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The plot of a story is the sequence of events that shape a broader narrative, with every event causing or affecting each other.

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Story Elements - Plot - Main Events - Literacy Short Clips

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The beginning of the story. It is the background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story.

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A related series of incidents in a literary plot that build toward the greatest point of interest.

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The most intense, exciting, or important point of something

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Video shows what climax means. The point of greatest intensity or force in an ascending series; a culmination. The turning point in a plot or in dramatic action, especially one marking a change in the protagonist's affairs.. A stage of ecological development in which a community of organisms is stable and capable of perpetuating itself..

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the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

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This video explains what diction is, and how it can be used to fine tune your writer's voice.

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the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

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the position of what something or someone is observed

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a category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms, according to whether they indicate the speaker

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connor. point of view the perspective from which the story is told. in another country

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In Another Country By Perry, Bre, Connor. Point of view The perspective from which the story is told. In another country, its told in first person. The. - ppt download

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First Person Point Of View The definition of first person is a point where the narrator uses I or we in the story you are reading. The narrator in the story may or may not be reliable. The reader only gets one perspective if its first person.

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falling action refers to the period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax.

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The resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the climax. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the conflict is resolved.

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Literature & Reading : What Is Story Resolution?

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the place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place.

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the protagonist is frequently known as the hero of the story while the antagonist is the villain

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conflict means thwarted, endangered, or opposing desire.

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Internal conflict is when a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs.

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What is Internal Conflict | Explained in 2 min

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External conflict sets a character against something or someone beyond their control.

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External vs Internal Conflict | Does your story need both?

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a character vs. character conflict, also known as man vs. man conflict, involves two characters struggling against each other. The conflict can manifest in different ways, from a physical altercation to irreconcilable differences in morals or beliefs.

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The man vs. society conflict denotes a story in which an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community.

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"Man against nature" conflict is an external struggle positioning the character against an animal or a force of nature, such as a storm or tornado or snow.

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a protagonist is facing machines or technology (such as mechanical failure or robots) and must prevail against it.

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Terminator2 Fight GIF - Terminator2 Fight Arnold - Discover & Share GIFs

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The perfect Terminator2 Fight Arnold Animated GIF for your conversation. Discover and Share the best GIFs on Tenor.

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the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition a topic.

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Understanding theme | Reading | Khan Academy

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DENOTATION: The direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary. CONNOTATION: The emotional suggestions of a word, that is not literal.

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an individual way of speaking or writing especially when used to express an emotion

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Definition of Tone

We've all heard the saying, 'It's not what you say, but how you say it.' Every word we use, the pitch and volume of our voice, even how fast or slow we speak, affects our tone and how our audience interprets what we have said. We might recall being told when we were very young, 'Don't use that tone of voice with me!' We learned to adjust our tone to accommodate our audience and the situation. What we say and how we say it is different when the audience and the situation are different. And that difference is not just in our words, but in our tone, or how we convey words.

Likewise, tone in writing adapts and changes to suit the audience and the situation. The choice of words and the way sentences are put together convey tone. The tone can be formal or informal, logical or emotional, intimate or distant, serious or humorous. Tone can consist mostly of long, complex words or short, simple ones or of both. It can consist mostly of long, complex sentences; of short, simple ones; or of something in between. Tone is not just what we write but how we write it.

Examples of Changes in Tone

One measure of the formality of tone is the use of contractions, words like we've, I'd, they're, and it's. Notice how the use of contractions changes the tone of the following sentence from a formal to an informal tone:

It is strange that the professor has not assigned any papers for three weeks.

It's strange that the professor hasn't assigned any papers for three weeks.

Another measure of the formality of tone is the use of casual forms of speech, such as the slang we might use in an email conversation with a close friend:

The way I'm lookin' at it, someone needs to do something about that brother of yours. What's the big deal? He's so bogus! There's some really awesome sales at the mall Saturday. What're you up to this weekend?

Different Tones for Different Purposes

Let's take a look at some examples of how tone can change for different purposes.

Newspaper - a column for a newspaper will be more formal than an email, but it can still be funny or familiar as seen in this excerpt from a column by New York Post writer Lois Weiss:

'Pink Flamingo seen in SoHo' (February 19, 2013)

'It appears that the owners of hip Miami clothing boutique, The Webster, Laure Heriard Dubreuil and Milan Vukmirovic, along with their pink flamingo logo, have just plucked a Big Apple outpost at 29 Greene St.'

In this example, the title of the article suggests that a real pink flamingo has been seen walking down the streets of SoHo, having a little fun with the fact that a company with a pink flamingo logo had just moved to the neighborhood. The column offers a formal explanation of the facts, but still has a little fun.

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what is tone? - definition & examples video with lesson transcript | study.com

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What is Tone? - Definition & Examples Video with Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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We've all heard the saying, 'It's not what you say, but how you say it.' Every word we use, the pitch and volume of our voice, even how fast or slow we speak, affects our tone and how our audience interprets what we have said.

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a conscious state of mind or predominant emotion

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Mood: Examples & Types - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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What is mood? Learn the mood definition, kinds and types of mood and examples. Understand how mood can have different meaning, either good or bad...

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move to a scene in a movie, novel, etc. that is set in a time earlier than the main story.

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an indication of something that will happen in the future is often used as a literary device to hint at or allude to future plot developments.

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What is Foreshadowing? || Definition & Examples

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Professor Evan Gottlieb explains foreshadowing using examples from Mary Shelley's gothic novel Frankenstein.

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the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose which correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning.

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Parallelism: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies

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a category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms, according to whether they indicate the speaker

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In third-person objective narration, the narrator reports the events that take place without knowing the motivations or thoughts of any of the characters.

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A narrator is the person telling the story, and it determines the point of view that the audience will experience. Every work of fiction has one! The narrator can take many forms-it may be a character inside the story (like the protagonist) telling it from his own point of view. It may be a completely neutral observer or witness sharing what he sees and experiences. It may be someone who is outside the story but has access to a character's or characters ' thoughts and feelings. Or, it may be an all-knowing presence who knows everything about the whole story, its setting, its characters, and even all of its history.

Though technically any type of written work has a narrator (since all information must be told from some point of view), its most important role is in fiction, where the style of narration determines everything about how the story is told, experienced, and understood by readers. This article will focus on that role.

II. Example of a Narrator

Here's an example of a narrator who is telling the story from his point of view:
I'm going to share a story with you. It's not an easy one to witness, for it's about one of the worst things that ever happened to me. Others may tell it differently, but only in my version will you hear the entire truth, because only I know the real devastation of the events that unfolded on the day that changed my life forever. My name is George, and I'm a professional speed eater. This is about the time I lost the most important hotdog eating contest of my life.
III. Types of Narrators

Authors use several types of narrators, or narrative styles (see Related Terms). Third person and first person are the most common types of narration that authors employ in their writing, but the lesser known second-person narrator also exists!

a. First Person

A first person narrator is a character inside the story. He/she tells the reader what is happening from his/her own point of view, using "I," "me" and "myself" to tell the story. Often, that means the reader learns the story alongside the narrator as it unfolds, hearing the narrator's thoughts and feelings and understanding experiences in the way the narrator himself experiences them. One of the most interesting things about a first person narrator is that he or she can actually be someone unreliable-since the audience is experiencing the story as the narrator personally understands it, the point of view is very subjective and opinionated in ways that may not reveal the whole truth or the "full story."

In addition to fiction, autobiographies use first-person narrative structure because the book is about the author himself.

b. Second person

A second person narrator is fairly unusual. In a second person narrative, the person telling the story uses "you" to describe the main character or narrator. In some cases, that also implies that perhaps the narrator or main character could even be you, the reader. Second person narration is used for "choose your own adventure" books, where you, the reader, have to decide what happens next in the story (i.e. "jump to page 50 if you turn left on the road, or jump to page 70 if you turn right").

c. Third Person

A third person narrator is not a part of the story, and refers to all of the characters (including the protagonist) using "he" and "she." Using a third-person narrator gives an author the most options and flexibility in terms of how the story is told. The author may choose to share the thoughts, feelings, and points of view of several characters, instead of just one. As such, the third person is probably the most popular and widely-used style of narration, and there are three main types:

d. Third Person Objective

A third person objective narrator is just a witness to a story. They don't have knowledge of any of the character's thoughts or feelings, but are simply reporting on what is happening. It lets the audience form their own opinions based on objective observation.

e. Third Person Subjective

A third person subjective narrator is usually telling the story in a way that reflects at least one, but sometimes multiple characters' thoughts, feelings and experiences. These things usually influence how the audience feels about the characters and what is going on in the story. It is probably the most popular narrative style.

f. Third Person Omniscient

A third person omniscient character is all-seeing and all-knowing. They are aware of all of the events that have ever happened and all of the people that they ever happened to. This means that they have full knowledge of all events, places, times, and people-this also includes the thoughts and memories of any character. In simple terms, a third person omniscient narrator is "God-like."

IV. Importance of Narrators

The importance of having a narrator is obvious-without one, we simply couldn't tell stories! But, more specifically, when it comes to storytelling, point of view is everything, and the narrator provides it to us. As such, narrative style is one of the most crucial elements of writing. An author chooses his narrator based on how he wants the story told, and how the audience is meant to experience it. Thus, everything we understand about a piece of writing is based on the style of narration, so its significance is huge.

V. Examples of Narrators in Pop Culture

Example 1: First Person

Sometimes films and TV shows tell their stories through the point of view of a main character. This usually means that the protagonist is speaking to the audience as they themselves go through the events that are happening on screen. An excellent example of this style is the current series Mr. Robot, where most of the story is told from the point of view of Elliot, a young computer programmer and hacker. Throughout the series, we hear his thoughts and experience things from his point of view. Here's a clip:

Mr. Robot is particularly unique because Elliot suffers from mental illness and experiences delusions and hallucinations. Since the story is from his perspective, the audience sometimes doesn't know what is real, and what is only being imagined by Elliot.

Example 2: Third Person

Most movies and television shows are told from a third-person point of view. Most of that time that means having no obvious narrator at all, where the audience is the only outside witness. But sometimes, there's a third-person narrator who is also watching the story and reports on it, like in this clip from Moonrise Kingdom:

Here, the man reporting appears on screen, but he isn't actually part of the story. He is just there to fill the audience in on some important information, and provide commentary and extra details as the story unfolds.

Example 3: Mixed Narration

Many television shows will use multiple narrators to tell their stories. This is especially popular in documentaries, reality TV, and mockumentary shows. A popular style is to have an objective, third-person narrator (the person behind the camera), but uses first-person narration by showing the characters' points of view through onscreen interviews. In this way, it reveals things about the characters and lets you get to know them from two perspectives. Here's a clip from Parks and Recreation:

Here, we first see Ron Swanson and his toothache from a third person point of view. Then, there's an interview with him, which reveals the joke he performed and shares his own perspective of what just happened. Many other shows like Modern Family and the The Office work in this style, as does nearly every reality TV show that's ever been made!

Example 1: First Person

There have been many great novels and short stories with a first-person narrator. Scott F. Fditzergerald's classic American novel The Great Gatsby is told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a man who moves nearby Jay Gatsby. In the novel, we see everything from his point of view and understand it as he understands it. It opens like this:

In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since."He didn't say any more, but we've always been unusually communicative in a reserved way, and I understood that he meant a great deal more than that. In consequence, I'm inclined to reserve all judgments, a habit that has opened up many curious natures to me[.] Whenever you feel like criticizing any one," he told me, "just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had."

Here, the narrator is referring to something that was told to him, and his opinion about it. This is the function of a first person narrator-we know he will provide his thoughts and observations throughout the story.

Example 2: Second Person

A popular example of modern fiction with a second-person narrator is Italo Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveler. The author begins right away by letting you know that the book is simultaneously written to and about you. This is a little hard to understand, so here are a few short excerpts:

You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's new novel, If on a winter's night a traveler. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade. Find the most comfortable position: seated, stretched out, curled up, or lying flat. Flat on your back, on your side, on your stomach. In an easy chair, on the sofa, in the rocker, the deck chair, on the hassock. It's not that you expect anything in particular from this particular book. You're the sort of person who, on principle, no longer expects anything of anything.
So, then, you noticed in a newspaper that If on a winter's night a traveler had appeared, the new book by Italo Calvino, who hadn't published for several years. You went to the bookshop and bought the volume. Good for you.

The book is written as if the author knows you are there and what you are doing, and knows things about you. It is a difficult, unique style to use successfully, and is thus very rare in literature, but Calvino is famous for it.

Example 3: Third Person

As mentioned, the third person is probably the most widely-used form of narration because it gives authors so much stylistic freedom. In the classic novel A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens uses a third-person narrator who many often consider to be Dickens himself. The story is told from a third-person subjective point of view, where the narrator has access to the thoughts of several characters. Here's the novel's famous opening:

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way--in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.

As you can see, the narrator is describing the "times" of a certain period in history; the setting in which the story will unfold. He also makes it known that he is a witness to the period and the story by using the words "we," which tells us that the narrator has personal experience when it comes to what he is telling us about.

VII. Related Terms

There are several related terms that we use to discuss a story's narrator. They all focus on essentially the same thing but are used in different ways.

Narrative

A narrative is another name for a story, which needs a narrator to tell it. You would say "the narrative is about so and so and is told in the third person."

Narration

Narration is the method of storytelling and the way in which it is told. You would say "the story uses first-person narration," for example.

Narrative Style

Narrative style is another way to talk about who the narrator is-it's the style in which the story is told. You would say "the narrative style of this story is the third person."

VIII. Conclusion

In conclusion, the narrator has a defining role in every story. Readers see and understand the story from the point of view of whoever is telling it, and who that is can change everything, from the amount of details we learn, to the level of truth behind the story, to which character we empathize with. Thus, the narrator is a key element of storytelling.

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Narrator: Definitions and Examples | Literary Terms

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A narrator is the person telling the story, and it determines the point of view that the audience will experience. Every work of fiction has one! The narrator can take many forms-it may be a character inside the story (like the protagonist) telling it from his own point of view.

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Focusing a third-person narration through the eyes of a single character.

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By Indeed Editorial Team

Third-person limited is a point of view writers often use when writing pieces of fiction. If you're interested in writing as a career, it can be beneficial to learn about different points of view for narration. You can use third-person limited to build suspense, convey plot development and introduce character traits through observation. In this article, we define third-person limited point of view and consider when and how to use it.

Related: How To Use Point of View in Your Writing

What is third-person limited?

Third-person limited is the point of view in writing that uses a narrator with access to only one character's perspective. This means that the narrator experiences the emotions and internal thoughts of one character and perceives any surrounding characters through their eyes as an observer. Third-person limited allows for a story to develop around the central character without revealing every detail of what's happening to the narrator.

Related: How To Write About Yourself

When to use third-person limited

You can use third-person limited to tell a story through a character you find unique or fascinating. If the character's perspectives change throughout the story, you can also write in third-person limited to emphasize the impact of the development in their way of thinking. Third-person limited helps to create learning scenarios since sometimes a reader might understand the circumstances before the main character does or they may interpret the situation differently.

Because third-person limited allows for the building of suspense through withholding information that the narrator doesn't have access to, it's highly successful when used in mystery stories, especially when the central character is the detective solving the case. Mystery stories thrive on uncertainty, and third-person limited makes many details uncertain that might otherwise be revealed if the story were written from another perspective, creating an air of anticipation.

Related: How To Write a Personal Bio That Draws Attention

Examples of third-person limited

Here are some examples of third-person limited point of view:

Example 1

Consider this example that focuses on Jennifer's point of view:

Jennifer gets up three hours early before work every morning. She uses two of those hours to get her first grader and third grader ready for school and sends them on the bus. Then Jennifer dresses for work, rushing out the door too quickly for coffee, as she does every morning. Once she pulls into her spot at the parking lot, she pauses for a moment to gather her things and tries to focus her mind on her job. She greets her coworker Shannon as she enters the building, batting away another yawn as she says,

"Good morning Shan. How's your Monday?"

Shannon responds that she's just fine and begins an anecdote about her weekend as they walk into the elevator and press six. The elevator reaches their floor, and Jennifer heads toward her desk, waving at Shannon, who turns in the direction of the break room. Jennifer turns on her computer and starts scanning the emails she'd received over the weekend. She feels her body relax into her soft chair and she wonders if anyone would notice if she took a nap at lunchtime.

As Jennifer clicks through her last message, she sees Shannon smiling at her over her cubicle wall, two cups of coffee in hand. She raises her eyebrows, passing one to Jennifer, who sighs with joy.

"Thank you so much, Shannon," Jennifer says, "you have no idea how much I needed this today!"

Example 2

Consider this example that shows Robert's point of view:

It was Robert's 30th birthday. He couldn't wait to check his phone and scroll through birthday greetings and kind messages from his family and friends. Robert loved celebrations, and he hoped that someone at work had thrown together a surprise party.

He hadn't mentioned that his birthday was coming up, but he knew that his coworkers had enjoyed his past celebrations. When he walked into the office, though, no one mentioned any birthday. He greeted each coworker he passed, and they returned his greetings with a smile, but no birthday wishes. Sal, his best friend at the office, was even home sick.

Robert finished his work for the day, said friendly goodbyes to everyone at the office and drove home. Robert parked in his driveway and pushed in the code to open his garage. Robert tilted his head as he noticed light coming from underneath the door.

Sal stood in front of a group of Robert's closest friends, surrounded by birthday decorations. Robert rushed to hug Sal and each one of his friends. Robert spent the rest of the night having fun with his friends and celebrating his favorite day.

Tips for using third-person limited

Here are a few tips for writing in third-person limited perspective:

Choose a strong narrator. Decide who's telling the story. It can help to choose an external narrator who is not involved in the story or a character who is close to the central character so that their knowledge of the main character's thoughts is logical within the world of the story.

Understand your character. Make sure that you have a strong understanding of your central character. This can ensure that any emotions, thoughts or beliefs the character has read as organic and make sense in the world of the story.

Rewrite in other perspectives. Try rewriting a scene from the perspective of a character that isn't your main character as a revision exercise. This can help develop the distinctions between your central character and surrounding characters.

Maintain your point of view. Once you choose a narrator, keep writing from their point of view in any sections you plan to include in the story. This can build a strong foundation for your narrator and develop their voice throughout the narrative.

Use an unreliable narrator. Write from the perspective of an unreliable narrator. An unreliable narrator withholds information from the reader and can sometimes knowingly provide false information that's later refuted in the plot. This can help create suspense in a story and lay the foundation for plot twists.

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What Is Third-Person Limited Point of View?

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By Indeed Editorial Team Third-person limited is a point of view writers often use when writing pieces of fiction. If you're interested in writing as a career, it can be beneficial to learn about different points of view for narration. You can use third-person limited to build suspense, convey plot development and introduce character traits through observation.

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This is a common form of third-person narration in which the teller of the tale, who often appears to speak with the voice of the author himself, assumes an omniscient (all-knowing) perspective on the story being told: diving into private thoughts, narrating secret or hidden events

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Point of View (P.O.V.): Third Person Omniscient, Limited-Omniscient, and Objective

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Comparison using like or as.

He runs as fast as lightning
I moved like lightning when the car was coming toward me

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Comparison of two unlike things without using like or as.
An extended metaphor is a metaphor that continues over several lines of text. Metaphor- She is drowning in a sea of grief. Extended metaphor: Cause baby your a firework come and show them what your worth make them go oh, oh, oh as you shoot across the sky

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What is an Extended Metaphor? Lesson and Activity

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Definition: Giving non-human things characteristics. Example: The walls were talking. The stairs screamed in agony as he began to climb them.

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Personification | Award Winning Personification Teaching Video | What is Personification?

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An over exaggeration of emotions, and over statement.

Examples: I have told you a million times to clean your room.

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A symbol is a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning and stands for something more than itself.

Symbolism is using symbols to represent qualities or ideas.
The flag still flew high in the sky. Flag-strength, freedom, she wore a white wedding gown.  White- peace, innocents, purity

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Combines two opposites or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.
Example: Jumbo Shrimp, Bitter Sweet. Deafening Silence

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English with Alex · engVid English Classes

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What is an oxymoron? Definition and 20 funny examples!

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A mild or indirect word or expression used for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or horrible. A way of making something not sound so bad.

Examples: "We`re going to have to let you go." Really saying: You are FIRED!

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Making a reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, sports, science, culture, etc.

Examples: He is a real Romeo.
He slapped like will.
he`s got the Midas touch

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The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different constant sounds.

Example: The tides rises, the tide falls, The Fat Cat Sat On A Mat inside a Hat.

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What is assonance? 🤔 | Assonance in English | Learn with examples

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The repetition of the same or similar initial consonant sounds in words closes togather. How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a would chuck could chuck wood

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Alliteration | Award Winning Alliteration Teaching Video | What is Alliteration?

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A word or phrase that is over used and has become lifeless. pretty as a picture.
sweet as a pie.
love is blind.

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🔵 Cliche - Cliche Meaning - Cliche Examples - Special Language Forms

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An expression that cannot be interpreted literally.

Example:
its raining cats and dogs
I lots my head

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Play on words based on multiple meanings of a single word or words that sound alike or mean different things.

puns involving animals are amooseing.
The sign on the lawn at the drug rehab facility said: stay off the grass.

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the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

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Verbal irony is a figure of speech. The speaker intends to be understood as meaning something that contrasts with the literal or usual meaning of what he says.
Example: Awesome! Another test!

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What is verbal irony? - Christopher Warner

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Situational irony involves a striking reversal of what is expected or intended: a person sidesteps a pothole to avoid injury and in doing so steps into another pothole and injures themselves. When a situation is different than expected.
example: bill gates using an apple cumputer.

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dramatic irony, a literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.
Examples: The audience knows the apple is poisoned ut snow white does not.

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the act of characterizing especially : the artistic representation (as in fiction or drama) of human character or motives the author's characterization of the boy as someone who wanted to be accepted by others.

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Direct characterization is a type of literary device used to tell conclusive details about a character to the reader with little or no ambiguity. The idea is that the author is stating a definitive fact about the character, as opposed to more subtle descriptions that leave some things up to the reader's imagination.

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this is a video lesson for my eighth graders

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Indirect characterization is when an author reveals a character's traits through actions, thoughts, speech, etc., instead of saying it outright.

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A static character is a type of character who remains largely the same throughout the course of the storyline. Their environment may change, but they retain the same personality and outlook as they had at the beginning of the story. It's common for secondary characters in stories to be static.

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In talk about literature, the term "dynamic character" means simply a character who undergoes some important change in the course of the story.

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Character Types: Dynamic Character in English literature | Examples | Dynamic vs. Round Character

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Flat characters are two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work. By contrast, round characters are complex and undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader.

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round characters, characters as described by the course of their development in a work of literature. Flat characters are two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of work. By contrast, round characters are complex and undergo development,…

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the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

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What does RHETORIC mean? What is the meaning of rhetoric? English word definition.

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the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its beliefs and aspirations.

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🔵 Ethos - Ethos Meaning - Ethos Examples - Formal English

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a quality that evokes pity or sadness.

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VocabularyHelp - Learn English Words With Meaning

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😭 Learn English Words - PATHOS - Meaning, Vocabulary Lesson with Pictures and Examples

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Logos, or the appeal to logic, means to appeal to the audience's sense of reason or logic. To use logos, the author makes clear, logical connections between ideas, and includes the use of facts and statistics. Using historical and literal analogies to make a logical argument is another strategy.

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1yFJXjRz0VgpKeg793HA1qQIupL2k0emBGm2tQW19XO8/edit#slide=id.gef5d2d07fa_0_53