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https://www.canva.com/design/DAGg_-5pUgc/sI7fwO7JdrKc4ttECHpn-g/edit?utm_content=DAGg_-5pUgc&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton

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Sec 2 Sociology Week 8_Student Presentations

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Leaflet.com

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structuralist tend to broke down macro scale things, such as human experience into simple elements and explain how does these small elements shapes individuals behaviors. Human experience are considered by structuralist as shaped by various underlying social forces, as well as languages and cultural implications.

Structuralist proposed the binary opposition, suggesting the Essential components of human society. Additionally, structuralist also view human society as universal and doesn’t have a single causation but diverse factors within it.

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Raelynn, Charlize, Nicole Cherish, Milan, Michael

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Raelynn, Charlize, Nicole Cherish, Milan, Michael

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Correlation: A statistical relationship between two variables where they tend to move together, but one does not necessarily cause the other and change together. It does not explain deeply about the problems but identifies them.

Causation: A direct cause-and-effect relationship where one variable directly influences the other. It sees the root cause of problems and not just identifies them

Correlation example: firefighters and fire damage

More firefighters are present when fire damage is higher, but more firefighters don't cause more damage. Larger fires need more firefighters, showing a correlation, not causation.

Causation example: smoking and lung cancer

Smoking directly causes lung cancer. The harmful chemicals in cigarettes damage the lungs, leading to cancer, showing a clear cause-and-effect relationship.

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As mentioned in the passage, correlation refers to the underlying interconnected social variables between two things, yet one thing does not directly cause anothers, and unable to be entirely explained by another. While causation refers to the establishment of the direct cause of relationships between social structures and individual behaviors, which is argued that individuals act in a framework that is shaped by economic,cultural, institutional structured that is affecting one another. The real world scenario of correlation is the Durkheim research on suicide, the second one is the Karl Marx’s analysis of capitalism.

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Correlation means two things happen together, but one does not necessarily cause the other. Causation means one thing directly causes another to happen.

2 real life iterations are, bad grades in real life and resulting you need to learn again, causation. And correlaton is when like your relative passes away and your pet dies at the same time.

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Correlation: More people carry umbrellas on rainy days, and the number of traffic accidents also increases. However, carrying an umbrella does not cause accidents—both are influenced by the rainy weather.

Causation: Lack of sleep leads to poor concentration in students. In this case, sleep deprivation directly causes reduced focus and academic performance.

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Chelsea isa Kimberly aurielle Nicole Cheryl  

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Chelsea isa Kimberly aurielle Nicole Cheryl  

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Correlation is when two variables are related to each other, but cannot be able to be proven by the use of causation, a real life scenario in this situation is the prompt “dumb people always turn out to be poor”

Causation refers to the strict link in which can be proved between two variables in a time sequence. A real life scenario is the prompt “a person enhances their skill in a certain sport if they put more effort/work in training”

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Celine Valerie, Charlotte, Chen Li Shan, Nathania

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Celine Valerie, Charlotte, Chen Li Shan, Nathania

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Scenario 1: Correlation

Many top students drink coffee, so one student assumes coffee improves grades. But coffee isn’t the reason, they might just study more. This is correlation because both happen together, but coffee doesn’t cause better grades.

Scenario 2: Causation

A student studies two extra hours daily and sees their grades improve. Here, studying directly causes better performance. This is causation because more study time leads to better results.

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Structuralism argues that human experience is shaped by underlying structures like language, culture, and social systems. Structuralists analyze relationships between these elements to understand thought and behavior, rather than focusing on individual experiences.

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1. Structuralism say about human experience ?

Not everything will be available to us, structuralists are interested in the way these structures shapes human thought, behavior and culture. Structures are often hidden or unconscious.  the basic shapes or elements

Language is central to how we understand the world, helps us think and behave.

2. What do structuralist propose

structuralists propose is to break down mental processes into the most basic components. Binary opposition,  structure and system

Systems are important as the elements

Structures of human experience are universal and aren’t independent but are cultural.

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Structuralism is the relationship between different elements of human experience.

Everything in human expericence can be broken down into structures, and these underlying structures shapes humans. Structures of human experience is universal.

Language is central to how we uyndertsnad the world , how we think and behave

The elements used to understand human interaction: binary oppositions, signifier and signified concept, structure and system

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structuralist believes that human experiences is understood by hidden social structures and elements

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1. Structuralists stated that humans experience and behaviors are shaped by structures of society , it influence how we think and act and that it is universal. 2. we must analyze the structures that shape our reality.

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structuralism is an underlying structure of framework that shapes human emotions, human thoughts and human behaviour

Binary oppositions

Signifier and signified

Structure and system

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Structuralism is the analysis of the underlying structures that shape human thought, behaviour and culture

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Structuralism says that human experience can be broken down into basic structures and are usually hidden.

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People don’t experience the world freely,

their thoughts and actions are shaped by hidden rules in society . People behave in certain ways because of rules set by society, like how schools, laws, or family traditions shape our actions.

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Structuralism says that human experience is built on hidden structures or basic parts that shape how we think and act. It also suggests that we understand things through binary oppositions (like good and bad) and the connection between signifiers (words or symbols) and signified (what they mean).

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1. They say simplify the human experience to be able to understand the interaction of humans within each other. They say it is the underlying structure of humanism and is made by their individual consciousness.

They use concepts that are opposite of each other, physical elements, structure and system to understand the human experience because of the hidden and inferred interactions

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structuralists suggest that human experience is best understood by analyzing the underlying structures between elements within a system

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it tells us that structure is the underlying organization of frame work that shapes human experience. structualists believe that by analyzing these fundamental structures, we can understand the nature of human consciousness and experience.

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Structuralism says that human experience is made of different parts that work together. Structuralists try to understand human experience by studying these and how they Connect

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Structuaralists believes that humans process of thought are all the same/universal and these standards are set by binary oppositions.

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Structuralism suggests that human experience is shaped by underlying structures like language and culture

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Structuralism says human experience is shaped by hidden structures like language and culture. Structuralists study these patterns to understand thoughts and behaviors.

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Structuralism says that everything we experience has a structure, like a pattern or a set of rules, structuralists study these patterns to understand how people think and live

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Structuralism argues that human experience is shaped by underlying social structures, such as language, culture, and institutions, and structuralists seek to understand experience by analyzing these patterns and systems.

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Structuralism argues that human experience is shaped by underlying social structures, such as language, culture, and institutions, and structuralists seek to understand experience by analyzing these patterns and systems.

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lishan

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That the human experience can be reduced into simple structures and patterns

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Philo-notes

https://youtu.be/FybkUMplAlI?si=7DRmP5iX-NA18bM_

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Understanding Correlation and Causation in Structuralism

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Understanding Correlation and Causation in Structuralism

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Correlation in Structuralism

In sociology, correlation refers to a relationship between two or more social variables, where they change together. From a structuralist perspective, correlations are not seen as random but as indicative of deeper patterns within social structures. Structuralists argue that social phenomena are interconnected, and correlations help reveal the broader systemic forces at play.

For instance, Émile Durkheim’s study on suicide demonstrated that higher urbanization is correlated with higher suicide rates. This suggests that urbanized societies might experience weaker social bonds, contributing to increased instances of suicide. Similarly, societies with strong religious institutions tend to have lower crime rates, indicating that religious influence might play a role in maintaining social order. However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation. Just because two variables are related does not mean that one directly causes the other. Instead, structuralists see these patterns as indicative of underlying social structures that shape behaviors.

Causation in Structuralism

Unlike correlation, causation establishes a direct cause-and-effect relationship between social structures and individual behaviors. Structuralist theories emphasize that social forces determine human actions, rather than viewing behavior as a matter of personal choice. This perspective argues that individuals act within a framework shaped by economic, cultural, and institutional structures.

Durkheim’s research on suicide provides a clear example of causation in structuralism. He argued that weak social integration (the cause) leads to higher suicide rates (the effect). Individuals who are less connected to their communities may feel isolated and unsupported, making them more vulnerable to suicide. Another example comes from Karl Marx’s analysis of capitalism. He asserted that the capitalist economic system (the cause) leads to class struggle and inequality (the effect). Marxist structuralism holds that economic structures dictate the relationships between different social classes, ultimately shaping societal conflicts and power dynamics.

Key Insights and Conclusion

Structuralist perspectives highlight that societal patterns and behaviors are shaped by overarching social structures rather than merely individual choices. While correlation helps identify social trends, causation delves deeper into the root causes of these trends. Understanding the difference between correlation and causation is essential in structuralist analysis, as it prevents misinterpretation of social phenomena.

Ultimately, structuralism suggests that individual behaviors, such as suicide rates or economic struggles, are reflections of larger societal structures. Rather than attributing these behaviors solely to personal decisions, structuralists examine the systemic forces at work, reinforcing the idea that society’s structure fundamentally influences human actions.

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Language and Philosophy

https://youtu.be/lxRJGOkt5w8?si=tlDsuM8K3CMwGCOa