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Situation: During a busy evening shift, Sarah, a year 2 nursing student, is assigned to care for a patient with multiple medications and complex health conditions. While reviewing the patient's chart, Sarah realises that the patient's medication list is outdated and incomplete.

Background: Sarah has just completed her first year of nursing and is still getting accustomed to the fast-paced hospital environment. She is eager to prove herself as a capable nurse but feels overwhelmed by the complexity of the patient's case.

Assessment: Sarah assesses the situation by reviewing the patient's chart, speaking with her practice supervisor and the patient's doctor, and observing the patient's behavior and vital signs. She identifies potential risks associated with the outdated medication list, including medication errors and adverse reactions.

Recommendation: Sarah recommends that the doctor updates the patient's medication list with the current medications and dosages, and discuss the changes with the patient. She also suggests that she review and update the patient's care plan to ensure it is accurate and effective. Additionally, Sarah recommends that she double-check the patient's medications before administering them to ensure accuracy.

Professionalism:  How has Sarah demonstrated professionalism?

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In your groups prepare a presentation for the morning and afternoon sessions to be delivered on Thursday and Friday afternoon.

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Before watching the video:

1. What do you know about the NHS Patient Safety Strategy?

2. Can you think of any current patient safety issues or challenges facing the NHS?

3. How important do you think patient safety is in the NHS?

4. What are some potential consequences of inadequate patient safety in the NHS?

5. Have you ever experienced a safety incident or near miss while receiving care in the NHS? If so, what happened?

After watching the video:

1. What are the key objectives of the NHS Patient Safety Strategy, as outlined in the video?

2. How does the strategy aim to improve patient safety in the NHS?

3. What are some of the specific measures proposed to reduce harm and improve patient safety, such as those related to medication safety, infection control, and staff training?

4. How does the strategy prioritise patient involvement and engagement in patient safety initiatives?

5. What role do clinicians, managers, and patients have to play in implementing the strategy?

Additional questions:

1. How does the strategy align with existing patient safety initiatives and policies in the NHS?

2. What are some potential challenges or barriers to implementing the strategy, and how can these be overcome?

3. How will progress towards achieving the strategy's objectives be monitored and evaluated?

4. What impact do you think the strategy will have on patient outcomes and experiences in the short and long term?

5. Are there any aspects of the strategy that you are particularly excited or concerned about?

These questions can help you engage with the content of the video and reflect on your understanding of the NHS Patient Safety Strategy and its goals for improving patient safety in England.

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Introducing the NHS Patient Safety Strategy

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Introducing the NHS Patient Safety Strategy

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HSIB - The impact of staff fatigue on patient safety

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HSIB - The impact of staff fatigue on patient safety

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Patient safety is a fundamental aspect of providing quality healthcare. Healthcare providers need to prioritise the safety of patients by implementing strategies to prevent harm and minimise risks during the provision of care. After watching the video look at this Report template - NHSI website (England.nhs.uk) what are some key points that nurses can consider to keep patients safe? as well as maintain professionalism?

Discussion Questions before watching the video:

1. What does patient safety mean to you? Share your understanding of patient safety and how it relates to your role as a nursing student.

2. Can you recall a situation where patient safety was compromised? Share a personal experience or one you've witnessed, and discuss what you learned from it.

3. How do you currently prioritise patient safety in your nursing practice? Share strategies you use to ensure patient safety, such as hand hygiene, medication administration, or fall prevention.

4. How do you think a lack of self-care can impact patient safety? Discuss how fatigue, burnout, or compassion fatigue can affect your ability to provide safe care to patients.

Key points from the NHSI Report template:

1. Prioritise patient safety: Identify and mitigate risks, and prioritise patient safety in all aspects of care.

2. Follow guidelines and protocols: Adhere to established guidelines and protocols for medication administration, infection control, and other aspects of patient care.

3. Maintain accurate records: Ensure accurate and up-to-date records of patient care, including medication administration, test results, and treatment plans.

4. Communicate effectively: Communicate clearly and effectively with patients, families, and colleagues to ensure understanding and cooperation.

5. Stay vigilant: Stay alert at all times, reporting any concerns or near-miss events to ensure continuous improvement.

Discussion Questions after watching the video:

1. What strategies did you learn from Kirsty's story that you can apply to your practice? How can you implement these strategies to improve patient safety?

2. How do you plan to prioritise patient safety in your future nursing practice? What steps will you take to ensure patient safety in your daily work?

3. How can you maintain professionalism while dealing with challenging situations? Share strategies for coping with stress, fatigue, or burnout while providing high-quality patient care.

4. What support systems can you put in place to prevent burnout and maintain self-care? Discuss ways to prioritise self-care as a nurse.

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Responding to patient safety incidents - Kirsty's story

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Responding to patient safety incidents - Kirsty's story

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Patient safety is a fundamental aspect of providing quality healthcare. Healthcare providers need to prioritise the safety of patients by implementing strategies to prevent harm and minimise risks during the provision of care. After watching the video look at this Report template - NHSI website (England.nhs.uk) what are some key points that nurses can consider to keep patients safe? as well as maintain professionalism?

Discussion Questions before watching the video:

1. What do you consider to be the most significant challenge in prioritising patient safety in your daily practice? How do you think this challenge could be addressed?

2. How do you currently prioritise your well-being as a healthcare professional? What strategies do you use to manage stress and maintain your physical and mental health?

3. Have you ever experienced or witnessed a patient safety incident? If so, how did it impact you, and what did you learn from the experience?

4. What role do you think leadership plays in promoting patient safety and staff well-being? How can leaders support healthcare professionals in prioritising patient safety and maintaining their own well-being?

Key points from the NHSI Report template:

1. Prioritising patient safety: Healthcare providers should prioritise patient safety by implementing strategies to prevent harm and minimise risks during the provision of care.

2. Root cause analysis: Conducting a root cause analysis (RCA) is essential in identifying the underlying causes of patient safety incidents and implementing corrective actions to prevent recurrence.

3. Communication: Effective communication among healthcare providers is crucial in preventing patient safety incidents. This includes clear and timely communication with patients, families, and other healthcare professionals.

4. Teamwork and collaboration: A multidisciplinary team approach is essential in providing quality care and preventing patient safety incidents.

5. Staff well-being: The well-being of healthcare professionals is critical in maintaining patient safety. Burnout, fatigue, and lack of self-care can compromise professional judgment and increase the risk of errors.

Discussion Questions after watching the video:

1. How did Andrew Sheldrick's story resonate with you? What did you find most compelling about his experience, and how did it relate to your practice?

2. What strategies do you think are most effective in preventing patient safety incidents? Have you implemented any of these strategies in your practice, or would you like to?

3. How do you think healthcare providers can better support each other in prioritising patient safety and maintaining their well-being? What role do you think peer-to-peer support plays in promoting a culture of safety?

4. What changes do you think are necessary to promote a culture of safety within your organisation? How can leaders support these changes, and what role can individual healthcare professionals play?

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Situation: Emily, a year 2 nursing student, is assigned to care for a patient who has a history of falls. While getting ready to administer medication, Emily notices that the patient's call bell is not within easy reach.

Background: Emily has been assigned to this patient for several days and is starting to feel complacent about their care. She is also feeling tired from a long shift and is struggling to stay focused.

Assessment: Emily assesses the situation by evaluating the patient's risk factors for falls, including their history of falls, mobility limitations, and cognitive impairment. She also assesses her own fatigue level and recognises that it may affect her ability to provide safe care.

Recommendation: Emily recommends that she moves the call bell to a more accessible location, such as beside the patient's bed or on their nightstand. She also suggests that she reevaluates her own fatigue levels and takes regular breaks to ensure she can provide safe care.

Professionalism:  How has Emily demonstrated professionalism?

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Patient safety is a fundamental aspect of providing quality healthcare. Healthcare providers need to prioritise the safety of patients by implementing strategies to prevent harm and minimise risks during the provision of care. After watching the video look at this Report template - NHSI website (England.nhs.uk) what are some key points that nurses can consider to keep patients safe? as well as maintain professionalism?

Discussion Questions before watching the video:

1. How do you currently prioritise patient safety in your daily practice? Share your strategies for ensuring patient safety, such as double-checking medication or verifying identity before administering treatments.

2. Have you ever experienced a near miss or an incident while providing care? Share your experience, what happened, and how it was handled. What did you learn from the incident?

3. What do you think is the most significant challenge in maintaining patient safety in healthcare? Share your thoughts on common obstacles, such as staff shortages, inadequate resources, or complex patient needs.

4. How do you currently handle stress and burnout in your practice? Share your coping mechanisms, such as taking breaks or seeking support from colleagues.

Key points from the NHSI Report template:

1. Identify and report near misses: Recognise near misses as opportunities to learn and improve patient safety. Report incidents promptly and thoroughly to identify root causes and implement corrective actions.

2. Implement effective handovers: Ensure clear, concise, and timely handovers between healthcare professionals to prevent misunderstandings and miscommunications that can lead to harm.

3. Prioritise patient-centred care: Focus on providing patient-centred care by involving patients in decision-making, respecting their autonomy, and addressing their individual needs and preferences.

4. Maintain a culture of open communication: Encourage open and honest communication among healthcare professionals to facilitate timely identification and reporting of incidents, and to promote a culture of transparency and accountability.

5. Address burnout and fatigue: Recognize the impact of burnout and fatigue on patient safety and prioritise self-care strategies to mitigate these risks.

Discussion Questions after watching the video:

1. What strategies from the video do you plan to implement in your practice to improve patient safety? Share your thoughts on how you will incorporate effective handovers, patient-centred care, or open communication into your daily practice.

2. How can you prioritise self-care as a health professional to maintain patient safety? Share your thoughts on how taking care of yourself can lead to better patient outcomes and improved job satisfaction.

3. What steps would you take if you witnessed or experienced a near miss or incident during your shift? Share your response to identifying root causes, reporting incidents, and implementing corrective actions.

4. How can we create a culture of open communication and transparency in our healthcare setting? Share your ideas on promoting a culture that encourages reporting of incidents, addressing burnout, and prioritising patient safety.

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Situation: Michael, a year 2 nursing student, is assigned to care for a patient who has a diagnosis of sepsis. While assessing the patient's vital signs, Michael notices that their temperature is elevated but fails to notify his Practice supervisor or the doctor.

Background: Michael has been under pressure to complete his clinical hours on time and feels overwhelmed by the complexity of this sepsis case. He is also concerned about being seen as incompetent if he asks for help.

Assessment: Michael assesses the situation by recognising that sepsis is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment. He also acknowledges his own limitations in managing such a complex condition.

Recommendation: Michael recommends that he notifies his practice supervisor immediately and requests guidance on how to manage the patient's sepsis. He also suggests that he prioritises accurate documentation of the patient's vital signs and communicates any changes in their condition to their healthcare team.

Professionalism:  How has Michael demonstrated professionalism?

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Before watching the video featuring 6 nurses sharing their self-care advice discuss the following:

1. What does self-care mean to you? In your groups share your understanding of self-care and how you prioritise it in your daily life.

2. What are some common stressors you face as a nursing student? Share the most challenging aspects of your nursing program and how you cope with stress.

3. What self-care activities have you tried in the past? Share any self-care activities you've tried, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time with friends. What did you like about them? What didn't you like?

4. How do you take breaks during long study sessions or shifts? Share your strategies for taking breaks, such as stretching, deep breathing, or stepping outside. How do you make sure you're not neglecting self-care during these breaks?

5. What would you like to learn more about self-care from this video? Share what you hope to gain from watching the video and learning about self-care from experienced nurses.

After watching the video, students can reflect on the following questions:

* Did you learn any new self-care strategies from the video?

* Which self-care tips resonated with you the most?

* How can you incorporate these strategies into your daily life?

* What challenges do you face in prioritising self-care as a nursing student?

* How can you support your peers in practicing self-care?

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Issues of Concern

Preventing the spread of contamination from the medical provider to the patient and vice versa is essential. When first approaching the patient, the medical professional must verify the patient's identity and review their chart. This process will allow the provider to give the proper treatments and make changes based on the individual's needs. To maintain cleanliness, health care providers should always disinfect their hands before touching the patient. If needed, the provider can wear gloves for various procedures.

A clear and strong line of communication is needed between the health care provider and the patient. Patients can be embarrassed to discuss their hygiene needs, particularly when it comes to discussing elimination. Openly discussing these topics with patients can help them feel more comfortable and give the health care provider a detailed view of their needs.[1]

A lack of hygiene can result in a multitude of adverse effects, such as hospital-acquired infections.[2] While performing hygienic tasks is important to maintain the patient's health, too much hygiene can be detrimental. For example, regularly brushing and styling patient's hair can help them maintain their self-esteem. On the other hand, excessive brushing can result in the formation of acne mechanica near the hairline.[3] Finding a balance of how frequently to assist the patient in maintaining optimal hygiene will help them feel their best.

Besides the physical act of assisting with hygiene, the medical provider's attitude can influence a patient's hygiene behaviors. A study found that a caregiver's attitude towards the elderly's ability to eliminate using a toilet had a substantial effect on the patient's ability to complete toilet elimination.[4] Being aware of a patient's limitations and maintaining an optimistic view of the patient's ability to support their hygiene can benefit the patient.

Clinical Significance

Basic hygiene for adults includes oral hygiene, bathing, eliminating, shaving, brushing, and styling hair. These may seem like basic procedures, but they are vital to maintaining the patient's health. To be effective at assisting the patient, it is important to stay up to date with the nursing literature.

The inability to properly maintain hygienic conditions for patients can lead to a multitude of adverse effects. Patients who have suffered a stroke need assistance maintaining proper oral hygiene to prevent outcomes like aspiration pneumonia or opportunistic infections.[5] Bathing patients regularly, particularly those in the ICU, can help prevent gram-negative infections.[6] Assisting patients with elimination can prevent Clostridium difficile infections.[7] All of these hygienic practices work as preventative measures to help the patient maintain their health.

Nursing, Allied Health, and Interprofessional Team Interventions

Before any personal hygiene procedure, the health care professional must decontaminate their hands and identify the patient they are treating.

Bathing

Assisting patients with bathing is a fundamental aspect of maintaining the patient's hygiene. Bathing not only helps the patient to feel clean and gain a sense of normalcy, but bathing also removes dirt, perspiration, bacteria, and dead skin as well as promotes blood circulation. Bathing practices may vary from patient to patient based on their personal, religious, and individual needs.

There are a few types of baths that patients may require. The first type is bathing in a bathroom, which consists of a typical shower or bath. This process is for patients who are ambulatory enough to reach the bathroom and need minimal assistance bathing themselves. Next is a self-wash in bed; this is for patients who can bathe themselves but are not able to get out of bed. This approach may also require minimal assistance. Lastly would be a bed bath; this is for patients who cannot get out of bed and cannot bathe themselves.

Bathing in a bed can either use a washbasin filled with water or with pre-packaged cloths that do not require water. The wipes that do not require water are known as bag baths. If using a wash bin and cloths, ensure they are single-use items to prevent the spread of bacteria. In 2017, a systematic review found that patients preferred a standard water and soap bath, but the bag bath was a useful alternative.[6] When assisting with bathing, gloves are not a requirement, but patients may prefer the helper to use gloves.[8] When bathing elderly patients, it helps use moisturizing soaps or mixtures of water and oil soaks with lotion to prevent dryness.[9] [Level 2] Bathing toiletries should be either assigned to a specific patient or should be single-use items to prevent the spread of infection between patients.

Bathing in a Bathroom

With this type of bath, assistance may be given to

Help the patient reach the bathroom.

Check to see if the patient needs to use the restroom before showering.

Run the water. Make sure to start the water off cool to prevent large amounts of steam. Once the water is warmed up, check the temperature with an elbow to assess for an appropriate and comfortable temperature. Recommended temperatures for bathing are 115 degrees F. Ask the patient to test the water to see if the temperature is comfortable to them.

Provide a shower chair, if necessary.

Place all necessary toiletries in an easily accessible spot.

Remain nearby in case the patient needs more help.

Self-Wash in Bed

Equipment needed includes clean bed linen, washcloths, clean clothes, disposable washbasin, disposable apron, bath towels, toiletries, linen skip, disposable wipes, a plastic bag to dispose of wipes, and non-sterile gloves if needed for protection or patient preference.

With this type of bath, assistance may be given to

Ensure the patient has privacy while bathing.

Warm the room and provide sheets to prevent the patient from becoming cold while bathing.

Explain the procedure of using a water basin to clean oneself.

Specify that the patient should wash their genitals last. When washing the genitals, provide disposable wipes and ask that the patient disposes of them in a plastic waste bag that you have provided.

Warm water may stimulate the need to urinate. Provide a bedpan and explain to the patient that it may be needed.

Provide a washbasin filled three-fourths of the way with warm water, make sure the water is a comfortable temperature by placing your elbow under the running water before filling the pan.

Ensure that all necessary toiletries are available such as the washbasin of water, cloths, soap, bath towel, disposable wipes, and a plastic bag to dispose of wipes.

If needed, help undress the patient and cover the patient with a blanket.

If the patient needs help cleaning their back or anal area, they must first clean their front by themselves. Once the patient has completed cleaning their front, instruct the patient to turn on their side and place a towel under them. Wash, rinse, and dry the back. After finishing the back, move on the buttock. Use disposable wipes and immediately place used wipes into a plastic waste bin. If disposable wipes are not available, fill the wash bin with clean water, and use fresh cloths. Be sure to clean from front to back to avoid fecal matter entering the genitals. For male patients, hold the penis with one hand and wash the penis from the meatus to the base with the other. If the patient has foreskin around their penis, retract the foreskin and repeat washing the penis from meatus to base. Wash the scrotum and pat the area dry. Finish by cleaning the rectum last.

Bed Bath

This type of bath requires the most assistance. Allow the patient to help as much as they are able to. First, ensure that the room is warm and there is privacy by shutting windows, closing doors, or drawing a curtain closed. Secure all the necessary toiletries, clean bed linen, washcloths, clean clothes, disposable washbasin, disposable apron, bath towels, patient toiletries, linen skip, disposable wipes, a plastic bag to dispose of wipes, and non-sterile gloves if needed for protection or patient preference. Have a urinal or bedpan on hand, as warm water may cause the patient to need to urinate. Ensure that the patient's bed is at the proper height.

There are two options for performing a bed bath. One is using disposable wipes, and the other is traditional soap in water.[6] Particular attention should be taken to give regular baths to those in intensive care units as gram-negative infections are a major cause of mortality in this setting.[10] [Level 3] While some small studies have found chlorhexidine bathing reduces gram-negative infections, a metanalysis has found no benefit. Follow facility guidelines when choosing a bathing method.[11][2] Level 1]

If using the traditional water and soap method, fill a single-use wash bin ¾ of the way full of warm water. Confirm that the water is a comfortable temperature by placing your elbow under the running water before filling the pan. Wash your hands and put on a disposable apron. First, explain the procedure to the patient and ask whether they prefer to use soap on their face. Remove any glasses or hearing aids from the patient. Place a towel under the patient's chins and proceed to wash the patient's neck, face, and ears. Clean the patient's glasses and/or hearing aids and return them to the patient. Use a patting motion when drying to prevent excess friction.

Remove the patient's shirt and cover them with a blanket. Only expose the area that is being cleaned. Wash cephalad to caudal and from contralateral to ipsilateral. Using this method, start with the contralateral arm and clean from proximal to distal. Make sure to separate the skin folds and clean in-between. Use the same procedure for the caudal half of the patient. When cleaning the genital area of a patient, roll the patient onto their side. Make sure to use disposable wipes and wipe from front to back when cleaning the genitals. This process will prevent urinary tract infections. Immediately dispose of used wipes into the plastic waste bag. If disposable wipes are not available, fill the basin with clean water, and use new cloths. Once the patient is entirely clean, help the patient to dress and place new sheets on the bed.

Dental Care

Dental care can be a relatively simple procedure to maintain the patient's hygiene. Let the patient contribute to this routine as much as they can. First, put on gloves and explain to the patient what you are going to do. If the patient is NPO, ensure that they do not swallow anything. Place a towel across the patient's chest to keep them dry and prop the patient's head up to a 45-degree angle or greater. If the patient is conscious, provide mouthwash in a cup. Instruct the patient to rinse their mouth and spit. Place a dime-sized amount of toothpaste on a toothbrush and brush all surfaces of the teeth. Provide more mouthwash and have the patient rinse and spit. Floss the teeth by pressing the floss between the teeth up to the gums. Cup the floss in a "C" shape and pull down. Repeat for every surface between teeth. Have the patient rinse and spit one more time.

If the patient is unconscious, the head will need to be propped up to 45 degrees or more and turned to the side. Place a towel on the side of the patient's head to catch drool and place an emesis basin under the patient's chin. Pull the mouth open by pressing down on the patient's chin, taking care not to place fingers into the patient's mouth. Brush and floss the patient's teeth in a similar manner to the conscious patient. Use a wet mouth swab to wipe the patient's mouth and tongue. Apply moisturizer to the patient's lips.

If the patient has dentures, these will need cleaning. First, line the sink where the dentures will be cleaned with a towel. The towel is to protect the dentures if they are accidentally dropped. If the dentures suffer damage, they are expensive to replace, and the patient will not be able to eat. Next, place on gloves and remove the dentures from the patient's mouth into an emesis bin lined by a paper towel. Bring the dentures over to the sink and use toothpaste or denture cleaner to clean the dentures thoroughly. After cleaning, rinse the dentures with cool water and place them into a denture cup filled with water, denture solution, or mouthwash. Return the dentures to the patient. Denture training for nursing home staff results in improved denture care. Thus, educating health care providers will benefit the patient's oral care.[12] [Level 2]

Hair Care

Haircare is a vital part of the hygiene routine. While hair does not need washing every day, brushing the patient's hair can boost their self-esteem and prevent knots from forming. Before touching the patient, sanitize your hands and use disposable gloves. Warm the water to about 115 degrees F and check the temperature with your elbow to ensure it is comfortable. Fill a pitcher with the warm water and bring it over to the patient. Bring the patient's head as close to the top of the bed as is safe. Place a towel under the patient's shoulder blades and a waterproof bed protector under the head. Bring the edges of the bed protector up on the sides, so water does not spill over the bed. Wrap another towel around the patient's neck. Underneath the patient's head, place a water basin to collect any excess water. Submerge a washcloth in the warm water and wring the washcloth out until it is damp. Set the damp washcloth over the patient's eyes. Some hospitals will require cotton balls to be placed in the patient's ears; check with your facility to see their hair washing procedures. Use a cup to pour water gently over the patient's hair. Use shampoo and massage it into the patient's scalp. Thoroughly wash out the shampoo. Repeat the shampoo and rinse as many times as needed. Repeat the same procedure with conditioner if needed. Remove all of the washing equipment and place a clean, dry towel under the patient's head. Bring the pillow back underneath the patient's head. Dry the patient's hair by rubbing it with a dry towel. Assist the patient with brushing and styling their hair.

Washing a patient's hair does not need to be done every day, but daily brushing can prevent it from tangling. Brushing will also distribute oils evenly along the hair shaft. To brush hair, begin brushing gently towards the ends and slowly progress towards the roots. If there is a particularly difficult section of hair to comb, hold the hair near the scalp to prevent excess pulling. If there is an extremely difficult tangle, petroleum jelly may be helpful by applying a small amount and massaging it into the hair tangle. Help the patient style their hair in the manner they prefer. Disinfect the combing materials and return them to their proper area.

Nail Care

Nail care gives the patient a neat appearance and helps prevent them from scratching themselves. Regular nail care can remove bacteria from underneath the fingernails to help prevent infections. Take the time to observe the patient's nails, fingers, and toes. Note and report any swelling, thick or brittle nails, changes in nail texture, changes in nail color, exquisite tenderness, or foot ulcers. Special care is necessary for a patient who has diabetes.

Before beginning nail care, wash your hands. Nail care is possible after a bath or after soaking the nails in warm soapy water for 10 minutes. Once the nails are done soaking, place the hands on a towel. Use an orange stick to remove dirt that is underneath the nails. Clean the orange stick with a paper towel before moving to the next nail. Once the nails are clean, proceed to use nail clippers and trim the nails if necessary. Trim the nail straight and close to the nailbed but leave some room, so you do not cut the patient. Smooth nails with a file if the cut edges are rough. Rub lotion on the patient's hands. Repeat the same steps for the patient's feet. If the patient has diabetes, is it of utmost importance to maintain proper foot hygiene. When trimming the toenails of a diabetic patient, ensure there is proper lighting, and take special care to trim the nails in a straight line to avoid cutting the patient's foot.

Nursing, Allied Health, and Interprofessional Team Monitoring

Patients should receive continuous monitoring for proper hygiene. The frequency of assisting patients will depend on the patient's medical status and the patient's cultural and personal beliefs. Some patients may have a preference for when to perform specific hygienic tasks. For example, patients who follow the Islamic religion may prefer to wash their bodies before praying and may prefer to use water over hand sanitizer when washing their hands.[13] Those who practice Buddhism may prefer to bathe before bed.

It is also essential to monitor the patient when assisting with hygienic tasks. For example, bathing the patient is an opportunity to check for lesions or bed sores. Helping patients with elimination is an opportunity to monitor for signs of a Clostridium difficile infection. If a patient is suspected of having infectious diarrhea, they should undergo evaluation for the cause of infection and isolated to prevent infecting other patients. While assisting patients with hygienic tasks in the perineal area, the provider should wear a gown and gloves.[7]

Using a combination of current evidenced-based practices, open communication with the patient to discover their preferences, and frequent monitoring will allow for the best care possible for the patient.

References

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Groven FM, Zwakhalen SM, Odekerken-Schröder G, Joosten EJ, Hamers JP. How does washing without water perform compared to the traditional bed bath: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2017 Jan 25;17(1):31. [ PMC free article: PMC5264342 ] [ PubMed: 28118815 ]

7.

8.

9.

Cowdell F, Jadotte YT, Ersser SJ, Danby S, Lawton S, Roberts A, Dyson J. Hygiene and emollient interventions for maintaining skin integrity in older people in hospital and residential care settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 23;1(1):CD011377. [ PMC free article: PMC6996088 ] [ PubMed: 32006460 ]

10.

Siwakoti S, Subedi A, Sharma A, Baral R, Bhattarai NR, Khanal B. Incidence and outcomes of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria infections in intensive care unit from Nepal- a prospective cohort study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7:114. [ PMC free article: PMC6158849 ] [ PubMed: 30275945 ]

11.

12.

Brady M, Furlanetto D, Hunter RV, Lewis S, Milne V. Staff-led interventions for improving oral hygiene in patients following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD003864. [ PubMed: 17054189 ]

13.

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Assisting Patients With Personal Hygiene

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Assisting patients with basic hygiene not only creates a personal connection between the health care provider and the patient but also is vital to maintaining the patient's health. It is the responsibility of the health care professional to balance the proper amount of grooming.

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Urinary Incontinence: types, causes & treatments  - Ask A Nurse | @LevelUpRN

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Find in Chapter 8 the procedures for personal care that you have seen in the video and compare them.

Can we do anything different?

What advise would you give to the nurses in the video to perform this procedures better?

Why would you make those changes?

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Think about how these self-care suggestions can help and give examples to support

1. Get enough sleep:

2. Stay hydrated:

3. Exercise regularly:

4. Eat a balanced diet:

5. Practice mindfulness:

6. Connect with others:

7. Set boundaries:

8. Take breaks:

9. Seek support:

10. Practice gratitude:

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ROYAL COLLEGE OF NURSING - How Would You Feel?

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Dignity, Privacy and Confidentiality: Deteriorating Patient: Assessment, Recognition and Management

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Lesson Goal
To empower Year 2 nursing students with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to prioritize self-care and promote patient safety in their professional practice.

Lesson Outcomes

1. Understand the importance of self-care for maintaining patient safety:

2. Identify and report near misses and incidents:

3. Prioritize patient-centred care and effective communication:

4. Apply knowledge of patient safety principles to real-life scenarios:

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Help with basic needs

Making sure that a person's basic needs are met is a vital part of good-quality care. You should get the support you need to be as independent as possible, and you should get help to carry out everyday tasks if necessary, particularly if you are in hospital.

Personal care

If you need help with personal care (for example, relating to continence, personal hygiene and comfort), you should be asked regularly about what help you need. You should get help when you need it, and your privacy should be respected.

Food and drink

When you are in hospital, healthcare professionals or other staff should make sure that you have enough food and drink, which is placed so that you can reach it easily. They should encourage you to eat, and if necessary help you to do this.

Pain

If you are in pain, healthcare professionals should ask you regularly about this. They should offer you pain relief and adjust the dose as needed.

Medicines for long-term conditions

If you are already taking medicines for a long-term condition when you are admitted to hospital, your doctor or nurse may discuss with you whether you want and are able to carry on being responsible for taking these medicines (rather than staff looking after them).

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Patient experience in adult NHS services: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS services

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This guideline covers the components of a good patient experience. It aims to make sure that all adults using NHS services have the best possible experience of care

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