

Impact on Special Education:

It showed how there needs to be equity when it comes to education.