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1) Mej Muhammad Fikri - Defence Diplomacy as a Strategic Instrument : Safeguarding Singapore’s National Interests

2) Lt Cdr Ridzuan RMN - The Future of MASS and Malaysia: Law Enforcement Challenges and Maritime Security Implications

3) Mej Khairul Nizam RMAF - Airspace Sovereignty Challenges for ASEAN Countries with Unresolved Maritime

and Land Borders

4) Maj Murray - The Quiet Role of Malaysia in Australia's Northern Defence Architecture

5) Mayor (P) Bayu Ardiyarta - Indonesia’s Capital Shift to Borneo: Opportunities and Challenges for Malaysia in Trade, Infrastructure, and Regional Cooperation

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THEME: The Influence of security between China and  Afghanistan reflect towards the Taliban Economy

Category: Security and Economy

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Security over economy by CN in Afgh amid great power competition?

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Afghanistan as a Strategic-Security Concern for China

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Afghanistan as a Strategic-Security Concern for China

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1. Security and Stability - How's Afghanistan instability challenges China's Regional security and investment plans?

2. Economic Integration - Barriers to Afghanistan's participation in China's belt and road initiative.

3. Regional Cooperation - Tensions between China and neighbour's region.

4. Resource Exploitation - Risk of unsustainable mining and resources extraction by Chinese firms.

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Categorize:

1. China assertive influence towards Afghanistan using Pakistan as proxy

2. Failure of US course of action in Afghanistan

Theme:

China interest towards afghanistan economic and power vacuum

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Theme

China’s Security-First Strategy in Afghanistan after U.S. Withdrawal

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Theme 1: China's Influence Towards Afghanistan Economic Security

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Theme 1: China's Influence Towards Afghanistan Economic Security

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Open Coding:

-   Resource extraction of valuable minerals (rare earth minerals)

-   Iron, copper, and gold

-   World’s largest deposits of lithium: a rare earth mineral critical to developing technology for the green economy, eg: electric vehicle batteries

-   Oil extraction - Xinjiang Central Asia Petroleum and Gas Company (CAPEIC).

-   Copper: Mes Aynak copper mine in Logar province - world’s second-largest deposit of copper.

-   CPEC

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The existing literature extensively examines China’s interests and engagement in Afghanistan; however, it lacks a systematic assessment of whether China’s security-first, non-interventionist approach has produced tangible security outcomes, particularly in relation to terrorism containment and regional stability.

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Ca 2: National Security & Border Stability

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Ca 2: National Security & Border Stability

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Open Coding:

CN’s primary interest: security

-   Wakhan Corridor

-   Constructing additional border outposts in Tajikistan

-   Uyghur jihadists with ties to separatists in Xinjiang

-   East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM)

-   Turkestan Islamic Party (TIP)

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Ca 3: Regional Geopolitics and Great Power Dynamics

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Ca 3: Regional Geopolitics and Great Power Dynamics

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Open Coding:

-   China has consistently respected the Taliban as legitimate long-term political actors.

-   Taliban have found China to be a valuable source of economic and political support for its regime.

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Ca (Categorizing)

Security

Political

Economic

Strategic

Themes (T)

How does China engage with Afghanistan after the US withdrawal to safeguard its security interests while managing political instability and economic risk?

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lamsum tam pamham

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Test

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bai durian wehhhh

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please fill up the blank in section 1 first 

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please fill up the blank in section 1 first 

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ok sir

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what to do

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Testing

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Problem Statement China's economic Presence in Malaysia

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Problem Statement China's economic Presence in Malaysia

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Hello

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Wisdom in Unity, Strength in Purpose

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Hi

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Step by step

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Synd 9

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haii..

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Halo Dr

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