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The Mughals, a predominately Muslim group take control of India

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Britain was fighting in war against France, along the Indian coast. It was another site of war because France had colonies there as well during the 18th century. To protect its' warehouses against the French, the British East India Company built fortifications around it warehouses in Calcutta. This angered the Nawab of Bengal and led to the imprisonment of anyone associated with the company. This led the British to worry about the consequences of Mughal leaders opposing their rule.

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The British East India Company seeked to replace the local nawab in Bengal with a more favorable ruler to the company. General Robert Clive devised a scheme to overthrow Siraj-ud-daula with the help of merchants and bankers who were displeased by high taxes, the Mughal emperor worried by the nawab's attempts to make Bengal independent, and Mir Jafar, the second in command. At the battle of Plassey, Clive's forces quickly defeated the nawab's army. Mir Jafar became the new nawab of Bengal, marking the beginning of a cycle of continuous replacement in the position of the Nawab of Bengal. This was the first time Britain intervened in the politics of India, setting precedent for the collapse of British-Indian Relations in the future.

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1773 -British Government intervenes in India due to corruption within the British East India Company 

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1773 -British Government intervenes in India due to corruption within the British East India Company 

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Despite the British East India companies large profits, the Company faced bankruptcy due corruption. To control this corruption the British government tried to oversee the British East India Company's profits as well as their military and civil activities. Due to the large distance between the Calcutta and London this was not always successful.

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map with a line between Calcutta India and London

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Mansabdars declare independence  from the Mughals 

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Mansabdars declare independence  from the Mughals 

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Reign of Aurangzeb (1658-1707) Aidan and Leo

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Reign of Aurangzeb (1658-1707) Aidan and Leo

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Aurangzeb was a Mughal Emperor from 1658-1707. Many of his policies and overall accomplishments during his reign as emperor negatively impacted the empire and its future. Aurangzeb raised taxes on non-Muslims and raised taxes on areas and land that had many trade routes. He believed these taxes would help pay the high costs of waging war and his Mughal armies. For many people, taxes were almost impossible to pay because of how high they were. As a result, the Mansabdars and lower classes affected by the taxation challenged the emperor's authority and his power by revolting. Overall he negatively affected the empire during his reign as the Mughal Emperor.

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The outcome of the Battle of Buxar in 1764 increased the overwhelming control of the British East India Company over Bengal because of the treaty made after the battle.

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1600 - British East India Company is founded

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1600 - British East India Company is founded

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The founding of the British East India Company in 1600 marks the start of British economic involvement in India. Initially established for trade, the company quickly grew in power, leading to political and military control over large parts of India. They focused on gaining spices and cotton textiles for trading with China for other resources. Key figures like Queen Elizabeth I, who established its royal decree, and Mughal Emperor Jahangir, who benefitted from the new influx of trade, played critical roles in its early operations. The company’s rise reflects the shift from India’s Mughal dominance to increasing European colonial influence over their economy. This event kickstarts the beginning of a long history of British exploitation, and sets the stage for formal British rule in India in the future.

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1700-1740 (late 17th century) - Mansabdars declare independence from the Mughals

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1700-1740 (late 17th century) - Mansabdars declare independence from the Mughals

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The mansabdars' declaration of independence from the Mughals in 1740 was an event that led to the loss of Mughal control over the Indian subcontinent which eventually gave the British an opportunity to gain control over the region. The mansabdar system promised land and tax collection duties in return for cavalry recruitment for the emperor. However, as expansion of the Mughal territory increased the available land for the mansabdars decreased. This caused mansabdars to become unhappy and disloyal, ultimately challenging the authority of the emperor. The death of the emperor lead to the mansabdars to gain more power and form independent states, leading as nawabs. This divide gave way to British domination of the area.

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1793 - Permanent settlement Act (Yvonne and Claire)

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1793 - Permanent settlement Act (Yvonne and Claire)

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The Bengal Permanent Settlement Act passed by the British in 1793 ultimately harmed India and destabilised India's economy. Indian peasants were greatly affected by this act as they lost rights to their land and were instead forced to pay taxes to Zamindars (local land revenue collectors). The act majorly impacted many parts of society, as over a third of Bengal's land were sold to new owners, forcing many workers to move. This worsened hardships caused by the famine in 1769 for peasants. British-Indian relations exacerbated as many Indians were unhappy due to the enforced rules. Overall, the Permanent Settlement Act negatively impacted Indian population in the late 18th century and early 19th century.