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Uprising and Usurption

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Emperor Shaddam Corrino IV, decreed that House Atreides was to take over control of the planet Arrakis from House Harkonnen, the mortal enemies of House Atreides.

This is shocking as whichever house controlled Arrakis would have a monopoly over spice production and hold immense leverage over the rest of the imperium

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Extremely advanced human civilizations in terms of economic and military technology. The whole imperium is split into different factions, each wielding significant influence, known as the "Great Houses of the Landsraat".

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With its first novel released in 1965, Frank Herbert's Dune series has 6 books in total and there have already been 2 three-hour live action adaptations which cover the events of the first book.

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Humanity is capable of even space travel, where compressing the fabric of space allows them to travel vast distances over a short period of time.

Humans regularly embark on intergalactic space travel and explore different worlds to inhabit.

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One of the most valuable substances in the imperium is Spice, which grants people who take it better cognitive abilities and even prolong their lifespan and making them immortal.

Spice users also have the cool side effect of having blue eyes!

Spice is only produced on the desert planet Arrakis and passing the stewardship of Arrakis to other houses sets the stage for conflict in the Imperium.

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House Atreides accepts the decree and moves to Arrakis. Where Harkonnen sabotage has crippled their ability to sustain spice production.

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Fearing an incoming war, Duke Leto Atreides of House Atreides seeks out new military power in the form of the native inhabitants of Arrakis, known as the Fremen.

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House Atreides was ambused by the combined forces of both the Emperor's and House Harkonnen's military. Caught off guard and unfamiliar with their new home, the Atreides were massacred overnight

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Paul and his mother Jessica were the only survivors of the massacre and were forced to flee into the desert, hungry for vengeance.

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Paul and Jessica learn the way of the desert under the Fremen and are integrated into their community.

The Fremen value strength and Paul, having trained under the best in House Atreides, proves himself to be an exceptional fighter and earns himself the nickname "Muad'Dib"

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Muad'Dib is the fremen name given to the desert mouse, which is one of the few creatures that are able to survive independently in the desert.

It is also very cute.

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Jessica also ascends to the position of Reverend Mother, a religious figurehead in Fremen culture and is able to influence the millions of fundamentalist believers in the Southern populations of Fremen.

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"Kwisatz Haderach" - also known as the shortening of the way, is the end-goal of the "Bene Gesserit" sisterhood. They believe that bringing forth the Kwisatz Haderach will allow humanity to survive past its darkest fate.

Jessica reveals to Paul that he is one of the experiments that the sisterhood has planted. She pushes Paul to undergo rituals to unlock his ability to see the future and Paul accepts in order to avenge his Father.

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Paul uses his new abilities and his constitutional gifts as a charismatic leader to become the "Lisan Al-Gaib" - a religious messiah foretold in the prophecies that is said to bring about the Fremen's greatest wish of a lush green paradise.

Paul convinces the Fremen masses that he is the messiah and plots to fight back against the Harkonnens and Emperor.

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Paul rallies the Fremen and launches a surprise attack on both the Emperor and the Harkonnens. Utilising the ancient Atreides Atomics which were hidden away in the desert before House Atreides was ambushed, he devastated his foes and achieved a swift victory.

Paul forces his ascension to the galactic throne by marrying the emperor's daughter, but his ascension is denied by the other Great Houses. He then commands the Fremen to attack the other Great Houses and begins the Holy War on the rest of the Imperium.

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Paul was able to use his gifts as a charismatic leader and his ability to see the future to usurp an entire culture and take control of millions of devoted believers through their faith.

The devotees exhibit blind faith, extremism and fanaticism which is extremely dangerous behavior.

This draws parallels with certain extremist groups in the Middle East and their ideology on Martyrdom or even fanatical propaganda of the Kim dynasty in North Korea.

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Dune has a subtle underlying theme of disdain towards autonomous AIs. This can be seen from the fact that even with their superior technology, they let genetically modified humans take over the roles of computers so that they are able to have control over them.

This is because of the "Butlerian Jihad" which happens before the events of the first book, where there was an AI uprising and it nearly resulted in the extinction of humanity. Thus it is understandable that the whole imperium would be wary and scared of using AI.

This parallels certain general fears that AI will one day become self-conscious and attempt to revolt against humanity, which is a common theme in many sci-fi works such as "Terminator" and "I-Robot" to name a few.