# data[].attributes.body
Overall comment:-

You all have done an excellent job in this discussion. Your posts demonstrate a thorough understanding of the topic, and your engagement with each other's ideas is both thoughtful and constructive.

Your group has demonstrated excellent understanding and critical thinking skills. Your posts are well-researched, clearly written, and show a high level of engagement with the topic and each other. Keep up the great work! WELL DONE!

# data[].attributes.body
MUHAMMAD KHAIRUL ADNI BIN MOHD KHIR (157112)

I absolutely agree with the statement above because forebrain comprises of two parts which are telencephalon and diencephalon which controls sophisticated functions such as perception, cognition, voluntary activities and memory. It is also for relay station for sensory information, and the hypothalamus regulates crucial processes like the body temperature. If there was a damage in the forebrain, significant deficits will occur such as memory loss and personality which does not causes fatality.

Meanwhile for the hindbrain, which is the posterior of embryonic brain vesicle and the most stable among vertebrates. The hindbrain comprises of two main parts which are optic lobes (tectum) and midbrain nuclei. Both parts have their own respective functions which are integration of visual information with other sensory inputs and involuntary control of the muscle tone. Medulla oblongata, the pons and the cerebellum all included in the hindbrain part which are essential in regulating the physiological processes such as circulation, respiration, arousal and motor processes through the efferent nerves. If the hindbrain was damaged even just a smaller part of it, it can lead to several complications such as respiratory arrest, cardiovascular collapse, loss of basic reflexes, loss of coordination and balance which may lead to death.

# data[].attributes.body
Amirul Harraz Bin Mat Rosli (158467)

I partially agree with the statement above, forebrain and hindbrain of mammals both plays integral roles in nervous system.

I strongly agree that by taking out a huge portion of the forebrain from the mammals, the animal would survive indefinitely. However, they'll have to live with some motor related disabilities such as when the left hemisphere of human gets damaged, they may have trouble with speech but it does not necessarily prevent survival.

However, I strongly disagree with the assertion that removal or damage to the hindbrain usually causes death. While it is true that the hindbrain supports vital bodily processes such as breathing, circulation, and movement, the outcome of hindbrain damage can vary greatly depending on the extent and specific location of the damage.The impact of hindbrain damage is not uniform. Damage to the cerebellum, for instance, primarily affects motor control and balance rather than vital autonomic functions, and patients can often adapt and recover with proper therapy.

Research has shown that damage to critical areas like the medulla oblongata can be life-threatening, not all hindbrain damage results in immediate death. The brainstem, including parts of the hindbrain, works as an integrated unit, and damage can sometimes be compensated by other regions

# data[].attributes.body
Amira Nur Sabrina Binti Ambran (156223)

I agree with this statement because the forebrain and the hindbrain have different roles and levels of importance in maintaining basic life functions.

The forebrain, or prosencephalon, is the largest part of the brain and includes the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The cerebrum, which encompasses the cerebral cortex, is responsible for higher-order functions such as sensory perception, voluntary motor activities, reasoning, learning, memory, and emotion. The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, while the hypothalamus regulates homeostasis, controlling body temperature, hunger, and circadian rhythms.

In contrast, the hindbrain, or rhombencephalon, includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum. These structures are essential for regulating fundamental physiological processes. The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions such as heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure, housing centers for vital reflexes including swallowing, coughing, and vomiting. The pons act as a bridge between different parts of the nervous system and regulate breathing rhythms. The cerebellum coordinates movement and maintains balance and posture.

The differential impact of damage to the forebrain versus the hindbrain underscores the brain's functional organization and the hierarchy of importance in life-sustaining processes. The forebrain's role in higher-order functions, such as thought, sensation, and emotion, is crucial for the rich tapestry of human experience. However, these functions, while important for quality of life, are not immediately necessary for survival. On the other hand, the hindbrain's regulation of essential autonomic functions means that even minor damage can result in death or require immediate medical intervention to sustain life.

# data[].attributes.body
MUHAMMAD HASAN BIN MOHD NASHIR (151324)

I agree with the statement, when forebrain been removed, the mammal will survive. Forebrain are divided into two parts, which is first, Telencephalon. The main component in this part is the cerebrum. The function is to control voluntary muscle movement. Other than that, the function of this part is the sensory cortex in conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and taste. It is also used to process the sensory data and associate area of data integration. The second part, have two main parts with is thalamus and hypothalamus. Thalamus is the part of limbic system which functions to integrate sensory information arriving at thalamus. For hypothalamus, the function is to control the autonomic functions such as thirst, hunger, and sexual desire. It has a important roles in reproductive behaviour, participate in emotional responses, secrete ADH, oxytocin, and secretion of hormones for anterior pituitary glands. (Hasan)

# data[].attributes.body
Nur Syafiqa Binti Ibrahim Ng (158493)

I do agree with this statement. Forebrain is the largest part of the brain which consists of the cerebrum, the thalamus, the epithalamus and the hypothalamus. Thus, it is functioning in receiving and processing sensory information as well as thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling motor function. Its function is fairly important, but removing a large part of it should not a be life threatening since it's not in charge of vital function such as breathing. The animal or person who done forebrain removal surgery will have multiple disabilities but still can stay alive.

However, I disagree with the second statement regarding the hindbrain destruction. Hindbrain consists of the pons, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata which functioning in coordinating vital unconscious processes such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, sleep and balance. Brain has remarkable ability to adapt, reorganize and recover after injury or damage which known as brain plasticity or neuroplasticity. If the damage that occurs in hindbrain is relatively small, the chance of survival and recovery still exists. The mechanism of neuroplasticity is when neural rewiring occurs after the injury to form new connections (synapses) to compensate for the lost functions by its neighboring neurons. Thus, the remaining hindbrain areas such as spinal projections which originate from the reticular formation will adapt to take over tasks from the damaged area. Unfortunately, a total recovery chance is slim but there is a higher chance of living after hindbrain recoveries. It is all depends on age and the extent of the brain injury itself. The area of hindbrain damage is also crucial for example, the consequences of medulla oblongata damage are higher than pons and cerebellum since medulla oblongata has more crucial functions than others. Cerebellum responsible for motor control, coordination, balance and equilibrium thus neuroplasticity can still help in recovery.

# data[].attributes.body
Nurien Aina Nabila Binti Khairol Nizam

Hi and assalamualaikum, my fellow friends. As we know mammals’ brain has three main regions such as prosencephalon (forebrain), rhombencephalon (hindbrain) and mesencephalon (midbrain). Forebrain functioning in higher-order cognitive functions, voluntary motor control and sensory processing to perform complex tasks particularly in mammals. While for the hindbrain, it holds a crucial role in regulating vital autonomic functions such as breathing, maintenance of body position and heartbeat. From the functions of forebrain and hindbrain that I listed, I clearly agree with the statement. If there is a removal part of the forebrain, animals or mammals can still survive and show basic survival behaviors even though they are lacking in cognition, sensory perception or complex motor skills as has been proven by a few studies and clinical observations. However, the destruction or severe damage to small parts of the hindbrain can disturb vital functions like breathing or heart function as it will lead to an immediate death and it shows the critical significance of the hindbrain in maintaining the basic life support functions in mammals. So, what about others' opinion on this statement?