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Ancient Ways: The People of the Longhouse

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Ancient Ways: The People of the Longhouse

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Exploring Indigenous cultivation practices and the Three Sister food pathway.

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Exploring the significance of the Salmon food pathway among the Mi'kmaq peoples and other First Nations on the east coast.

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Exploring First Nations of the Great Plains and the importance of Buffalo.

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Join millions of other people across the country who are working on Truth and Reconciliation!

This interactive maps includes schools, organizations and communities who are committed to learning the truth about Canada and the Residential School system, and are actively working towards Reconciliation in their areas. Check out the map and find out who is working on these important issues in your area.

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Treaties, Territories and Land Claims

Explore the rich history of Canada's treaty territories from 1700-2020. This interactive map highlights key events and locations that shaped the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the government of Canada.

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Exploring the skill and ingenuity of Indigenous hunters and the essential role the Buffalo played in the daily lives of peoples on the plains.

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Exploring the relationship between the removal of the Buffalo, the reservation system and Residential Schools.

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Exploring the positive impacts of Buffalo hers in First Nations communities today and modern conservation efforts.

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Exploring traditional Salmon fishing skills and the importance of treaties between the First Nations of the Wabanaki Confederacy.

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Exploring Mi'kmaq hunting and fishing rights and the Listiguj resistance to the Salmon Raids of the 1980s.

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Modern Salmon conservation efforts in First Nations communities on the east coast.

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Exploring the skills and knowledge needed to cultivate the Three Sisters.

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Exploring the harm caused by the Residential School system, the disruption of traditional gender roles and student resistance.

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Exploring the modern cultivation of the Three Sisters, Indigenous farming, and food gardens as a path to Reconciliation.

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Exploring the geography of the far North and the Inuit tradition of harvesting "country foods".

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Exploring the vital connection between the environment and the Inuit culture, as well as the skills needed for a successful hunt.

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Exploring the impacts of colonization and Residential School on the traditional Inuit way of life.

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Exploring the effects of climate change on food security in the north and discover the ways Inuit youth today are working to preserve and share their way of life with the larger world.

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Ancient Ways: Anishinaabeg, The Good People

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Ancient Ways: Anishinaabeg, The Good People

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Exploring First Nations traditional Maple Syrup harvesting and the ancient skill of tapping trees.

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Exploring the skills, equipment and traditional gender roles in the maple syrup pathway.

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Exploring the appropriation of Maple Syrup by settlers, and the impact of colonial deforestation.

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Exploring climate change and modern Maple Syrup production in First Nation communities.

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Exploring family traditions and the importance of learning from Elders through the Goose food pathway.

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Exploring the skills needed for the Goose hunt and the importance of family to transmit knowledge.

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Exploring Goose Break family traditions and the disruption caused by colonization and Residential Schools.

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Exploring the importance of family, land and language for First Nations youth who want to reconnect with their culture.

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Ancient Ways: Peoples of the Salish Coast

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Ancient Ways: Peoples of the Salish Coast

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Exploring the importance of Salmon to First Nations on the west coast for food and trade.

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Exploring the potlatch system and the distribution of food, medicine and other resources for First Nations on the west coast.

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Exploring colonial disruptions to trade and traditional First Nations' economic systems.

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Exploring modern conservation efforts to restore Salmon and learn about the four Food Chiefs.

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Ancient Ways: Manoomin, the "Good Berry"

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Ancient Ways: Manoomin, the "Good Berry"

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Exploring the ceremonies and stories of the Wild Rice (Manoomin) food pathway.

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Exploring the traditional skills and methods of harvesting Manoomin.

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Exploring treaty relationships and the colonial disruption of traditional land use in the Great Lakes area.

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Exploring modern land use disputes and the conservation efforts to restore Manoomin by Indigenous communities today.

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This resource was developed by The Legacy of Hope Foundation (LHF). Funding for this interactive online programming was made possible through the Canada History Fund, Canadian Heritage and the Resilient Communities Fund, Ontario Trillium Foundation. We are grateful to Ontario Trillium Foundation and Canadian Heritage for supporting the development of Indigenous-led educational content.

We wish to acknowledge the rich contributions of communities, Elders, Knowledge Keepers, growers, leaders and scholars that took part in this project. We would especially like to thank Wanuskewin Heritage Park, David Finkle, All Our Relations Land Trust, David Moore, and Miki Flaherty.

Each person or organization cares deeply to transmit meaningful and relevant programming and are passionate about restoring Indigenous food sovereignty and pathways. We are honored to have been welcomed into communities across Turtle Island and are grateful for the candidness, unique wisdoms, and knowledges shared. Foods, traditions, histories and revitalization efforts vary greatly across the land, but practices such as respect, humility, and reciprocity can be found from coast to coast to coast.

This project was led by Lewis Barnaby, with support from Danielle James, Michelle Fraser, Natalie Sole and Gordon Spence. Thank you to Flora Conti and Mia Dubus for translations. We are grateful to all the many LHF volunteers for their research and commitment, especially Sarah Berube, Jessica-Lynn Anderson, Diana Nodzhak and Iulia Vuia. Illustrations and graphic design by Mariah Shecapio-Lacroix and Suzan Kadri.  Video and editing by Lewis Barnaby with all final edits by Teresa Edwards, LHF Executive Director & In-House Legal Counsel.

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Teachers and Students are strongly encouraged to review the Teacher and Student Introductions and Interactive maps. Then choose a pathway!

You can follow a specific food pathway like Salmon or Buffalo, or choose to follow the paths of the Ancient Peoples, or the path of Colonial Disruptions. Or you may want to choose a module based on your territory. The curriculum framework is flexible and allows you to choose your path of learning. Start on the module that most interests the class. Each lesson contains a large variety of activities, videos, archival images and articles to choose from.

No matter which path you walk you'll be learning about the peoples of Turtle Island, the foods and traditions that sustained them, and ways you can contribute to the work of Truth and Reconciliation.

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First Edition

April 2025

© 2025 Legacy of Hope Foundation