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2540 BC- Egyptians built largest and grandest pyramid

built for King Khufu

equal to size of 48- story pyramid

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Seven Wonder of the Ancient World: Khufu's Great Pyramid

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So what happened to Khufu's mummy and treasure? Nobody knows. Extensive explorations have found no other chambers or passageways. Still one must wonder if, perhaps in this one case, the King and his architects outsmarted both the ancient thieves and modern archaeologists and that somewhere in, or below, the last wonder of the ancient world, rests Khufu and his sacred gold.

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thousands of people

years of work

most done by farmers

entrance faced north

studied heavens and developed

principles of astronomy

365 day calendar

basis for our modern calendar

mathematics- system of written numbers based on 10

fractions

found stone

cut stone into huge blocks with copper tools

tied blocks to wooden sleds

pulled them to Nile over path "paved" with logs

loaded stones onto barges

unloaded blocks

dragged/pushed up ramps into place

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no ordinary tomb

mountainlike pyramids of stone

structures- protected bodies of dead pharaohs

what were some threats?

pyramid held supplies for pharaoh

clothing, furniture, jewelry and food

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hopeful - going to "better" place

"Book of the Dead"

Pharaoh and elite could enjoy afterlife

needed body for journey

protect body- embalming

priest removed organs

salt (natron) applied to body

dry

body-filled with spices and perfumes

stitched closed

cleaned with oils, tightly wrapped with strong

strips of linen

wrapped body - coffin

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Prepare the body of Ramose, officer to the king, for burial

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large part of Egypt's culture

worshipped many deities (W2W)

deities controlled forces of nature and events

Re-sun god

Hapi- ruled Nile River

Isis- loyal wife and mother

Osiris - (Isis's husband)- ruled over dead together

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believed unity of kingdom depended on

strong leader

pharaoh- son of Re (sun god)

Why would people bow down to the pharaohs?

pharaoh- god on Earth

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2600 BC- 2300 BC

Egypt grew and prospered

built cities, expanded trade

kings- strong government

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Pharaoh- all powerful ruler

Pharaoh- "great house"

What does it mean to be all powerful?

word was law

Obeyed without question

appointed many officials

irrigation canals/ grain storehouses

were built and repaired

controlled trade and collected taxes

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Egypt was ruled by all-powerful pharaohs

Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses

Egyptians believed in life after death

Egyptians of the Old Kingdom built huge stone

pyramids as tombs for their pharaohs

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Rulers, Religion and Pyramids