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Accessibility to junk food leads to rise in NCDs across all age group

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Accessibility to junk food leads to rise in NCDs across all age group

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Increased availability of unhealth food and life style practices

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Increased availability of unhealth food and life style practices

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These are linked to economic development and cost health adversly

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1. Urbanization and Lifestyle Changes

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Long working hours

sedentary lifestyle

unhealthy and untimely meals intake

stress

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Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, poor dietary habits, lack of exercise, reduced physical activity.

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Physical activity deceases,depandscy on processed food 

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Physical activity deceases,depandscy on processed food 

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sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating

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sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating

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Globally, the digital health shift, driven by increased connectivity and mobile tech, is pushing for remote healthcare like teleconsultation. National platforms (ABDM) and specific programs (UWIN) in India, alongside state initiatives (BHAVYA in Bihar), reflect this worldwide trend towards tech-enabled, accessible healthcare.

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1. Digitalization

2. Fast forward culture

3. Unorganized business models

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sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary choices played a crucial role in the rise of NCDs.

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Easy reach to junk food and longer sitting hours at work place. not prioritizing physical workout

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Easy reach to junk food and longer sitting hours at work place. not prioritizing physical workout

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LIFESTYLESEDENTARY

SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE

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Increasing Cardiometabolic risk factors in LMICs

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Increasing Cardiometabolic risk factors in LMICs

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Because globalisation/urbanisation there decreasing physical activity and dietary changes there is increasing incidence of CVD/T2DM/Obesity even lower socioeconomic classes.

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Eating more carbs and not doing any physical activity .

More use of digital media.

Normalization of overuse of alcohol.

Use of packaged food or processed food.

Disturbed sleep patterns because of workload.

Increased Pollution.

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Diagnostic tool has played an important role, we are able to diagnose more cases, and increase in trends of ncdsisseen,change in dietary habits all over the world. Consumption tonjunk food causing diseases to occure

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Urbanisation

Sedentary lifestyle

Junk and fast food consumption

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Global shifts

sedentary lifestyle

increased screentime

increased exposure to junk foods

Their role in NCD

increases the chance of HTN, Obesity leading to developing CVD, Diabetes

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long working hours, sedentary life style and unheathy eating

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Global shifts like urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary transitions are fueling the rising burden of NCDs worldwide.

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Global Shifts Contributing to the Rise of NCDs

1. Urbanization and Sedentary Lifestyles

2. Changing Diet Patterns

3. Economic Development and Globalization

4. Environmental and Social Stressors:

Interplay with NCDs:
These global shifts create environments that favor sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and stress, which directly increase the prevalence and burden of NCDs worldwide.

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physical activity decreases, unhealthy diet , processed food

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Sedentary lifestyle and increase in habit of junk food consumption

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Sedentary lifestyle and increased in consumption of junk food

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increased screen time and reduced physical movement leads to long working hours

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Global shifts and how do they interplay with the rise of NCDs?

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Global shifts and how do they interplay with the rise of NCDs?

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Global shifts:-

Dietary changes: Increase consumption of packaged & processed foods having high fat and carbohydrate content

Sedentary lifestyle: Less or no physical activities. Spending most of the time sitting in front of laptops

Disturbed sleep patterns: Working for more hours and non adherence of proper routine

This has lead to increase in more no. of people suffering from Hypertension & Diabetes. Gradually the incidence rate of NCDs has increased tremendously over the last one decade with nearly 3/4 of all deaths are due to NCDs.

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Urbanisation, Increase in dependant population, Sedentary life style, easy access to drugs, digital addiction

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Easy access to junk foods for all age groups.

Sedentary lifestyle

Distrubance in sleep schedule

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Global shifts that interplay with the rise of NCDs

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Global shifts that interplay with the rise of NCDs

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1. Urbanization and lifestyle change

2. Shifting food patterns and eating habits

3. longer screen time

4. Demographic transition

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Global Shifts and their Interplay with Rise of NCDs

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Global Shifts and their Interplay with Rise of NCDs

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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are not rising randomly — they are strongly linked to major global transitions occurring over the last few decades.

1️⃣ Demographic Shift – Population Aging

Increased life expectancy

Decline in fertility rates

Growing elderly population

As populations age, chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and COPD become more common.

Interplay:
Aging → Longer exposure to risk factors → Higher NCD prevalence → Increased health system burden.

2️⃣ Epidemiological Transition

Countries have shifted from:

Infectious diseases → Chronic diseases

Low- and middle-income countries now face a double burden (communicable + non-communicable diseases).

Interplay:
Improved infection control + urban lifestyle changes → Rise in NCD mortality.

3️⃣ Rapid Urbanization

United Nations reports that more than half the world population lives in cities.

Urbanization leads to:

Sedentary lifestyle

Processed food consumption

Air pollution

Stress

Interplay:
Urban living → Obesity, hypertension, diabetes → Increased cardiovascular diseases.

4️⃣ Nutrition Transition

Shift from:

Traditional diets → Processed, high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt diets

Global food marketing and fast-food expansion have accelerated this shift.

Interplay:
High-calorie diets + low physical activity → Obesity → Diabetes & heart disease.

5️⃣ Globalization & Commercial Determinants of Health

Expansion of:

Tobacco industry

Alcohol marketing

Ultra-processed food industry

The tobacco epidemic led to global policy response like:

World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).

Interplay:
Aggressive marketing → Increased consumption → NCD risk factors rise.

6️⃣ Technological & Lifestyle Shift

Mechanization reduces physical labor

Screen time increases

Digital work culture

Interplay:
Physical inactivity → Obesity → Metabolic syndrome → NCDs.

7️⃣ Environmental & Climate Change Shift

Air pollution

Heat stress

Environmental toxins

Air pollution is a major contributor to:

COPD

Lung cancer

Cardiovascular diseases

Interplay:
Environmental degradation → Chronic respiratory & cardiovascular conditions.

8️⃣ Economic Transition

Growth of middle class

Lifestyle aspirations

Increased disposable income

Often results in:

Higher consumption of processed foods

Reduced physical activity

🔄 Overall Conceptual Link

Most global shifts increase exposure to the four major modifiable NCD risk factors:

1. Tobacco use

2. Unhealthy diet

3. Physical inactivity

4. Harmful use of alcohol

These lead to metabolic risks:

Obesity

Hypertension

Hyperglycemia

Dyslipidemia

→ Ultimately causing major NCDs.

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Lifestyle changes like reduced physical activity and Dietary changes like increased intake of junk/fast food leads to obesity. It will further increase the prevalence of NCDs. This is the major shift globally, over the last few decades.

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Lifestyle changes like reduced physical activity and dietary changes like increased intake of junk/fast food, leads to obesity. It may lead to rise of NCDs. This trend had been seen from last few years.

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Urbanization, less physical activity

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Eating more carbs and not doing any physical activity .

More use of digital media.

Normalization of overuse of alcohol.

Use of packaged food or processed food.

Disturbed sleep patterns because of workload.

Increased Pollution.

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1. Smartphones and tablets - More sedentary lifestyle

2. Fast food and food delivery apps - More junk food consumption and less nutritious food preparation at home

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Lifestyle changes long working and travel hours, increased screen time, unhealthy food habits, lack of nutrient literacy, integration of technology in all aspects of health programs

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Increased use of technology increasing all other common risk factors such as junk food consumption, sedentariness, stress etc.

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Digitalization

Sedentary Lifestyle