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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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Posters, videos and other outreach materials for World Meteorological Day 2024 can be downloaded in high-resolution format in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish from our Trello Board.

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Posters, videos and other outreach materials for World Meteorological Day 2024 can be downloaded in high-resolution format in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish from our Trello Board.

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Al Gore: How to make radical climate action the new normal

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A net-zero future is possible, but first we need to flip a mental switch to truly understand that we can stop the climate crisis if we try, says Nobel laureate Al Gore.

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There is huge untapped potential to harness the role of women as climate leaders and advocates for climate resilience and sustainable development, she told the launch of the International Gender Champions Climate Impact Group.

"Women are very effective at mobilizing communities in the event of disasters. They are at the frontline in moving forward with recovery. Women further hold key knowledge in natural resources management, and are key actors in climate adaptation and mitigation," she said.

The International Gender Champions (IGC) was formed in 2015 as a leadership network to make gender equality a working reality. It now embraces more than 320 active Champions and over 400 Alumni, who are the heads of international organizations, permanent diplomatic missions, and civil society organizations.

Since taking office at the start of the year, Celeste Saulo says one of her priorities is to foster greater diversity within the WMO, ensuring equitable representation across gender, regional, and cultural lines. She is committed to implementing the WMO Gender policy which was updated in 2023.

"Women and girls are disproportionately affected by climate change and weather-related disasters. In addition, we know that they have less access to climate information, early warnings, agricultural advisory services, mobile phone technology and financial credit," she told the International Gender Champions event, hosted by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

For example, more women than men died in the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 because they were less likely to know how to swim and long clothing hampered their movement. A case study in Senegal showed that while all farmers needed information on seasonal onset of rains, length of rainy season etc, female farmers also required information on rainfall deficit forecasts and early seasonal rainfall cessation, as it could be devastating for them given that they plant their plots a month later than their male counterparts.

Many of WMO's programmes to strengthen climate adaptation seek to address the barriers faced by women and marginalized communities in accessing resources and decision-making tools.

For instance, the Fiji Meteorological Service - in line with government policy - is working to mainstream gender in the provision of early warning systems thanks to the support of partners like the Climate Risk Early Warning Systems (CREWS).

"I am determined to use my voice as an international gender champion to ensure that gender considerations are mainstreamed in climate policies. We have no time to lose. We stand at the intersection of inequality and climate change, and our strategies must reflect the urgency of the times," said Celeste Saulo.

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The climate crisis is not gender neutral

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There is huge untapped potential to harness the role of women as climate leaders and advocates for climate resilience and sustainable development, she told the launch of the International Gender Champions Climate Impact Group."Women are very effective at mobilizing communities in the event of disasters. They are at the frontline in moving forward with recovery.

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The planet has experienced its ninth consecutive month of record-breaking warmth, with a simmering February rounding out the Northern Hemisphere's hottest meteorological winter on record, international climate officials announced this week.

The global surface temperature in February was 56.4 degrees - about 0.2 degrees warmer than the previous February record set in 2016, according to the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service.

"February joins the long streak of records of the last few months," read a statement from Carlo Buontempo, the agency's director. "As remarkable as this might appear, it is not really surprising as the continuous warming of the climate system inevitably leads to new temperature extremes."

Much of the planet's warmth was attributed to human-caused climate change as fossil fuel emissions continue to trap planet-warming heat.

"The climate responds to the actual concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere so, unless we manage to stabilize those, we will inevitably face new global temperature records and their consequences," Buontempo said.

But experts say El Niño, a climate pattern in the tropical Pacific associated with warmer global temperatures, has also played a role in the recent warmth.

"It's not unexepcted at all that we're having a very warm February shortly after the peak of El Niño conditions," said Zeke Hausfather, a climate scientist with the nonprofit Berkeley Earth. He noted that historically, El Niño's strongest influence arrives about two or three months after its peak.

The latest El Niño advisory from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration indicates that El Niño has been weakening since early January, and there is a 55% chance that its cooler counterpart, La Niña, will develop later this year.
Read more: The planet is dangerously close to this climate threshold. Here's what 1.5°C really means
Regardless of El Niño's influence, February was exceptionally warm.

According to Copernicus, the month was about 3.2 degrees hotter than the estimated February average for 1850 to 1900, the designated pre-industrial period against which global warming is measured. That's notably higher than the 2.7 degree limit established under the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement - an internationally recognized benchmark for limiting the worst effects of climate change, often referenced as 1.5 degrees Celsius.

The global average temperature for the last 12 months - March 2023 through February - was the highest on record at 2.8 degrees (1.56°C) above the pre-industrial average, Copernicus said.

What's more, the daily global temperature was exceptionally high during the first half of February, soaring about 3.6 degrees above pre-industrial levels on four consecutive days, February 8 through 11.

However, a single day, month or year of temperatures above the 2.7 degree limit does not mean the planet has blown past the Paris agreement, Hausfather said. The guidelines established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change refer to at about two decades of warmth above that limit, and it is still likely that there will be some years that fall below it due to natural variability and other factors.

"We're not quite past 1.5 [degrees Celsius] yet, even though we're getting dangerously close," he said. "And to be honest, the ship of the global economy, so to speak, turns so slowly in terms of replacing fossil fuels that it's almost a foregone conclusion that we are going to pass 1.5 degrees at this point, even if we might not formally pass it until the early 2030s."

Although global temperatures are likely to fluctuate in the years ahead, the overall trend is clear.

"Every month since June 2023 has set a new monthly temperature record - and 2023 was by far the warmest year on record. El Niño has contributed to these record temperatures, but heat-trapping greenhouse gases are unequivocally the main culprit," said Celeste Saulo, secretary-general of the World Meteorological Organization, in a report this week.

The planet's oceans are also continuing to experience runaway warmth, with February marking not only the hottest February on record for sea surface temperatures, but the highest for any month in the data set, according to Copernicus. The average global sea surface temperature last month was 69.9 degrees.

Copernicus also noted that Arctic sea ice extent in February was about 2% below average, which is not as low as in most recent years but is "well below the values observed in the 1980s and 1990s."
Read more: Earth reaches grim milestone: 2023 was the warmest year on record
Antarctic sea ice reached its annual minimum last month at 28% below average - the third-lowest in the satellite data record and not far from the all-time minimum set in February 2023.

The causes of the planet's record warmth remain an active area of scientific research, Hausfather said, with about 2.3 degrees - or 1.3 degrees Celsius - of warming likely due to human-driven changes.

And while El Niño is believed to have played some role in recent hot temperatures, there are other potential variables, including the 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga Volcano, which shot record-breaking amounts of heat-trapping water vapor into the atmosphere.

Some researchers have also noted that recent changes in shipping regulations removed some atmospheric aerosols that were reflecting heat from reaching the planet. A recent uptick in the 11-year solar cycle may also have contributed about a tenth of a degree of warming, Hausfather said.

But of course, "all of this is building off the 1.3 degrees [Celsius] or so that is due to human activity," he added.

Yet not everywhere on Earth saw simmering temperatures in February.

While much of the Northern hemisphere, including the United States, experienced its warmest meteorological winter on record, parts of Southern California and Los Angeles saw temperatures below their historical average, according to a report from AccuWeather. The state ended the month with a major winter blizzard that dumped up to 10 feet of snow across portions of the Sierra Nevada.

Official February data for the U.S. are expected to be released by NOAA later this month. The agency's latest seasonal temperature outlook indicates that March, April and May will be warmer than average across much of the Northern U.S., including Northern and Central California.

Should La Niña develop later this year as predicted, it could lead to cooler global temperatures in the latter part of the year, but will most likely have the biggest influence in 2025, Hausfather said.
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As it stands, the simmering start to this year means 2024 will likely be another one for the record books.

"2024 is certainly going to be an exceptionally warm year," he said. "It might not beat 2023, but if it doesn't, it'll be the second warmest year on record."

This story originally appeared in Los Angeles Times.

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Global hot streak continues: February was Earth's warmest on record

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With an average surface temperature of 56.4 degrees, February 2024 was the warmest February on record globally, according to European climate officials.