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Macadam roads are practically gravel roads, invented as a way to make travel more efficient. The rock would decrease the amount of mud slowing down carriages when there was rain, making goods that people needed to sell able to travel more efficiently.

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Great Britain, ruled under Queen Victoria, refused to stop trading Opium with China, as it was causing Chinese citizens to become addicted. The war was fought mostly at sea, but the Chinese suffered much loss due to the outdated ships that were no match for Great Britain’s gunboats.

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This treaty created a way of trade between only the Americans and Japanese, as a way to avoid war. It opened two ports for American ships and agreed to open a harbor within 5 years.

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The British made money through the Customs House, It was used to collect taxes on imported goods. Some Ghanaians would fight back by dumping items into the sea and then going back to retrieve them at night.

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During the scramble for Africa, 14 countries decided to sit down and have a civil discussion. At the conference they discussed and decided on the division of Africa among them, rules were laid down, no African ruler was in attendance.

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Rudyard Kipling writes a poem about the European perspective on Imperialism, viewing it as a way to change the country, making it more European, to show pride for their country, and to make a profit by stealing their resources or land. He called the indigenous people “Wild, sullen, half devil, and half child.”