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The first successful American newspaper was the Boston News-Letter. It started in 1704 and was the only one in the colonies until 1719. After that competitors like the Boston Gazette and American Weekly Mercury appeared. By 1740, there were a total of 16 newspapers in the colonies that were being published weekly. These newspapers had their own stigma and were often run by printers, postmasters, or booksellers. They usually printed two pages, with foreign news first, followed by news from other colonies, local updates, and ads. Other printed materials, like almanacs and pamphlets, also shared news and opinions in America at the time.

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The Penny Press started in 1833 when Benjamin Day created “The Sun" a New York City newspaper that sold for just one cent, much cheaper than the usual six cents. Mr. Day targeted the working class, these individuals couldn't afford expensive newspapers, which made his paper easy to buy by using newsboys to sell it on the streets. Although The Sun sometimes published outrageous stories, like the “Moon Hoax,” which helped the newspaper become very popular. This success led to other penny newspapers like “The Herald” and “The Tribune”, really making news affordable for more people and changing American journalism.

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The Penny Press was the term used to describe the revolutionary business tactic of producing newspapers which sold for one cent. The Penny Press is generally considered to have started in 1833, when Benjamin Day founded The Sun, a New York City newspaper.

Day, who had been working in the printing business, started a newspaper as a way to salvage his business. He had nearly gone broke after losing much of his business during a local financial panic caused by the cholera epidemic of 1832.

His idea of selling a newspaper for a penny seemed radical at a time when most newspapers sold for six cents. And though Day merely saw it as a business strategy to salvage his business, his analysis touched upon a class divide in society. Newspapers that sold for six cents were simply beyond the reach of many readers.

Day reasoned that many working class people were literate, but were not newspaper customers simply because no one had published a newspaper targeted to them. By launching The Sun, Day was taking a gamble. But it proved successful.

Besides making the newspaper very affordable, Day instituted another innovation, the newsboy. By hiring boys to hawk copies on street corners, The Sun was both affordable and readily available. People wouldn't even have to step into a shop to buy it.

Influence of The Sun

Day did not have much of a background in journalism, and The Sun had fairly loose journalistic standards. In 1834 it published the notorious "Moon Hoax," in which the newspaper claimed scientists had found life on the moon.

The story was outrageous and proven to be utterly false. But instead of the ridiculous stunt discrediting The Sun, the reading public found it entertaining. The Sun became even more popular.

The success of The Sun encouraged James Gordon Bennett, who had serious journalistic experience, to found The Herald, another newspaper priced at one cent. Bennett was quickly successful and before long he could charge two cents for a single copy of his paper.

Subsequent newspapers, including the New York Tribune of Horace Greeley and the New York Times of Henry J. Raymond, also began publication as penny papers. But by the time of the Civil War, the standard price of a New York City newspaper was two cents.

By marketing a newspaper to the widest possible public, Benjamin Day inadvertently kicked off a very competitive era in American journalism. As new immigrants came to America, the penny press provided very economical reading material. And the case could be made that by coming up with a scheme to save his failing printing business, Benjamin Day had a lasting impact on American society.

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Startling Price Cut to a Penny Made Newspapers Available to Everyone

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The Penny Press was the term used to describe the revolutionary business tactic of producing newspapers which sold for one cent. The Penny Press is generally considered to have started in 1833, when Benjamin Day founded The Sun, a New York City newspaper.

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Yellow journalism started in the 1890s when two New York City newspapers named “The Wrold” and “The Journal”, competed to get more customers and overall readers. Joseph Pulitzer, owner of The World, used dramatic and eye-catching stories to attract attention. Then William Randolph Hearst bought the Journal and tried to outdo Pulitzer by being even more popularity, including stealing Pulitzer's cartoonist, Richard Outcault, who created “The Yellow Kid”  comic. This fierce competition between the papers led to the term "yellow journalism." While this style faded by the early 1900s it influenced modern media, including TV and the Internet, with things like big headlines and colorful images.

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yellow journalism, the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the and the .

Joseph Pulitzer had purchased the New York World in 1883 and, using colourful, sensational reporting and crusades against political corruption and social injustice, had won the largest newspaper circulation in the country. His supremacy was challenged in 1895 when William Randolph Hearst, the son of a California mining tycoon, moved into New York City and bought the rival Journal. Hearst, who had already built the San Francisco Examiner into a hugely successful mass-circulation paper, soon made it plain that he intended to do the same in New York City by outdoing his competitors in sensationalism, crusades, and Sunday features. He brought in some of his staff from San Francisco and hired some away from Pulitzer's paper, including Richard F. Outcault, a cartoonist who had drawn an immensely popular comic picture series, The Yellow Kid, for the Sunday World. After Outcault's defection, the comic was drawn for the World by George B. Luks, and the two rival picture series excited so much attention that the competition between the two newspapers came to be described as "yellow journalism." This all-out rivalry and its accompanying promotion developed large circulations for both papers and affected American journalism in many cities.

The era of yellow journalism may be said to have ended shortly after the turn of the 20th century, with the World's gradual retirement from the competition in sensationalism. Some techniques of the yellow journalism period, however, became more or less permanent and widespread, such as banner headlines, coloured comics, and copious illustration. In other media, most notably television and the Internet, many of the sensationalist practices of yellow journalism became more commonplace.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Brian Duignan.

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Yellow journalism | Definition, History, & Facts

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Yellow journalism, the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal.

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Journalism today is very different from how it used to be, because there are so many more ways to get news. For example, social media and websites have slowly started to take over the “newspaper” industry. The internet makes it very easy to share news quickly with lots of people. While there are still journalists covering general world events, there are now also specialists focusing on specific topics, like finance or technology. Even though journalism has changed a lot, its main purpose is still the same: to allow individuals to access information so they can stay informed and updated on what is currently happening in the world around them.

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What Is Journalism And Why Does It Matter In Today's World?

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Journalism is a concept most of us are relatively familiar with. In fact, according to some reports, the first instance of "journalism" as a concept dates back to 1476, when a rudimentary printing press emerged. We've grown up constantly exposed to different kinds of journalism, from the news stories reported on our television sets and radios [...]Read More...