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I'm always tired

I changed my coat

a lighter coat

I'm_responsible for hot food

veggies /vedjis/

Shawarma

slices of chicken

a sauce

from scratch (from zero)

gnocchi is comfort food

your childhood (infancia)

in shell peanut

I have a rash (alergia)

Are there mosquitos there?

(Tem mosquito aí?)

a swarm (enxame) of mosquitos

they bite just Isabela.

mosquito repellent

an outbreak (um surto de)

measles (sarampo)

have you taken the flu shot?

I took last December

Isabela and I took it.

Isabela and me took it.

She has lived here for about 30 years

Iran - Ailin (Aileen)

How long has she been there in Canada?

Eaulali (olalí) - Reno - Nevada

Crosswords

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19 03 25

Listening

General RECAP

Speaking

CONJUNCTIONS

Talking Numbers

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PAIRED

As / As

Both / and

Either / or

Neither / nor

Not only / but also

Whether / or

CONCESSION

though

although

even though

CONDITION

if

unless

until

provided that

assuming that

even if

in case (that)

lest

bar

COMPARISON

than

rather than

whether

whereas

TIME

after

as long as

before

once

since

until

when

whenever

while

REASON

because

since

so that

in order (that)

PRONOUN

who

whoever

whom

whose

MANNER

how

as though

as if

PLACE

where

wherever

SIMILAR TO AND

also

besides

furthermore

likewise

moreover

SIMILAR TO BUT

however

nevertheless

nonetheless

instead

otherwise

SIMILAR TO SOconsequently

hence

meanwhile

then

therefore

thus

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I didn't work last Tuesday

1m snow

I slept

I needed to sleep

to take a nap

fifty first (51st)

Liberal party has a high change of winning, after the Orange guy.

before the class I read the news on Twitter

Ukraine War

PGR denounced ...

Did you see the movie?

Have you seen the movie? Not yet.

TV Series

Have you read the book, 100 years of solitude?

Have you seen the series? Yes, I have.

I need to lose some pounds

I gain weight only thinking about food

(noun) peso - weight /wait/

(verb) pesar - weigh /way/

My weight is 85kg.

I weigh 86kg.

How much do you weigh?

What's your weight?

even worse (ainda mais pior)

my goal (gol)

sixty

I need to weigh 66

My dad weighs 75

In 2000 I weighed 112kg

so many kilos (count)

so much fat (uncountable)

the mango when it's not fully ripe (madura)

my mouth waters (salivar)

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guava

I don't eat

sweet (doce) (adjective)

sweeten (adocar) (verb)

soft (macio)

soften (amaciar)

dark (escuro) (adjective)

darken (escurecer) (verb)

darkness (escuridao) (noun)

sweetener

sweetness (doçura)

likely (probable)

you are more likely (mais provável)

unlikely (improvável)

It's unlikely to rain tonight.

Lupus - autoimmune disease

she doesn't believe

tick - carrapato

dairy - anything made of milk

she never gets better

lung - pulmao

liver - fígado

kidneys - rims

I'm so full. I've eaten a lot...

I'm starving

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19 02 25

LISTENING

Talking Figures

SPEAKING

RECAP

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FIGURES - 29 items

Listen once - no Subtitles

FIGURES - 29 items

Listen once - no Subtitles

TAKE DOWN THE NUMBERS

LISTEN Second time -

a pledge - a commitment

ubiquitous - present everywhere

to mimic - to imitate

the turnover - (total sales)

willingness -

ingrain (habits) - rooted

unlikely

ubiquitous

as well as

when it comes to

break even

meanwhile

ensure

-------------------------------------

1940s

78mi metric tons

14% recycled

2018

1.7mi metric tons

2025

100%

1/3

1.68bi euros

three-pronged

one layer

the third part of the strategy

2018

100%

hundreds of times

250 uses

breakeven at 66

2,3 weeks ago

400,000 orders

11,000 kg

7,000 kg of waste

12 weeks

70 countries

20 million pounds

2 years ago

double

2 years

2050

3 firms

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SvQSKaYbwE

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TALKING ABOUT HEALTH

Healthy food

Healthy habits

unhealthy habits and foods

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zk7WlWV-8h0&t=677s

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Biomedical Scientist Answers New Pseudoscience Questions | Tech Support | WIRED

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do the dishes (wash the dishes)

3 people

meals

snacks

my boss' boss (the owner)

I've been in this job for 2 months only (2 will change)

There's a girl

Arrive

some ingredients (frozen)

everyday I have a new menu

to plan (to prepare)

Today you prep for tomorrow

I season the potato (temperar)

The chicken legs are marinating

the ground beef is already fried

mash potato

it pops (the sounds)

soy (soja)

we don't know yet

just once (uma vez)

(very recent)

Zé has just arrived. (acabou de chegar)

She has just left. (ela acabou de sair)

There's nothing left.

dumpling (pastel)

at least /list/

to praise (elogiar)

Nobody praised your food?

there wasn't anything left

there was NO leftover (sobra)

this school is smaller

in the old part of the town

(oldtown)

Have you worked in Isabela's school?

Not yet (it can change)

900 meters

she complains everyday (reclamar)

Zé drops her off in the morning

I saw the bus leaving...

I walked 3km

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Her English is worse than mine (pior que o meu)

My English is better than hers. (melhor do que o dela)

Sri Lanka (Pakistani - Indian)

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12 02 25

RECAP

LISTENING

Speaking Practice

PRONUNCIATION FOCUS

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7u8A0AoDRdw

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Understand these 4 key concepts for a happier life | Arthur Brooks

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a brick (tijolo)

how's the week going at work?

when I started

didn't have cooking gas in the school

Monday I went back to my school (the previous school)

it was very windy

Yesterday, it was snowing all day (snowed all day)

4 pairs of boots

to thaw (derreter)

How long has she been there?

How long has she working there?

She blames herself about not studying English

I blamed myself

Yesterday I read /réd/

To denounce the student

undocumented immigrants

tariffs (import & export)

The prime-minister renounced

you are subject to the crown

Canadian National Anthem

She has 2.5 still (ainda)

(yet) negatives - questions (ainda)

Eu haven't finished yet. (eu ainda nao terminei)

She has to choose the subjects (matérias) for the next week

She doesn't study maths

She has studied law

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Get Phrasal Verbs

get over

get along

get through

get off

get around

get by

get rid of

get away

get away with

get up

get across

get together

get back

get used

get to

get at

get back at

get behind

get into

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LISTEN

PAUSE

CHECK

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHxVrnuiG38

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Top 3 Family Food Pitches | Dragons' Den Canada

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like a mess

until the other Friday (not next Friday)

Zé drops me off.

wear - wore - I wore pajamas

20 modules /moduls/

100 questions - cut grade 60 - 82

The course ranges so many subjects (abranger)

There's a high turnover. (rate of people leaving the job)

Tariffs

to tan (bronzear) (10)

Is there any tan saloon there? Artificial tanning

I've never seen (because it can change)

to give the change

-Can you break a 100?

0.05 - 0.1 - 0.25 - 0.5 - 1 - 2 dollars coins

double double - 2 sugars, 2 milks

Mocha

If he wants, he can.

we checked (nos olhamos...)

By airplane

35 business days vacations

he can take them (the days) as he choses

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revenue - receita

greed - ganancia

greedy - (adj) ganancioso

a ballpark figure (chute)

800 daily revenue

16,000 month

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29 01 25

RECAP

LISTENING

Speaking Practice

KITCHEN VOCABULARY

PRONUNCIATION FOCUS

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MODAL PERFECT  (PAST)

COULD - (poderia) an option (poderia ter feito)

SHOULD - (deveria) a regret (eu deveria ter feito)

WOULD HAVE- (teria) a conditional (eu teria feito)

MUST - (devo) a deduction (eu devo ter feito)

MAY - MIGHT - a possibility (eu talvez tenha feito)

message

form

example

Ontem eu poderia ter esperado o onibus.

Yesterday I COULD have waited the bus

MODAL + HAVE + V3

Ontem eu nao poderia ter esquecido de pagar a conta.

Yesterday I COULDN'T have forgotten to pay the bill.

Forget - Forgot - Forgotten

Eu deveria ter perdoado a minha amiga.

I SHOULD have forgiven my friend.

Forgive - Forgave - Forgiven

Eu nao deveria ter comido tanto ontem.

I SHOULDN'T have eaten so much yesterday.

I shouldn't eat so much. (PRESENT - FUTURE)

Eu teria estudado Engenharia se eu tivesse tido oportunidade.

I WOULD have studied Engineering If I had had opportunity.

Eu nao teria chegado tao cedo se o Zé nao tivesse me dado uma carona.

I WOULDN'T HAVE arrived early if Zé hadn't given me a ride.

Voce teria tirado algumas fotos da neve se voce tivesse tempo?

Would you have taken some pictures of the snow if you had time?

I take pictures all the time.

OBLIGATION in the PAST (Tinha que... I had to...)

Eu tenho que pagar...

I must pay my credit card.

I have to pay my credit card.

Eu tinha que pagar my cartao de credito ontem.

I had to pay my credit card yesterday

Ele deve ter esquecido de pagar a conta. (Logical Deduction)

He must have forgotten to pay the bill.

Carla is late. She's never late.

She must have lost the bus.

Ela deve ter perdido o onibus.

Zé worked all day. He must be very tired. (NOW)

Yesterday Zé worked all day, he must have arrived very tired.

He went to the steakhouse, he shouldn't have eaten so much.

Carla is late. She's never late.

She may have lost the bus. (possible)

Ela talvez tenha perdido o onibus.

I may/might go to the mall tomorrow. (Eu talvez vá...)

John talvez nao tenha percebido o erro.

John might not have noticed the mistake.

Did you notice? (Voce percebeu?)

Noted (tá anotado)

I noticed that it was him even on the long distance, just by his gait. Nobody walks so weird.

the gait - particular way somebody walks

Her face is very dread. She really looks scared.

lump sum (entrada)

I gave a 15,000 lump sum and 10,000 in 10 instalments (prestacoes)

Wednesday - hump day

hump with butter (cupim)

The guy has a hump

The Lord's day (Sunday)

King James Bible

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PRESENT - THERE IS - THERE ARE
(tem, existe, há)

+There is a bus stop in front of my house. (1)

+There are 3 pets shops in my street. (2+)

-There isn't any any school.

? Is there any bakery nearby?

PAST - THERE WAS - THERE WERE
(tinha, existia, havia)

+There was a car in the corner. (1)

+There was some problem with the oven. (teve)

+There were many cars parked here. (2+)

-There wasn't any patty left.

? Was there any problem? (did you have any problem?)

FUTURE - THERE WILL BE - THERE IS GOING TO BE
(terá, existirá, haverá)

+There will be a celebration for Isabela.

+There will be 5 guests.

-There won't be any drink.

? Will there be a written test?

PERFECT - THERE HAS BEEN - THERE HAVE BEEN
(past - not over/finished - not specific about WHEN - it can change)

+There has been some problem with the oven (teve, mas ainda tem - the problem is not solved)

+There have been many problems with the cashier. (tem havido, tem tido)

-There hasn't been any order of cookies today. (until now)

? Has there been any problem this week? No, there hasn't been any problem so far (until now)

(Se teve algum problema esta semana)

MODAL - THERE CAN BE - THERE COULD BE - THERE MAY BE
There can be (pode ter, pode haver)
There could be (poderia ter, poderia haver)
There should be (deveria ter...)
There may/might be (talvez tenha...)
There must be (deve ter)
There would be (teria, haveria, existiria)

+In the menu, there could be tapioca, coxinha.

+In the menu, there should be less rice.

-There shouldn't be so many pasta.

(nao deveria ter tanta massa)

+Tomorrow, there may/might be pull-d pork

+There must be some mistake here. (conclusion)

Deve ter algum erro aqui.

+There must be more people working here during lunchtime.

Deve ter mais gente...

+There would be more people here today if it wasn't raining.

(teria mais gente aqui hoje, se nao estivesse chovendo)

? should there be more people working here? No, there shoudn't.

? Would There be more people here today if it wasn't raining? Yes, there would.

+

+

-

?

MAKING SUGGESTIONS, OBSERVATIONS

There could be (poderia ter...) more, less, a few

(stronger) There should be (deveria ter...)

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translation

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QUESTIONS

1. EXPERIENCE

2. OVER

3. CONNECTED TO THE PRESENT

4. HAPPENING NOW

Did you take the bus yesterday? OVER - CANNOT CHANGE

Have you drunk beer this week? CAN CHANGE - EXPERIENCE

Have you been studying your course? CONNECTION WITH THE PRESENT

(voce tem estudado...?)

Are you cooking now? HAPPENING AROUND NOW

Did you make the gravy? No, I haven't YET. (nao fiz AINDA)

Have you

Have you been

Are you preparing the pasta? Not yet, but I will. (ainda nao, mas vou)

(OVER) Did you study Japanese yesterday? No, I didn't, although (apesar que) I watched a movie in Japanese.

(EXPERIENCE) Have you drunk absinthe? (45%) Yes, I have.

74% - One sip and you are drunk.

(CONNECTION WITH THE PRESENT) Have you been travelling in South America with a backpack?

Have you been backpacking in South America? No, I haven't.

(voce tem feito... )

(HAPPENING around NOW) Are you cleaning your home? Tomorrow I will, definitely.

The bedsheet.

ACRONYM - (sigla)

O que significa FATTOM?

What does FATTOM stand for?

FATTOM stands for Food, Acidity, Time, Temperature, Oxygen and Moisture.

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my boss didn't tell me anything

skew (espetinho)

chicken steak

on the tray

to heat up (aquecer)

fusilli - rotini

left-overs

throw away (jogar fora)

córse (course)

curse (maldicao) he is cursed

there is an acronym (sigla)

FATTOM - food, acidity, time, temperature, oxygen and moisture.

test

text - tekist

middle-east

I don't know anything about her

to swap (trocar)

to sweep (varrer)

our big boss (her boss)

she doesn't want to change

concrete plan /con-cri-t

the shell (casca)

seashell (concha)

She sells seashells by the seashore. The shells she sells are seashells, I'm sure. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells"

sea - see (C)

Betty Botter bought some butter
But she said the butter’s bitter
If I put it in my batter, it will make my batter bitter
But a bit of better butter will make my batter better
So ‘twas better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter

batter - (empanado)

bitter - amargo - my tea is very bitter

Indian Makhani (butter chicken)

jejum - fasting (to fast)

I fast every day.

I stop eating about 4 or 5 pm

I have been fasting for 5 years

I haven't eaten today (I have been fasting since yesterday 11pm)

I didn't eat today. (OVER)

I allow (permitir) me a piece of cake

it's like an addiction

you have to want it.

one lemon, (zest - casca), ginger, and mint

2l per day.

superfoods (ginger, garlic, cinnamon, lemon, mint, curcuma, oat, virgin olive oil, eggs, beans)

There was a time in my life where I didn't eat anything carbo

reduced coffee

ham

ram - (bode)

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18 12 24

KITCHEN VOCABULARY

LISTENING

Speaking Practice

PRONUNCIATION FOCUS

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL2tNKHB6ew

LISTEN

PAUSE

CHECK

COMMENT

------------------------

an apron - avental

a hairnet - toquinha

electric hob - cooktop vs gas stove

chopping knife - cleaver

to debone the chicken

a paring knife (vegetable knife)

chicken stew - canja

the peeler - to peel

leek - alho poró

to slice - fatiar

shallow - raso

fry it in shallow oil.

to grease - untar

a thin layer - camada fina

deep fry - fritar em imersao

I should have done
Eu deveria ter feito...

never mind it - deixa pra lá

to toss / throw - jogar

he's a tosser (he's an idiot)

to heat up - aquecer

cupboard - pantry (dispensa)

storage room

the onion is sizzling (noise when something is frying)

a pinch - pitada

to sprinkle - with the fingers

turn down - diminuir - the heat, the stove, the oven, the temperature

turn up - aumentar

We're running out of potatoes - (ta acabando)

We ran out of dough (acabou a massa)

the pasta is gone -we ran out of pasta

we have no pasta left. (NO = ZERO)

to stir - mexer

to steam (cozinhar no vapor)

just a dash (just a little bit of) of paprika

a tea towel - pano de prato

otherwise (caso contrário)

it may stick (pode grudar)

turn/stir that steak before it sticks

a pint - (500ml) 473ml - half a liter

thick - grossa, espessa (dense)

Guinness is very thick

a sieve - coador

to tear /tér/ - rasgar

starch - amido

lid on - colocar a tampa

lid off - tirar a tampa

spice - tempero

spicy - apimentado - picante

to simmer - cozinhar no fogo baixo

thyme - tomilho - saci

thick - thin - thigh

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Cook in English: Cooking Vocabulary

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tomorrow it's going to be colder (than today)

are pets allowed (permitido) in your condo?

you have to moisturise

my eyelids are dry (pálpebra)

I feel the dryness when I touch my eyelids

curse - kãr-si (maldicao)

course - cór-si

food safety

fifth - /fifi/

first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth

to grate some carrots

thigh - coxa

chicken leg (coxa e sobrecoxa)

dumpling (fried dough - pastel)

to get along (se dar bem...)

How are you getting along with your coworkers?

She has been living here for 2 years, like me.

I met one woman from Turkey

biweekly payment

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11/12

Kitchen Vocabulary

Working Functions & Phrases

LISTENING

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nqdv0hu0BBc

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Cleveland schools take fresh approach to lunch

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wRQwb1qPyo

1. LISTEN

2. PAUSE

3. CHECK

4. COMMENT

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pD9mk0Y_pyo

1. LISTEN

2. PAUSE

3. CHECK

4. COMMENT

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What School Lunch Looks Like Around The World | Around The World | Food Insider

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88UQmM9CwCM

slightly (levemente - a little bit)

I'm slightly tired today.

a trout (truta)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How To Make The Best Breakfast With Ed Lee and Francis Mallmann

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https://promova.com/english-vocabulary/cooking-food-vocabulary

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Essential Vocabulary and Verbs For Cooking Food

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Explore key cooking food words, definitions of essential skills, names of utensils and fun phrases. Unleash your inner chef and embark on a flavorful adventure today!

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https://test-english.com/vocabulary/b1/food-and-cooking-b1-english-vocabulary/

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Food and cooking

In this intermediate vocabulary lesson, you will learn about a wide range of foods, from fruits and vegetables to different types of meat and seafood, and cooking methods. Check the pictures below and read the definitions and sentence examples to expand your culinary vocabulary.

Fruit and Vegetables

1 Grapes are used to make wine.

2 Cherries are small, round fruit with red skins, often used in desserts.

3 A peach is a sweet summer fruit with pinky-orange skin.

4 Apples and pears are two very common fruits.

5 Mango is a tropical fruit with sweet orange flesh.

6 Watermelon is a big and refreshing fruit with green skin and red flesh.

7 Raspberries are often used in desserts.

8 Carrots are long, thin vegetables with orange skin and flesh.

9 Broccoli is a nutritious green vegetable.

10 Spinach is a vegetable with large dark green leaves packed with vitamins.

11 Green beans are long narrow beans that are eaten as a vegetable.

12 Peppers are green, red, or yellow vegetables that add flavour and colour to many dishes.

13 A courgette (UK) or zucchini (US) is a long thin vegetable with dark green skin and white flesh.

14 An aubergine (UK) or eggplant (US) is with a smooth, dark purple skin.

15 Cabbage is a round vegetable with white, green, or purple leaves.

16 Cauliflower is white and similar in shape to broccoli.

Meat, fish & seafood, types of cooking methods

Meat

1 Beef is the meat of a cow.

2 Turkey is a popular dish for Thanksgiving dinner.

3 Chicken is white meat from a bird, and it's considered to be healthy.

4 Duck is meat from a bird and is popular in Asian dishes.

5 Pork is the meat of a pig.

6 Lamb is the meat of a sheep.

Fish and seafood

7 Salmon is a popular fish with pink meat.

8 Tuna is a large fish with red meat. We often buy it in tins preserved in oil or water

9 Squid is commonly served as calamari.

10 Prawns have a tasty, soft meat inside.

11 Crabs have a hard shell and large claws.

12 A lobster has a hard shell and claws and it's an expensive food.

13 Clams have a smooth shell and live in the sand in the sea.

14 Oysters are considered a luxury food. They can also produce pearls.

15 Mussels have a smooth black shell and orange flesh.

Types of cooking methods

16 Steamed means cooked in vapour over boiling water. Steamed food is thought to be healthy, as it is cooked without oil or fat.

17 Boiled means cooked in very hot water. Boiling is a healthy way of preparing vegetables or eggs. Pasta is always boiled too, then served with a tasty sauce.

18 Fried means cooked in oil or fat in a frying pan. Many people fry eggs and bacon to make a quick and tasty meal.

19 Baked means cooked in the oven using flour and yeast. Common baked foods include bread, cakes, biscuits, and muffins.

20 Roasted means cooked for a long time in the oven or over a fire. Meat is often roasted, surrounded by potatoes and vegetables, for a special meal.

Phrasal Verbs

There are also many phrasal verbs that we use when talking about food.

To eat out means to eat away from home, in a restaurant or other establishment serving food. Many people eat out as a social activity or because they don't have time to cook.

To cut down on something means to consume less of something. Doctors often advise patients to cut down on salt, fat, or sugar for health reasons.

To go on a diet means to follow a special eating plan to lose weight or for health reasons. People who go on a diet often cut down on certain foods or stop eating them altogether.

To put on weight means to become heavier and to lose weight means to become lighter.

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Food and cooking - B1 English Vocabulary - Test-English

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Learn English vocabulary about types of food and cooking with pictures, examples, interactive exercises with feedback, and fun games!

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https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/vocabulary/a1-a2-vocabulary/meals-cooking

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Do these exercises and learn words to talk about meals and ways of cooking food.

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USING 'GET'

get lost

get ready

get it in the oven

get me something

get angry

get hungry

Cooking actions (VERBS)

To turn up / down the heat

To turn on / off the hob

To turn on / off the air vent

There are several ways to say ‘add’ ingredients

To add

To toss in

To throw in

To turn up / down the heat

To stir (around) = to move the ingredients around in a pot, pan or dish

To ladle out = to serve with a ladle To serve out / up

Quantities

A pinch of salt

A teaspoon of salt

A dash of vinegar / water/ oil (a little)

A knob of butter

a big hose (mangueira)

recipe /récipe/

there is a warning (aviso)

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I've RUN OUT OF eggs

cutlery

VERBS

Simmer (fogo baixo)

mince (chop in very small parts)

peel - descascar

remove the potatoes dark spots

to slice - fatiar

to blend - liquidificador

whip - the gravy - omelette - fue

knead - sovar /need/

Do I need to knead the dough?

to steam - (cozinhar no vapor)

TOOLS

pan

saucepan

skillet (big frying pan)

Pot

Colander - escorredor

grater - ralador

ladle - concha do feijao

whisk - fue

peeler - descascador

tongs - pinca

sieve - coedor - coer (verb)

rolling pin -

curd (coalhada)

batches (fornada)

A new batch of cookies

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the kitchen boss

I just didn't work as a cashier

so many things to learn

I cooked rice

meat ball (mit)

on foot

3 more people

a Turkish woman

Am I not being xenophobic?

it's an infinity line (queue)

peas with mushrooms

pizza cheese and peperoni (pizza topping)

ready to cook

the dough (massa)

knead the dough (sovar)

a shift (turno)

a big accomplishment (conquista)

I went by car

he dropped me off at the school

he went to work

I took a bus

do you have a locker?

today it was a slow day

1,500 fifteen hundred

not everybody buys food

a can of coke

canned food (comida enlatada)

to bribe (propina)

the tools (ferramentas)

the insurance (seguro)

to steer (virar) - the steering wheel (volante)

here it takes a long time (demora muito)

the Embassy

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04/12

Kitchen Vocabulary

Working Functions & Phrases

LISTENING

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https://padlet.com/acronsan/rlandi-1c3zkoba8lwgc0my/wish/4b3zaMylJqB1a2j7

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Menu

Entrada

Dadinho de tapioca com queijo coalho

Cubos dourados de tapioca e queijo coalho, crocantes por fora e macios por dentro, acompanhados de um molho agridoce de pimenta artesanal.

Golden tapioca and cheese bites, crisp on the outside and tender on the inside, served with a handcrafted sweet chili glaze.

Moqueca Baiana de bacalhau e camarões

Bacalhau e camarões em ensopado de leite de coco, azeite de dendê, pimentões e coentro, com arroz branco e farofa crocante de banana.

(Opção vegetariana: tofu defumado.)

Traditional indigenous Brazilian dish with African and Portuguese influences

Cod and shrimp stew in coconut milk, dendê oil, bell peppers, and cilantro. Served with white rice and banana cassava crumbs.

(Vegetarian option: smoked tofu.)

Carne de sol brasileira

Carne de sol curada com açúcar mascavo, grelhada e servida com mandioca amanteigada, palmito pupunha em conserva, pimenta biquinho e agrião.

(Opção vegetariana: queijo halloumi tostado.)

Brown sugar cured (jerky) beef, grilled and paired with buttery cassava, pickled hearts of palm, biquinho peppers, and watercress.

(Vegetarian option: grilled halloumi cheese.)

--Sobremesa

Torta leve de queijo com goiabada

Uma torta delicada de queijo, servida com sorvete artesanal de goiaba, calda de goiabada e castanha de caju caramelizada.

A light, cheesecake paired with artisanal guava ice-cream, guava sauce, and caramelized cashew nuts.

fancy - sophisticated

buy the bulk (Costco - buy in large quantities)

cough syrup (xarope)

the price is lower than Apple Store

the lowest - (superlative)

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canteen lady

cashier

I had an interview by phone

schools in the neighborhood

I'll have the holidays off - winter break off

summer off

job offer in the newspaper

I haven't told my parents yet

(eu ainda nao falei)

whenever you can, call me. (doesn't matter when)

whoever (doesn't matter who)

whatever (doesn't matter what)

wherever (doesn't matter where)

2% cashback

negotiation with the Union (sindicato)

liquor aisle (corridor)

I don't know anyone who smokes cigarettes here

a chain smoker

there were two policewomen to strip search the teenagers

the principal office

once (uma vez) someone brought alcohol

the guy stole from his parents

The Netherlands

I've never drunk that (I can change)

a pack of four cans (beer)

he went to buy beer Saturday morning

a breathalyzer test

in the trunk (porta malas)

it's forbidden (it's not allowed)

this summer it was allowed 4 parks

5,000 fine

I've never seen anyone drinking alcohol (it can change)

I was annoying (a pain in the ass)

the eve (véspera)

8

80 eighTY

250 -

kidnap (sequestrar)

napkin

Freudian slip (ato falho)

Cutlery (talheres)

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27/11

Review

LISTENING

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Yesterday felt like -10.C

it was so windy

last weekend I did nothing

it's forbidden (proibido)

to forbid - forbade - forbidden

Firefighter annual inspection

the siren turns on

November 30th - thirtieth

I haven't thought about it yet.

gravy -

Roast beef or ham

Pumpkin or apple pie

Raisin pudding, Christmas pudding, or fruitcake

Eggnog, a milk-based punch that's often infused with alcohol

Christmas cookies, butter tarts, and shortbread

Tourtière, a meat pie that's especially popular in Quebec

French Canadian Christmas cake

Buche de Noel

Nanaimo Bars

to celebrate

the celebration

1 person - 2 people

Mulled Drinks (wine) - vinho quente (quentao)

the dough (a massa)

do you prepare dough yourself?

I'm so showy (exibida)

The coldest days the sun is clear in the sky.

You can buy with scalpers (cambista)

We are planning to go there.

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16 10 - 30 10

Review

Everything we have seen so far.

# data[].attributes.body
My main Objective

Make you speak

full classes 10 students

50 min of explanation

10 min of Free Practice (speaking)

Communicative Approach

10 min of explanation

50 min of speaking

one hour and a half

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06/11

to heal (curar)

has your arm healed?

Yesterday the temperature was high

It's raining cats and dogs

I opened the blinders

bought /bót/

people talk loud

one hour and 10 minutes away

only every once and a while (só de vez em quando)

We went to a Brazilian bar

The bar owner (the owner of the bar)

The guy is 70 (years old)

He has lived here since 1979

he fell in love

When I arrived home. I will go home now. (no need for preposition)

sausage

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I - my - MY house is blue.

The blue house is MINE. (after the verb)

he - his

His car is black.

The black is his. (dele)

she - her

Her dress is yellow.

The yellow dress is hers. (dela)

it - its (daquela coisa)

Toronto is a beautiful city, os seus habitantes são felizes.

Toronto is a beautiful city, its inhabitants are happy.

you - your

Your house is big.

The big house is yours (sua)

they - their

Their street is dirt.

The dirt street theirs.

we - our

Our condo is big.

The big condo is ours.

# data[].attributes.body
Presbyterian 46.1

United Church 44.1

Anglican 43.8

Lutheran 43.3

Jewish 41.5

Greek Orthodox 40.7

Baptist 39.3

Buddhist 38.0

Catholic 37.8

Pentecostal 33.5

No religion 31.9

Hindu 30.2

Sikh 29.7

Muslim 28.1

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scratch my back (cocar - verb to scratch)

(noun - coceira) an itch

'worse than an itch you can't scratch'

do they trick or treat there? (kids)

to trick or treat

I bought the costume for her

Today's the hottest in the last 50 years.

it's indifferent

jack o'lantern

she's not trustworthy (confiável)

reliable (someone you can trust)

I'm very reliable

the technician

push the button

my glasses

she referred me to a specialist

(to refer)

a referral (noun)

to prescribe

a prescription (receita de médico)

a family doctor

she's a doctor

I didn't pay anything

DOUBLE NEGATIVE

She doesn't go to the dermatologist

vitamin D /vai-tamin/ is low

lower (comparative)

They didn't call me about the result.

They haven't called me about the result YET.

I want to eat Fandangos

I feel like Fandangos (to com vontade de...)

and then he will see HIS parents

papelao - cardboard

fire drill

eu tenho até um exemplo

I have EVEN an example

Yesterday I even ate a banana.

eu até comi uma banana

Eu até tentei, mas...

I even tried, but...

slept

the speakers (tannoy)

we went down 16 floor by stairs desperate

(a flight of stairs)

I didn't go

by bus I have never tried.

It's at night.

It's not dangerous.

She's 59

She has lived in Canada since (she was) 15.

I tried to volunteer

to volunteer - VERB

I went to her home

the hymns

her husband

she needs to take care of him.

PRONOUNS EXERCISE

Parish (paróquia)

denominations - Orthodox, Anglican, Presbyterian, Lutheran, 7 days, Mormons...

Ze, Isabela and I went to...

sardine, corn, olives, peas, carrots, palm of the heart, pepper, mayo

Cook the pasta

raw? cru

two big cans of sardine.

a can - a lata

for her friend

I'm craving coxinhas (morrendo de vontade de comer coxinha)

to crave (something you really want)

# data[].attributes.body
Mortgage (hipoteca)

interest rate (taxa de juros)

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(Present Continuous = to talk about the future when we are 100% sure)

I am going to Bahia.

I am going to go to Bahia.

(Future BE GOING TO = plan)

I am going to the cinema (100% confirmed)

I am going to go to the cinema (plan)

I am buying a new stove. (Present Continuous = to talk about the future when we are 100% sure)

I am going to buy a new stove (plan)

I will buy a new stove. (intention)

# data[].attributes.body
I will laundry my clothes.

I will do the laundry (lavar a roupa)

I will do the dishes (lavar os pratos)

I will do the grocery (fazer as compras)

# data[].attributes.body
animal meat

pork

fish

chicken

beef (cattle)

today I ate chicken

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PRESENT SIMPLE - routine - facts

always – frequently - sometimes – often – rarely – every day – seldom - never - once, twice
+

-

?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Temporary - Happening around now

now – at the moment – right now -  *next week - nowadays - currently
+

-

?

FUTURE– WILL - INTENTION - PREDICTION

tomorrow – later – soon – after – in December...
+

-

?

FUTURE – BE GOING TO - PLAN - PREDICTION WITH EVIDENCE

soon – when I... - tonight – tomorrow – next...
+

-

?

PAST SIMPLE

yesterday – last week... - ago – in 2018... - before...
+

-

?

PRESENT PERFECT

just – since – for – already – never – ever – yet – so far – recently – lately - still
+

-

?

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Lately – since – for – so far – recently – all day -
+

-

?

MODALS
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?

MODALS PERFECT
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?

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have you ever been stopped by the police?

he has been in Sweden for 2 years and hasn't seen the Northern lights

I took from my home

Mental health

anxious (adjective) I'm anxious /ank - xious/

(noun) anxiety - Let's talk about anxiety. /anks - zaieti/

I had to present myself

She's 15 (years old)

/tea - tcher/

10min with each teacher

intélligent

She doesn't like maths.

10th (tenth grade)

The day before yesterday (anteontem)

The day after tomorrow (depois de amanha)

a novel (um romance)

Isabela gave it to me.

The Devil to pay in the Backlands

Guimarães Rosa

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTmixSgeOI0

PREVIEW

WATCH

PAUSE

CHECK

COMMENT

a set of things

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Harvard Professor Answers Happiness Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED

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PRESENT

(tem, há, existe) THERE + BE

I have a car.

There is a car on the street. (tem um carro na rua)

There are many cars on my the street. (tem varios...)

In my street, there isn't any pothole (buraco na pista)

In your street, is there any pothole?

Yes, there are many.

Are there many Brazilians around there?

Tem muitos brasileiros por aí? Yes, there are many.

PAST

(tinha, havia, existia)

There was a car on the street. (tinha um carro...) (singular)

There were many people in the park (plural) (tinham muitas pessoas no parque)

Last weekend, there wasn't any sun.

Was there any sun last weekend in SP? Yes, there was a little.

FUTURE WILL

(terá, haverá, existirá)

There will be an event in Toronto next week. (vai ter...)

There will be many people in the event.

There won't be any gravy in Ina's Christmas dinner.

Will there be any turkey in your Christmas dinner?

No, there won't be any.

What will there be for dessert? There will be milk pudin.

(O que vai ter para sobremesa?)

She will study tomorrow OR She is going to study tomorrow.

There is going to be an event in Toronto next week.

(Vai ter um evento...)

There isn't going to be any gravy in Ína's party.

Is there going to be any alcohol in your party?

PERFECT -> THERE HAS BEEN, THERE HAVE BEEN

(something that started in the past - but they are still happening)

(tem tido, tem havido...)

There has been a car in front of my house since 7am. (singular)

There have been 2 cars in front of my house since 7am. (plural)

Tem havido muitas reclamacoes sobre buracos na rua.

There have been many complaints about holes.

Nao tem tido muito sol por aqui ultimamente.

There hasn't been much sun around here lately.

Tem tido muitos eventos na sua cidade?

Have there been many events in your city? Yes, there have been a lot of events.

MODALS THERE + MODALS + BE

Deveria ter mais sol aqui.

There should be more sun here.

Poderia ter menos carros na rua.

There could be less/fewer cars on the street.

Pode ter alguma coisa errada na conta.

There can be something wrong in the bill.

Deve ter muito brazileiro por aí. (deduction)

There must be a lot of Brazilians around there.

Talvez tenha gente que nao goste de comida brasileira.

There may/might be people who don't like Brazilian food.

kale

# data[].attributes.body
SMALL WORDS

crazy -

I am crazier than you.

Toronto is colder than SP.

cheap

BH is cheaper than SP.

cheap = low quality

Ottawa is colder. (than Toronto)

old - I'm older than my brothers.

siblings (men or women)

second younger, two older and one younger.

I loved to give orders.

IRREGULAR

good - better

bad - worse - It's worse when there is a big age difference.

BIG WORDS (3 syllables)

expensive

intelligent

amazing

SP is MUCH more expensive than BH.

SP is a little more expensive than BH.

BH is not more expensive than SP.

Is Toronto more expensive than BH?

BH is LESS expensive than SP.

3-5 letters

SIMILAR (tao ______ quanto) as ___ADJECTIVE___ as

Toronto is as cold as Ottawa.

Cheese is as delicious as salami.

Farm chicken is not as good as normal chicken.

(nao é tao boa quanto)

AM is not as good as Cruzeiro.

AM nao é tao bom quanto Cruzeiro.

L1 interference (linguistics)

Ricardo - he

Ricky - RI

Hickey -

I had never met her before.

Does she take after you or Zé?

She takes after me.

She speaks as well as a Canadian. (tao bem quanto)

I think she'll go well

The English - her score is bigger than 90 (higher)

he is bald

SUMMARIZE

Campinas é mais quente que Porto Alegre

Campinas is hotter than PoA

Pulp Fiction nao é mais longo que Titanic

Pulp Fiction is not longer than Titanic

Iphone é mais caro que Motorola.

Iphone is more expensive than Motorola.

Iphone é tao caro quanto Samsung.

Iphone___ is___ as___ expensive___ as____ Samsung.

Iphone's asexpensive__as Samsung.

Eu estou tao cansado quanto voce.

I'mastired as you.

Banana no Canada nao é tao deliciosa quanto no Brazil.

Banana in Canada isn't as delicious as in Brazil.

Banana from Thailand is both more expensive and delicious.

half a dozen is 7 dollars.

It's not cheap

it's a fair price (preco justo)

the price of nuts here is lower than SP.

the price of nuts here is low. /lou/

loud (volume alto)

People speak louder than usual.

out of nowhere (do nada)

he ran into a friend

meet (encontrar - programada)

run into (encontrar por acaso)

I ran into my cousin last week.

I met my cousin last week.

swear words (palavrao)

she tripped (tropecou)

Zé and I were in the grocery store

FALSE FRIENDS (falso cognatos)

Pretend you don't understand

(fingir)

Pretender = to intend

I intend to take some vacations in the end of the year.

eu pretendo.

She pretended to be my friend.

Ela fingiu ser minha amiga.

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CAN - ability (poder)

I can drive.

I can't ice-skate.

Can you buy a drink for me?

COULD - ability in the past, polite request (podia, poderia)

Could you make a pasta?

When I was a child, I could eat a lot without worrying.

I couldn't swim when I was child, I was very afraid of drowning.

SHOULD - advice - light obligation (deveria)

I should clean my closet.

I should tidy up my closet (organize)

I'm very tidy.

I shouldn't spend my time in the social media.

Should I watch more Canadian channels?

WOULD -

MAY

MIGHT

MUST

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4 Verbs that we describe:

we CAUSE SOMEBODY to DO SOMETHING

We DON'T DO the action.

I will cut my hair.

I will have my hair cut.

I got my nails done.

HAVE - GET - MAKE - LET

verb + SOMEBODY + action

HAVE (ask, designate, assign, pay) (more formal)

I will have Zé buy cheese for me.

I had John clean my room. (polite)

MAKE (mandar, fazer) (message is stronger)

I made John clean my room. (an order)

I made have Zé buy cheese for me.

GET (to convince)  (less formal)

I got John to clean my room. (eu convenci...)

I will get Zé to bring me hamburger.

I can't get my mother to exercise.

(eu nao consigo convencer)

I can't get my family to do the laundry. He's a lost case.

How can you get Zé to do his laundry?

LET (permit, allow)  (deixar)

I don't let anyone drive my car.

Eu nao deixo

I don't let anyone use my credit card.

I don't let anyone use my name to buy anything.

Do you let Isabela travel by herself? (sozinha) Yes, I do.

I didn't let she go to the party.

Eu nao deixei ela ir na festa.

I didn't even think about talking with Zé...

(eu nem pensei)

Who's the bad cop and good cop there?

Some months ago I let her go a party nearby.

(uns meses atras) (eu deixei ela ir) (aqui perto)

I lived alone when I was younger, so I think it's easier for me

I lived alone when I was 18

more likely (mais provavel)

She's going to study law.

She will be a lawyer.

Godfather

Do you let me correct you?

Voce deixa eu te corrigir?

# data[].attributes.body
PRESENT SIMPLE - routine - facts

always – frequently - sometimes – often – rarely – every day – seldom - never -
+ I always eat salad.

- Sometimes I don't walk in the park.

? How often do you buy meat? Maybe once a month.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Temporary - Happening around now

now – at the moment – right now -  *next week - nowadays - currently
+ Now I am studying English.

-At the moment I'm not sleeping.

? Are you drinking tea right now?

FUTURE – WILL - INTENTION - PREDICTION - NEW DECISION

tomorrow – later – soon – after – in December...
+ Tomorrow I will drink a beer.

-On the weekend I won't do the laundry.

? What will you do on the weekend?

FUTURE – BE GOING TO + VERB - PLAN - PREDICTION WITH EVIDENCE

soon – when I... - tonight – tomorrow – next...
+ (next) Saturday I am going to go to the mall.

-Later it's not going to rain.

? When are you going to go to the cinema?

PAST SIMPLE - FINISHED - we know WHEN (V2)

yesterday – last week... - ago – in 2018... - before...
+ Yesterday I went to the meeting at the school.

-Last week I didn't sleep very well.

? Did you buy my new cellphone?

PRESENT PERFECT - NOT FINISHED - Have a connection with the present - Experiences (have + V3)

just – since – for – already – never – ever – yet – so far – recently – lately - still
+ Since I moved to Canada, I have visited 5 cities.

-I haven't been to Montreal yet. (this can change)

? Have you been to Montreal? (an experience)

+So far I have read one book in English.

-I haven't V3 gone to the theater.

? Have you seen the last Joker?

No, I didn't. (nao vi, nao vou ver)

I have seen the Whale, have you seen it?

No, I haven't yet. (nao vi, mas quero ver)

The best movie I've seen in a long time!

PERFECT CONTINUOUS
eu tenho feito... eu nao tenho tido...
eu ando pensando... eu não ando dormindo bem...
HAVE + BEEN + verb ING.

Lately – since – for – so far – recently – all day -
+ Lately I have been eating more.

Ultimamente eu tenho comido mais.

-Recently, I haven't been sleeping very well.

? What have you been watching lately?

I watched Afterlife. (over)

I have been watching Afterlife. (not over)

I have been trying to see many tv shows.

I have been watching The Voice, I prefer the beginning of the season.

? What have you been doing?

I have been studying English, trying to read a book.

MODALS
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?

MODALS PERFECT
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

+

-

?

# data[].attributes.body
LESSON XIII

16 10 - 30 10

Review

Everything we have seen so far.

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1 ounce = 30g

1 pound = 450g

the scale (balanca)

pesar (to weigh) /way/

peso (the weight) /wait/

I go to weigh myself

I divide by two

my weight is...

1 foot = 30cm

1 foot - 2 feet

1 tooth - 2 teeth

1 child - 2 children

1 woman - 2 women

1 man - 2 men

1 mouse - 2 mice

1 person - 2 people

persons (legal English)

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.autoenglish.org/modalverbs/gr.might.pdf

https://www.muxtonprimary.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Activity-1.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
Reporting a problem

I can't stretch my arm (esticar)

It's purple (bruised)

Do you sleep on your side or belly up?

Describing an issue - What happened?

I fell on the ice floor - How did you fall?

I was practicing ice-skating.

How long has it been? Two weeks ago.

Have you taken any medicine/drug?

Not anymore. I took for 2 days.

a painkiller (Dorflex)

Have you broken your arm? Yes, I broke it in 2011.

Complaining about a past situation

I hate the AC here. When I went to...

I needed to carry my jacket all the seasons

The heating is turned on just in the end of...

Buy Something - Is not working
-> Jacket

I need to return my jacket. I need to change the size small to size medium.

A refund - a credit in my card.

I arrived

I am not going to have class anymore. Because I fell and I hurt myself.

I got my refund/money back.

May I see your receipt, please? (re-cit)

receipts /recits/

I throw in the trash.

receita (de bolo) - recipe /RÉ-cipe/

receita (de médico) - prescription

recibo - receipts /recits/

Have you tried to cook something with a recipe in English?

pancakes

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nephew /né-phew/

niece /nee-ci/

he hasn't answered me (but he will)

I was waiting for a bus

the bus had a problem

I had to go Isabela's council meeting

The principal showed us the school's rules

PTA meeting (parent, teachers association)

To attend a meeting (participate)

The agenda of the meeting (the topics)

5 to 6pm

I haven't finished yet

# data[].attributes.body
10 10 24

MODALS PERFECT RECAP

LISTENING

recap SUPERLATIVES + PERFECT

# data[].attributes.body
Using the Modals (can, could, should, would, must, may, might) to talk about the PAST. ARE OVER.

COULD + HAVE + V3

Eu poderia ter comido uma salada mais cedo

I could have eaten a salad earlier.

Ontem eu não poderia ter esquecido de pagar a conta.

Yesterday I couldn't have forgotten to pay the bill.

Você poderia ter me ligado ontem?

Could you have called me yesterday?

SHOULD + HAVE + V3 (Regrets)

Eu deveria ter dormido mais no final de semana.

I should've slept more on the weekend.

Eu não deveria ter bebido no domingo a noite.

I shouldn't have drunk Sunday night.

a friend's friend.

I didn't get lost (se perder, ficar perdido)

It's very confusing -

The house was built in 1910 - 114 years old.

3.5 million dollars in 1910.

WOULD + HAVE + V3 (conditional)

Eu teria chegado mais cedo se o onibus nao tivesse quebrado.

I would have arrived earlier if the bus hadn't broken.

Eu nao teria ido a Casa Loma sozinha mas a minha amiga me convidou.

I wouldn't have gone to Casa Lama alone but my friend asked me/invited me.

MUST + HAVE + V3 (deduction)

Eu devo ter feito alguma coisa errada.

I must have done something wrong.

Ele não deve ter sido avisado da reunião.

He mustn't have been warned about the meeting.

MAY/MIGHT + HAVE + V3 (possibility in the past)

Eu talvez tenha quebrado meu braço quando eu caí.

I may have broken my arm when I fell.

Eu talvez não tenha cozinhado o peru perfeitamente.

I might not have cooked the turkey perfectly.

Everyone brings their own dessert.

# data[].attributes.body
I gave up having ice-skating class

I gave up eating gluten

ANY VERB AFTER A PREPOSITION, WE USE THE GERUND (-ing)

After baking the cake...

Before serving the fish...

I'm good at cooking everything!

I'm bad at preparing sweets, candies, desserts.

Milk pudim

elbow (cotovelo)

I can't make a fist

I won't try again, it can happen again.

What could be your options in terms of a course to take?

I'm looking for a book club.

What denomination is the church?

Baptist Church (Grace)

Do you enjoy the services? (missa)

I have never been. (you can go someday)

70%

I never cheated (colar, trapacear)

I felt so guilty. I gave up cheating.

I cheated. I wrote 'Glue'

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02 10 24

MODALS PERFECT

LISTENING

recap SUPERLATIVES + PERFECT

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HOMEWORK - 25/09 - START WITH THE PHRASE IN PORTUGUESE!

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HOMEWORK - 25/09 - START WITH THE PHRASE IN PORTUGUESE!

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CAUSATIVE

I HAVE (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I GET (convince) MARY to PAY

I LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I MAKE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

MODALS

+I can get Mary to come earlier.

-I can't get Mary to come earlier.

? Can I get Mary to come earlier?

I can LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu posso deixar)

I could LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu poderia deixar)

I should LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu deveria deixar)

I must LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu tenho que deixar)

I may/might LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu talvez deixe)

I would LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu deixaria)

Would you let Isabela sleep in her friend's house?

Yes, I would.

I can't GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu posso concencer)

I could GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu poderia convencer)

I should GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu deveria convencer)

I must GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu tenho que convencer)

I may/might GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu talvez convenca)

I would GET (permit) SUSY to PAY

(eu convenceria)

------ THERE + MODAL + BE

There is a bakery in my street. (tem, existe, há)

There SHOULD be a bakery in my street.
(deveria ter)

Tem uma pessoa parada na frente da minha casa.

There is a person stopped in front of my house.

There CAN be a mistake in my bill.

(pode ter) um erro...

There COULD be more Brazilian supermarket in my neighborhood.

(poderia ter)

There SHOULD be less traffic on Mondays.

(deveria ter)

Deveria ter alguém aqui para me ajudar!

There should be someone here to help me!

There MAY/MIGHT be some noise tomorrow because of the renovations.

(talvez tenha)

Talvez tenha feijoada no sábado!

There might be feijoada Saturday!

There WOULD be more happy people if people received more money.

(teria) mais...

There MUST be a mistake! I don't buy these things, there must be a mistake.

(deve ter = deduction)

Deve ter alguém tentando me ligar.

There must be someone trying to call me.

Amazon didn't deliver my order, there must be an error in my address.

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Speaking (colloquial)

CAUSATIVES

CAUSE somebody to do something

HAVE - GET - LET - MAKE

ASK/PAY

(we are NOT doing the action)

GIVE THE RESPONSIBILITY/ASSIGN/DESIGNATE/PAY

HAVE + PERSON + VERB

I will have Jose clean the kitchen.

I will have my secretary call you.

I had John fix my car.

I had my nails done.

Where did you have your nails done?

I had my hair done.

Where did you have your hair done?

(routine) Do you have your nails done?

No, I do it myself.

Have you had your nails done there?

Beauty parlour, beauty saloons,

HAVE a person DO something for us.

I can't have my neighbor to clean his sidewalk.

CONVINCE
GET + person + to + VERB

I got Jose to clean the kitchen.

I will get Jose to make dinner.

I may get John to finish the job.

Maybe I can convince John to finish the job.

I can't get my daughter to not sleep after the class.

I can't get my husband to make exercise.

I got my mother to exercise more.

How did you get Mary to work late?

Como você convenceu Mary trabalhar até tarde?

I didn't get Carrefour to give me a discount.

ALLOW / PERMIT (give the permission)
LET + PERSON/THING + VERB

let - let - let (3)

Yesterday I let my brother use my car. (deixei)

I didn't let my sister use my car. (nao deixei)

I don't let my brother use my car.

I never let my daughter use my purse.

Did you let your daughter sleep yesterday in the afternoon? No, I didn't.

Tuesdays I can't let she sleeps after school.

Do you let the cat sleep in your bed?

Who let the cat's out?

Flex time

FORCE Or Require Someone To Take An Action

MAKE + PERSON + VERB

I made John clean his room.

I made my daughter clean her bathroom.

I can't make the employees work overtime. I can ask but I can't make them!

I would like to make Isabela clean her clothes.

I made her change the bedsheets.

I HAVE (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I GET (convince) MARY to PAY

I LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I MAKE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

I HAD (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I GOT (convince) MARY to PAY

I LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I MADE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

I will HAVE (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I will GET (convince) MARY to PAY

I will LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I will MAKE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

I can HAVE (designate/pay) JOHN CLEAN

I can GET (convince) MARY to PAY

I can LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

I can MAKE (force) ITAÚ GIVE a DISCOUNT

MODALS

I can LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu posso deixar)

I could LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu poderia deixar)

I should LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu deveria deixar)

I must LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu tenho que deixar)

I may/might LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu talvez deixe)

I would LET (permit) SUSY SLEEP

(eu deixaria)

I would ONLY let Isabela travel alone if she was 18 years old.

(Eu só deixaria ela viajar sozinha....)

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since yesterday I haven't watched television

I haven't watched television today yet.

yesterday I didn't watch tv.

I never lived in SP.

I've never lived in SP. (possible to change)

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18 09 24

MODALS PERFECT

LISTENING

recap SUPERLATIVES + PERFECT

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SUPERLATIVES WITH THE PERFECT

Switzerland is the most beautiful country I've ever visited.

Switzerland is one of the most expensive countries I've ever visited.

Norway is the most expensive country I've ever visited.

What is the best restaurant you've eaten in Canada?

I ate at Folco's and Il postino (the postman)

What did you eat in Il Postino?

I ate one pasta with salmon.

farming salmon. (aquaculture)

COMPARATIVES

longer than

SP is hotter than Toronto.

more expensive than

Is Toronto more expensive than Montreal?

SUPERLATIVES

the longest

This has been one of the hottest months in SP. (this can change)

Este tem sido...

Canada has the longest street in the world. Younge.

the most expensive

the least expensive

What's the least expensive supermarket in Canada?

The least expensive supermarket in Canada is No Frills.

SIMILAR

as long as (tao... longo... quanto)

as expensive as (tao caro quanto)

SP isn't as beautiful as Toronto.

Is Canadian television as good as Brazilian?

+

-

?

Globo Customer Service

to subscribe (assinar)

Do you subscribe Netflix?

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tao quanto - as ______adj______ as

SP é tão quente quanto Belo Horizonte.

SP is as hot as BH.

A comida brasileira é tão boa quanto a japonesa.

Brazilian food is as good as Japanese.

Netflix nao é tao boa quanto Apple tv.

Netflix isn't as good as Apple tv.

Futebol é tão irritante quanto basquete?

Is football as annoying as basketball? Both are annoying.

Is José as tall as Isabela? Yes, he is.

Isabela has my height. (altura) /hait/

Is McDonald's as tasty as Burger King?

I think so.

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POSSESSION

I - mine

She - hers.

He - his.

It - its.

You - yours.

They - theirs.

We - ours.

SUBJECT PRONOUN

(pronoun) VERB (pronoun)

I like her.

She likes me.

They like you.

You like them.

He likes us.

We like him.

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older. I am older than my sister. (Me, my sister)

SHORT WORDS +est

(o mais velho)

old - I am not the oldest son. I have an older sister.

clean - Is Toronto the cleanest city you have ever visited?

Toronto é a cidade mais limpa que você já visitou.

slow - He is the slowest employee in the company.

Ele é o funcionário mais devagar na empresa.

cold - What is the coldest temperature you have ever felt there? -33.C (but it's possible to change)

hot - What is the hottest place you have ever visited?

LONG WORDS (the most)

expensive - What is the most expensive restaurant you have eaten in Canada?

intelligent - Who is the most intelligent person you've met?

Quem é a pessoa mais inteligente que você já conheceu?

My father was ONE OF THE most intelligent people I've ever met. And one of the laziest people I've ever met.

boring - What's the most boring movie you've watched?

Qual o filme mais entediante que você já assistiu?

interesting - What's the most interesting movie you've watched? Pulp Fiction. (Tim Roth)

Rozencrantz and Guilderstern are dead. (Hamlet)

He is the most annoying guy in the city.

important - What's the most important thing in your life right now? One of the most important things in my life is to learn English.

IRREGULAR SUPERLATIVES

Good (better than) - the best

What's the best band in the world? Pink Floyd.

Bad (worse than) - the worst

What's the worst country you have visited? (it can change)

Ecuador

Far (farther than) - farthest (the most distant)

What's the farthest you have travelled in Canada from your home? 200km (can change)

xenophobic

xylophone

x /ze/

I joke with father... (make fun...)

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SHORT WORDS (adjectives)
QUALIFY comparison -
(small difference ----- medium ----- big difference)
A LITTLE/A BIT         SLIGHTLY       MUCH/EXTREMELY

big - My street is A LITTLE/SLIGHTLY/MUCH bigger than yours. (a sua) 900m - 9582

long - Your street isn't longer than mine.

short - My hair is EXTREMELY shorter than Isabela's. (hair)

Isabela's hair is shorter than mine. (do que o meu)

Isabela's hair is shorter than Ína's. (hair)

cold - I'm feeling MUCH colder than José.

(?) hot - Is there hotter than here?

Aí está mais quente do que aqui? Yes, it is, much hotter.

slow - In Canada, Do you have to drive slower than in SP?

Yes, I have to. (Yes, I do)

Mosquitos in Canada are slower than in Brazil.

In Brazil mosquitos are quicker. (faster)

(small difference ----- medium ----- big difference)
A LITTLE/A BIT         SLIGHTLY       MUCH/EXTREMELY

LONG WORDS - (portuguese) more... (less)

expensive - IS Canada more expensive than Brazil?

No, it isn't. It is slightly less expensive than Brazil.

intelligent - Are Dogs more intelligent than cats?

annoying - Are mosquitos more annoying than flies?

(pernilongo) (moscas)

interesting -

In your opinion, Are books more interesting than movies?

Do you think... books more interesting than movies? (se voce acha)

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES

Good - Is fish better than meat?

Bad - Is Canadian good worse than Brazilian? (pior)

Far - (more distant) Is Isabela's school farther than Jose's work?

Isabela's school is MUCH closer than Jose's work.

(a escola da...) (o trabalho do...)

*** Tv Series - Afterlife (Apple tv, Netflix)

One of the most beautiful series I have ever watched.

This song annoys me.

(me irrita)

(annoying - adjective) irritante

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I need more confidence

I need to be more confident

My uncle passed away.

Oh, I'm so sorry for you loss.

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11 09 24

TENSES REVIEW

Part III

MODALS PERFECT

LISTENING

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ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE

SMALL WORDS (+er)

SP is hotter than Toronto.

Toronto isn't bigger than SP.

Is subway faster than bus?

smaller

longer

colder

cheaper

BIG WORDS (3 or more syllables) (more....)

Is Canada more expensive than Brazil to buy food?

more amazing than

Is Toronto more interesting than BH?

I am not more intelligent than him.

SP is more dangerous than Toronto.

I spend more in SP to buy food than I spent in London.

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

good - better

bad - worse - The traffic is worse than SP

far - farther (more distant than)

worst (superlative)

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MODEL -

Verb - BE (ser/estar)

Noun -

PRESENT SIMPLE
ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I AM  – I AM NOT – AM I?)
+ I am tired.
- I am not hungry.
? Are you sleepy? Not at the moment.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY -

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED)+++ FUTURE WORD) = 100% sure
(I AM BEING – I AM NOT BEING – AM I BEING?)

+ I am being mean

(eu estou sendo)

+I am being fooled by Amazon!

(eu estou sendo enganada pela Amazon!)
- I am not being rational.
? Are you being well treated?

FUTURE – WILL
(Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

(I WILL BE - I WON'T BE - WILL I BE?)

+ I will be next Saturday at home.
- I won't be fooled! (eu nao vou ser enganada!)
? What time Will you be at home? Remember your curfew!

FUTURE – BE GOING TO
(Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

(I AM GOING TO BE - I AM NOT GOING TO BE – AM I GOING TO BE?)

+I am going to be at the pub next Friday.
-I am not going to be available tomorrow.
? Are you going to be available tomorrow from 9 to 11am?

PAST SIMPLE – (V2 - DID)

SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE
(I WAS – I WASN'T – WAS I?) (WE WERE – WE WEREN’T – WERE WE?)
+ Yesterday I was in the cinema.
- Last weekend I wasn't driving.
? Where were you today at 1pm? I was inside a bus coming home. There was a lot of empty seats.

PRESENT PERFECT
HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE - EXPERIENCE)

(I HAVE BEEN - I HAVEN'T BEEN - HAVE I BEEN?)

+I have been to the beach.

(eu já fui/estive)
- I haven't been to the desert.
? Have you been to the desert?

MODALS
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST - WILL

(I CAN BE - I CAN'T BE - CAN I BE) (I MAY BE – I MAY NOT BE – MAY I BE?)

+I can be at your office later.

(eu posso ser/estar)
- I can be there on time. (eu nao posso chegar a tempo)
? Can you be more specific?

I would be (eu estaria/seria)

I must be (eu devo ser/estar)

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MODEL -

Verb - BE

Noun -

PRESENT SIMPLE
ROUTINE/FACT  - ( I AM  – I AM NOT – AM I?)
+
-
?

PRESENT CONTINOUS
(BE+ ING)– SOMETHING HAPPENING NOW – TEMPORARY -

A FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (SCHEDULED)+++ FUTURE WORD) = 100% sure
(I AM BEING – I AM NOT BEING – AM I BEING?)

+
-
?

FUTURE – WILL
(Intention – Prediction – NEW Decision made now)

(I WILL BE - I WON'T BE - WILL I BE?)

+
-
?

FUTURE – BE GOING TO
(Plan – Prediction BASED on evidence)

(I AM GOING TO BE - I AM NOT GOING TO BE – AM I GOING TO BE?)

+
-
?

PAST SIMPLE – (V2 - DID)

SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST – IT IS OVER/CANNOT CHANGE
(I WAS – I WASN'T – WAS I?) (WE WERE – WE WEREN’T – WERE WE?)
+
-
?

PRESENT PERFECT
HAVE/HAS + V3) – PAST BUT WE ARE INCLUDING TODAY (IT'S NOT OVER – IT CAN CHANGE)

(I HAVE BEEN - I HAVEN'T BEEN - HAVE I BEEN?)

+
-
?

MODALS
CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD – MUST - WILL

(I CAN BE - I CAN'T BE - CAN I BE) (I MAY BE – I MAY NOT BE – MAY I BE?)

+
-
?

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START

LISTEN ONCE - no subtitles

CHECK

RECAP MODAL PERFECT

LISTEN AGAIN

I regret not spending time with my father.

I regret not travelling more

I regret not learning English before

I regret not having a big family

to regret (se arrepender)

mean girl (má)

grades (nota)

not + verb

to piss away (desperdicar) I pissed away all my money.

gap year (1 year working before University)

at least - (pelo menos)

I need at least 1h to wake up.

frightened  - (very afraid) (really scared)

ripple effect (efeito dominó)

let me down (to disappoint)

a novel (romance - books)

file for (dar entrada em documento)

He filed for divorce - He filed a lawsuit (em um processo)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8i6rUL4UIY

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70 People Ages 5-75 Answer: What's Your Biggest Regret? | Glamour

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CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

PRESENT - FUTURE

CAN = ability  (posso, poder)

I can drive. I can't speak Chinese. Can you cook trout?

COULD = options (poderia)

Tomorrow I could eat pizza.

SHOULD = advice (deveria)

I should eat less salt.

I shouldn't eat too much.

MAY / MIGHT = possibility, probability (talvez...)

I may go to downtown tomorrow.

(eu talvez vá... )

I may make my eyebrows.

On the weekend I may not walk outside, because I will walk inside.

(eu talvez nao ande... )

WOULD = conditional (...ria)

I would walk (andaria) I would buy (compraria) - I would be (eu seria, eu estaria)

I would like to sleep all day.

I wouldn't travel to India.

MUST = Obligation (have to) - eu tenho que, eu devo

I must wake up everyday at 6am.

I must remember to buy green leaves.

I mustn't forget to buy eggs and dairy.

Goat cheese - goal (objective, targets)

Goats love oats.

You must work harder (você tem que se esforçar mais)

------------------------------------------ PAST

MODALS PERFECT

MODAL + HAVE + V3

PAST OPTION - that you didn't take

I could have eaten less.

Eu poderia ter comido menos.

(REGRET - arrependimento)

I should have slept more.

Eu deveria ter dormido mais.

(POSSIBILITY)

I may have lost my wallet in the bus.

Eu talvez tenha perdido a minha carteira no ônibus.

(CONDITION - PAST)

I would have brought cheese from Minas if I knew...

Eu teria trazido queijo de Minas se eu soubesse...

I must have made a mistake. (DEDUCTION - Logical conclusion)

Eu devo ter cometido um erro

John is late for work, He must have lost the train.

John está atrasado para o trabalho, ele deve ter perdido o trem.

CAN - COULD - SHOULD - MAY - MIGHT - WOULD - MUST

PAST (INVERTED ORDER)

COULD

Eu poderia ter atravessado a rua na faixa de pedestres.

I could have crossed the street on the side walk (cross walk)

I could've crossed /crost/

(forget - forgot - V3 = forgotten)

Eu não poderia ter esquecido a janela aberta!

I couldn't have forgotten the window open!

Voce poderia ter me ligado antes?

Could you have called me before?

SHOULD (regrets)

Eu deveria ter me esforçado mais. (work)

I should have worked more (harder).

I should've worked harder.

Eu nao deveria ter dormido a tarde.

I shouldn't have slept in the afternoon.

Today Isabela didn't sleep in the afternoon. She went to make her nails. (she went to get her nails done.)

Where did you get your nails done?

(make - made - made)

Você deveria ter feito tanta comido?

Should you have made so much food?

MAY - MIGHT

(choose - chose - V3 = chosen)

Eu talvez tenha escolhido mal o meu curso.

I may have chosen badly my course/class.

Eu talvez não tenha prestado atenção às aulas.

I might not have paid attention to the classes.

(am/is/are - was/were - V3 = been)

Voce talvez tenha sido um pouco grosso?

May you have been a little rude?

rude - impolite

hood (capuz, capota)

hoodie

WOULD (conditional)

(Cut - cut - cut)

Eu teria cortado as minhas unhas sozinha se o salão estivesse fechado.

I would have cut my nails by myself (alone) if the saloon was closed.

I have always cut my nails by myself.

alone = (without other people)

by myself (sozinho, sem ajuda)

I would've cut...

Se eu nao tivesse mudado para o Canadá, Eu não teria ficado tanto tempo sem ver meus pais.

If I hadn't moved to Canada, I wouldn't have stayed so long without seeing my parents.

Se você não tivesse mudado para o Canadá,

voce teria tentado aprender patinar no gelo?

If you hadn't moved to Canada,

Would you have tried to learn ice skating?

Se você não tivesse mudado para o Canadá,

voce estaria estudando Ingles?

If you hadn't moved to Canada,

would you be learning English?

Have you tried to skate on the street? (roller blade)

MUST (deduction, logical conclusion)

(speak - spoke - spoken)

Eu devo ter falado besteira.

I must have spoken the wrong thing. bullshit.

I must've spoken....

Eu não devo ter causado uma impressão.

I mustn't have caused a good impression.

Você deve ter feito muito dinheiro?

Must you have made much money?

Tongue twister (trava lingua)

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. How many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

She sells seashells by the seashore.

Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter, so Betty bought better butter to make the bitter butter better.

# data[].attributes.body
AFTER any of those modals you MUST use a VERB.

CAN (ability)

I can cook

I can't paint my home.

Can you play a song?

COULD (options) (poderia)

Tomorrow I could make my nails.

I couldn't run on the street.

(polite requesting) Could you make a drink?

SHOULD (advice) (deveria)

I should practice more exercise, I walk 10km per day.

You should swim, it's a great exercise.

You should eat avocado as a night snack.

You should be at home before 9pm!

I shouldn't eat before sleeping (going to my bed)

You shouldn't sleep so late!

Should I read more? Yes, you should.

What time should I pick you up? half past 11.

WOULD (verb+ria, andaria, faria, compraria, gostaria, amaria)

(conditional)

If I had money, I would visit my parents.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a house here.

If I won the lottery, I wouldn't tell anybody.

If you won the lottery, where would you travel first?

and would you invest in what?

I'd invest in Real Estate (property)

I would never eat capybara.

(mesmo se) even if I had money, I would never travel to India.

MIGHT (talvez) (possibility/probability) (less sure - 40/60)

Tomorrow I might sleep more.

I might not cook tomorrow.

(uncommon) Might you order Chinese tomorrow?

MAY (talvez)  (possibility/probability) (50/50)

I may like volleyball.

I may not go downtown. I went downtown last Saturday.

(very polite request) May I use your toilet?

MUST (have to = dever) (obligation)

I must have dinner every day.

I mustn't forget to take my gift card to the dental office.

When you're driving there, must you wear the seatbelt?

Must you have insurance?

250 biweekly /by-weekly/

# data[].attributes.body
wildfires - queimadas

this week is colder

I don't know why

9th grade

5th - fifth /fif

nineth

eleventh

twelfth grade

close to my home is the ninth avenue

sixteenth

Every/Each one has its particularities

I spent more in Jundiaí than Toronto.

I called Amazon customer service

I came back to the office

she didn't fix my problem

My problem wasn't fixed. (cannot change)

My problem hasn't been fixed. (can change)

I have an appointment

dead flowers

You need (you have the option)

You must (you don't have the option)

What's your favorite cosine?

weight lift

swimming (swim - swam - swum)

Is there any place to swim there?

(curfew - the time a teenager MUST be at home)

What's her curfew?

half past 11.

I picked her up at the friend's home.

one point 2 million (1.2mi)

I took a train

The traffic is chaotic!

I drank whiskey

Have you ever received a fine/ticket?

Has he received a ticket?

Have you ever had to take the car to to be serviced (in the dealer)

service (maintenance)

under service (esta em manutencao)

not in service (not working)

The stop sign /sain/

license plate (placa) - DE - INA BR - JV

the signal /see gnal/