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One significant healthcare innovation is the rise of telemedicine, which has enabled remote diagnosis and treatment through digital communication technology. Telemedicine can be summarized as using information and communication technologies to deliver healthcare services promoting diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and injuries to improve individual and community health. This innovation has enhanced access to health care especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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In the 1960s, NASA pioneered telemedicine for space missions, developing technologies for remote health monitoring of astronauts​ (Valdes et al., 2021). The 1980-1990's experienced further computer and internet advancements that made teleradiology and telepathology possible (Kiran et al., 2023). Furthermore, telemedicine, facilitated by high-speed internet and mobile health applications, revolutionized healthcare by enabling remote consultations, data tracking, and improved communication in the early 2000's (Drago et al., 2021). With the integration of Electronic Health Records [EHRs], cost-effective solutions, and regulatory support have made it a vital global healthcare innovation at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic (Hammel et al., 2021). The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic sparked demand for research on telemedicine's trust, collaboration, legislation, infrastructure, and data analytics. This research is crucial, as it will focus on identifying the key drivers and barriers to increasing trust in e-health services (Escobar et al., 2021).

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Abstract

Regular hospital visits can be expensive, particularly in rural areas, due to travel costs. In the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic, where physical interaction becomes risky, people prefer telemedicine. Fortunately, medical visits can be reduced when telemedicine services are used through video conferencing or other virtual technologies. Thus, telemedicine saves both the patient's and the health care provider time and the cost of the treatment. Furthermore, due to its fast and advantageous characteristics, it can streamline the workflow of hospitals and clinics. This disruptive technology would make it easier to monitor discharged patients and manage their recovery. As a result, it is sufficient to state that telemedicine can create a win-win situation. This paper aims to explore the significant capabilities, features with treatment workflow, and barriers to the adoption of telemedicine in Healthcare. The paper identifies seventeen significant applications of telemedicine in Healthcare. Telemedicine is described as a medical practitioner to diagnose and treat patients in a remote area. Using health apps for scheduled follow-up visits makes doctors and patients more effective and improves the probability of follow-up, reducing missing appointments and optimising patient outcomes. Patients should have an accurate medical history and show the doctor any prominent rashes, bruises, or other signs that need attention through the excellent quality audio-video system. Further, practitioners need file management and a payment gateway system. Telemedicine technologies allow patients and doctors both to review the treatment process. However, this technology supplements physical consultation and is in no way a substitute for a physical consultation. Today this technology is a safe choice for patients who cannot go to the doctor or sit at home, especially during a pandemic.

Keywords: Healthcare, Remote treatment, Telemedicine, Virtual appointment

1. Introduction

Telemedicine enables patients to receive medical attention at the convenience of both doctor and him, and at the same time, he is safe. This may imply that a person does not need to take time off from work or arrange childcare. Going to the doctor's office entails sitting in close quarters with others can cause infection. This is especially risky for people who have chronic medical problems or a weakened immune system. It prevents the possibility of contracting an infection at the doctor's hospital. Telemedicine service providers could have lower overhead rates. Clinicians may find that telemedicine supplementing their income by allowing them to take care of more patients. When caregivers see patients online, they are not exposed to the infections that the patient may bring. The patient may be happy with their physician if they do not have to fly to the office or wait for treatment or get infected from the hospital [ 4, 5].

This technology allows people to take blood pressure medicine, refill medications, and recall their appointments. In addition, patients can describe their symptoms to doctors by email, take a series of self-tests, and enrol in step-by-step training services tailored to their specific condition. For all scenarios, electronic health technology makes chronic illness control easier by simply placing care monitoring apps and smartphones in the hands of patients [ 12, 13]. This article briefs about telemedicine and its need in Healthcare. Significant capabilities, features, barriers, and applications are discussed briefly.

1.1. What is telemedicine?

Telemedicine is a health-related service with the help of telecommunicating and electronic information technologies. It refers to the whole collection of deliverables designed to enable patients and their physicians or healthcare providers. It has a wide range of uses, including online patient consultations, remote control, telehealth nursing, and remote physical and psychiatry rehabilitation. It allows better health care choices, increases emergency service quality and performance, reduces time in making a diagnosis, and saves costs for both doctors and patients by optimising clinical procedures and reducing travel expenses to hospitals [ 14, 15].

Telemedicine has increased access to high-quality healthcare facilities. Patients will now get more customised clinical services. They can also meet the best medical providers simply by using video application software, consultations can be taken from afar, and clinicians have better-suited tools for networking, data storage, report management, and leveraging on each other's specific skills. This improves the quality of medical practice, allowing doctors to spend less time on rural assignments and providing more care to patients. Telemedicine also enables private healthcare specialists to practise and will enhance the patient experience. Patients will no longer have to stand in long queues, and physicians will be able to access patient information more conveniently and efficiently with electronic files and eliminating overall wait times. Furthermore, remote appointments allow doctors to devote less time to each patient, allowing them to treat a more significant number of patients [ 15, 16].

1.2. Why healthcare system needs telemedicine?

Rising healthcare costs and a need for better treatment are motivating more hospitals to investigate the benefits of telemedicine. They want improved contact between physicians and far-off patients and better usage of healthcare facilities. Here telemedicine also promotes better connectivity, which has resulted in fewer hospital re-admissions and patients entirely adhering to their prescription care plans. Telemedicine's increased contact advantage extends to doctor-to-doctor communication as well. Doctors may use telemedicine to build support networks to exchange their skills and provide better healthcare services. Telemedicine is a way of delivering medical treatment over the internet, usually through video chat. This technology has several advantages for both patients and healthcare providers. Though there are still technical hurdles and critics, telemedicine can supplement and enhance the overall patient experience [[17], [18], [19]].

2. Capabilities and features of telemedicine when used in healthcare management system

The concept of telemedicine and associated services have now been well established and proven for societal help. Fig. 1 reflects the various features and facilities offered by the telemedicine concept, specifically for the healthcare domain. It provides chronic health management, prescription compliance, remote services, care-for-all under critical and severe cases, etc., which ultimately enable this methodology to support the healthcare and medical care sphere. In addition, a series of tele-wearables heals up the patients and keeps them updating about their health status in a unique way [ 20, 21].

Telemedicine is an innovative technology, and many call it disruptive innovation. Thus, to cater to a distant patient, telemedicine employs a range of electronic communications media, ranging from teleconferencing to image-sharing to remote patient surveillance. Doctors may also use automation to offer quality treatment to their patients. They need to develop better IT support systems and learn a new way of file management. For example, a virtual appointment encourages primary care physicians to receive advice from experts when they have concerns about the illness or treatment. Exam reports, history, medical findings, X-rays, or other images are sent to the expert for examination to the doctor. The specialist can answer electronically, set up a virtual meeting with the doctor. These virtual consultations can eliminate the need for unnecessary in-person referrals to specialists, reduce wait times for specialist feedback, and eliminate the need for unnecessary travel. Telemedicine strategies are more useful where a doctor can see the patient, identify a disease, and chart the experience [[22], [23], [24], [25]].

Telemedicine solutions will significantly assist doctors. However, when combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI), it can become even more effective. It can simplify basic tasks by reducing doctor workloads and increasing job satisfaction. The application relay data in a timely and high-quality manner to ensure that an appointment runs smoothly. It would enable doctors to do a more rigorous review of a patient's health and inspections for any abnormalities. Patients are encouraged to see a doctor's open (available) time slots, as well as their upcoming appointments and the ability to reschedule them. Healthcare analytics is often used to interact with the gathered data and view it from a user interface. In the long term, store and forward approaches imply improved time and cost utilisation. Telemonitoring is based on various electronic technologies that transmit patient statistics directly to a healthcare provider's analytical interface [ 29, 30].

This technology has proved valuable and essential in a variety of capacities within the telehealth and medical industries. It is notably revolutionising surgeries, medical training, and schooling. Once the doctor has approved the desired appointment, the patient should obtain confirmation. Internal records, such as reviews, changes, and critical hospital alerts, can be included in their profiles. Physicians can be able to make meetings using schedules as well. Scheduling, and rescheduling, are the standard features of modern telemedicine applications. When physicians are informed of an appointment, they can access the patient's medical record and other details as needed in order to have an appropriate consultation and diagnosis [ 31, 32].

3. The treatment work flow process as being used in telemedicine care

Fig. 2 is showing a line-way representation of the workflow for attempting telemedicine culture-based treatment in healthcare services. It provides an ultra-edge type facility and attention at every step during its implementation. It all starts with the patient's entry or detailed information, further followed by the telehealth supportive care unit. This step is further associated with the setting up of the doctoral assistant to the patient and then after the diagnosis and appropriate treatment offered to the person under utmost care [ 36, 37].

Telemedicine and other technology improve clinical and administrative operations by telecommunication. It is a multifaceted technique that provides emergency care in both critical and non-critical situations. In general, it is used to treat patients who are suffering from chronic diseases. On the other hand, a hospital with an appropriate ambulance crew or other personnel can compensate for telemedicine. Furthermore, additional functions such as the patient's treatment history, diagrams of treatment dynamics, and e-prescriptions can be added to the telemedicine solution.

There is an easy sharing of medical records with any clinician specialising in treating a specific patient's disease, even a patient's caregiver who needs the information for insurance purposes. Patients can ask questions about their symptoms by communicating with their doctors via teleconference. Photographs and video consultations are replacing In-person evaluations. Telemedicine application software companies use app connectivity and cloud technologies to allow real-time collaboration and remote patient diagnosis. It saves time for both patients and physicians by monitoring health progress and inspecting when necessary. The telehealth app ensures seamless patient record collection and consolidation in a single location. It helps pharmacies, customers, and prescribing physicians by delivering healthcare services more quickly. With an e-prescription feature, doctors can create and deliver prescriptions with lesser errors. It would help to save time while also improving connectivity and customer satisfaction [[44], [45], [46], [47]].

Telemedicine solutions for Healthcare improve the quality of treatment for both patients and doctors. Today, telemedicine app growth is increasing as the demand for mobile telemedicine applications grows and will continue to expand. It also enables doctors to view documents on the prescription insurance form and provide all information in electronically connected pharmacies. The ability to pay medical bills from mobile should be a must of every telemedicine app. The ability for patients to rate and compare their doctors is an essential feature of any telemedicine app. Patient feedback is regarded as an essential part of quality management and professional development. Furthermore, it will assist many new patients in locating the specialist doctor that is ideally suited to their needs [ 48, 49].

Telemedicine applications have the potential to speed up the treatment of a variety of medical conditions. It is more successful when a person gets medication from a professional doctor who provides detailed knowledge about their symptoms. Telemedicine is a method of maintaining continuous contact with patients and healthcare providers. It has expanded access to healthcare facilities through the use of advanced technologies and services. Telemedicine provides any hospital or treatment centre with immediate access to medical professionals, consultants, and additional education and statistics. It is the fastest way to exchange all services with any hospital or clinic in the country. Telemedicine application specifications may be as simple and few simple requirements and some decisions [ 50, 51].

Telemedicine provides a great deal among healthcare professionals. Healthcare organisations incorporate telemedicine in medical offices and skilled nursing hospitals to deliver more effective services. Technologies combined with telemedicine software, such as electronic medical records, AI diagnosis, and medical streaming applications, can help physicians diagnose and manage patients more effectively. This enables physicians to track patients in real-time and modify care plans. Using telemedicine, doctors can treat more patients without adding more employees or expanding their office rooms. However, several physicians and patients, mostly older adults, are having difficulty adjusting to telemedicine [ 55, 56].

4. Barriers for the adoption of telemedicine practices in making healthcare services effective

Fig. 3 exemplifies the several fences that came across the successful implementation of telemedicine care to support the healthcare units and patients for their utmost care. There are very typical and usual barriers needed to be taken care of while looking to apply telehealth-related practices for Healthcare and its allied domains. The things must be very free from any kind of privacy loss, confidentiality revealing, fraud & abuse, inaccurate solutions, etc. as any of these issues may become a reason for anyone's discouragement, or the case may become complex as far as health sediments are concerned [[57], [58], [59]].

Telemedicine and other telehealth monitoring methods may assist patients and physicians in managing severe health problems such as diabetes and asthma. Providers will also track patients at home after being discharged from the hospital or recovering from an accident. Patients' mismanagement is a significant source of anxiety for physicians. Although advancements in medicine have made it easier to use technology, device outages occur from time to time. Healthcare systems that are considering adopting telemedicine technologies meet with industry experts. They have a host of realistic options for practitioners interested in incorporating telemedicine into their clinics, making the integration smoother [ 60, 61].

Telemedicine creates a new technology-assisted level of treatment by further connecting patients with their caregivers, access to physicians and experts, and encouraging both patients and providers to escape high-risk environments. Patients with drug abuse can be treated with different telemedicine methods. Overall, the cost of treatment is lower, resulting in cost savings. The cost savings would become more apparent as technology advances. When it comes to care and diagnosis, telemedicine is fantastic for physicians and patients. It can serve as an excellent support system. This form of telemedicine technology is handy for healthcare professionals for appropriate medication and care of the patient. Telemedicine can save money for both the individual seeking treatment and the provider when opposed to conventional care. In order to proper treatment, the healthcare provider would have telemedicine facilities on-site [ 71, 72].

5. Telemedicine in healthcare: significant application areas

Telemedicine technology has access to various treatment options, including primary care consultations, psychotherapy, physical therapy, and many more. It provides treatment through the use of wireless technologies such as laptops and smartphones. In most cases, video conferencing is used in telemedicine. Some services, on the other hand, choose to provide treatment through email or phone messages. Often patients use telemedicine in conjunction with their primary care physician. This technology is helpful where a patient must maintain physical distance or is unable to visit a healthcare centre. It allows practices to sell extended or weekend hours without incurring the cost of having the office open. This also makes practices more attractive to the growing number of patients who insist on telemedicine as a primary care provider choice [[79], [80], [81]]. It is a cost-effective and easy way to assist people with severe illnesses in managing their disease, being involved in their treatment, and preventing complications from worsening. Table 1 gives the significant applications of telemedicine for Healthcare.

Table 1

S
No

Applications

Description

References

14

Track patient for medication

Telemedicine technology allows providers and other healthcare personnel to track when and how their patients take their medication. Physicians will now track their patients' welfare over long distances using high-tech medical equipment. This technology enables information such as pulse rhythm, blood pressure, glucose levels, and more by transmitting data from one system to another. Since older adults are more likely to fail to take their prescriptions, so telemedicine may help in this regard.

[[131], [132], [133], [134], [135]]

16

Cost-effective

When compared to conventional ways of healthcare administration, telemedicine is a more cost-effective approach. This is valid since physicians and patients do not need to travel each time; they need to see a doctor or patient. In addition, video consultations are typically less expensive than in-person consultations, saving money on travel and hospital setup costs. Furthermore, making the online booking as well as video conferencing included in healthcare solution saves money. This is particularly useful in areas where patients may find it challenging to get to a hospital for medical care.
Another thing that telemedicine is doing is expanding the medical industry's frontiers. This field's studies, science, and growth are now made more available. With the assistance of video conferencing streamlines, medical students' schooling and preparation are now more realistic.

[[140], [141], [142]]

Various innovative technologies are used in the field of engineering. Healthcare and their associated field [[146], [147], [148], [149]]. These are helpful to solves various problems related to design, manufacturing and to create sustainable environment [[150], [151], [152]]. Telemedicine is often used to link doctors operating with a patient in one place while experts are in another to help them through telecommunication. This is highly beneficial to remote or difficult-to-reach areas where experts are not readily accessible. It is used to perform remote visits at a lesser cost and time. The advent of the internet age brought about significant improvements in the practice of telemedicine. The emergence of this smart technology is capable of high-quality video streaming paved the way for remote Healthcare to be delivered to patients in their households, offices, or assisted living centres as an alternative to in-person appointments for both primary and specialist care. Many people say that telemedicine has existed in some way or another since the telephone was invented. One can send images instead of data over the handset. Telemedicine is also an accepted component of the way Healthcare is provided in various countries. It has a surprising number of applications, which allows patients to plan a follow-up appointment by video, improves consistency with aftercare visit guidelines and reduces the pressure on both patients and doctors [[153], [154], [155]].

Telemedicine makes extensive use of confidential medical records. It is used for capturing, preserving, and distributing data, which helps to consider essential criteria in this area. Telemedicine is a website that allows one to chat with a doctor remotely [[159], [160], [161]]. Mobile applications serve as a connection between the device and the hospital's internal infrastructure. Dedicated modules can submit warnings, research notes, and data visualisations to assist clinical decisions. This programme uses a remote control to care for people with severe and chronic conditions. Any patient admitted to the hospital and held under care during surgery takes up a precious bed. Home health Telemedicine collects vital signs, has video conferencing services, and can sound alarms at a nurse's station [[162], [163], [164], [165]].

6. Discussion on the findings

Telemedicine allows doctors and patients to communicate directly through audio and video conferencing. During the call, and even before the doctor can see the ill person's health records. Telemedicine is a branch of health information technology that entails using technologies to provide clinical Healthcare over safe video and audio connections. This also allows for online treatment of sick people. Via telemedicine, a sick person can communicate with a doctor at any time and from any location through a secure audio and video call, and the sick person can even exchange records and photographs. Telemedicine technologies can be cost-effective and convenient if correctly oriented and conducted. During the Covid-19, it has become quite popular, and creative applications are being developed to increase health outcomes, reduce costs, and ensure that each patient receives the high-quality treatment they deserve.

Telemedicine use emerging networking systems, application software for communication & file management, advanced devices such as computers and mobile devices to view and control health care facilities to view our medical reports, appointments, order prescription refills, payment or contact doctor can be used as an online patient portal. Forward-thinking school partners with doctors to perform school-based remote visits. The provider may measure the severity of the situation and provide parents instructions or reassurance. Telemedicine technology has also been seen to successfully hold residents in assisted living facilities out of the hospital. On-call physicians may use telemedicine to perform a remote visit to decide if hospitalisation is needed at remotely located clinics. Several telehealth options are now becoming available to assist in managing health care and receiving treatments.

Telemedicine, a prominent example of IoT in Healthcare, should ideally be user-friendly, accessible, and adaptable. Computer hardware should have a simplified design factor that is appealing to both patients and healthcare practitioners. In addition, the system should be simple to incorporate into the current healthcare systems. Another factor to remember is the instruction that consumers would need to run smoothly for the system. Healthcare organisations should use the power of IoT to create robust, cost-effective, and accessible telemedicine applications. These healthcare systems track the user's vitals and record data over time. Some of these instruments can also forecast impending diseases depending on the user's general health. The aim of deploying an IoT-powered system is not limited to patient surveillance. For example, hospitals can mount IoT sensors on wheelchairs, nebulisers, defibrillators, and other medical equipment to allow for real-time tracking. This method may also be used to monitor the position of medical personnel involved with the hospital.

Telemedicine is now used in medical areas such as dermatology, mental health, medicine, and cardiology to deliver improved treatment to populations underserved by doctors and clinics. It is often thought to be a way to minimise significantly the expense of treating health problems such as asthma, diabetes, and sleep apnea, which benefit from continuous observation of a patient's condition. Telemedicine technology in recovery tackles these problems in various areas, including performing cognitive or psychiatric assessments, leading group counselling meetings, supplying patients with internet services, and remotely observing patients. For example, this technology will help people recover from lung disease by undergoing video therapy sessions and supervised physical recovery at a local satellite site. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death worldwide. However, many incidents can be avoided with the aid of drug therapies or social/lifestyle changes.

Telehealth may be making health more affordable and, as a result, growing Healthcare's importance and getting immediate treatment for patients. However, people must fly thousands of miles around the globe or continents to get affordable Healthcare. Several applications that have been created for health-related purposes have ensured that this hurdle is removed. Telemedicine service makes it much easier to have a video medical appointment with any doctor in the shortest amount of time. Patients can be able to customise their needs, venue and allow compatibility with current patient records. They can make personalised meetings and physicians who can collect vital details prior to the meeting. Furthermore, it allows various algorithms to view pertinent information on the home screen. For example, a search engine with complex filter algorithms would allow patients to choose several filters that can operate.

Telemedicine applications associate patients with doctors who consult them via video chat. The doctors available depends on the software by using the number of physicians who have registered with it. Any telehealth applications will also help to treat illnesses like diabetes, high cholesterol, or addiction. The apps will also send prescriptions to pre-selected pharmacies, allowing them to pick up medications conveniently. Telemedicine provides expert medical advice, diagnosis, recovery plans, and medications. The doctors can receive advanced training through internet consultations. Telehealth applications are entirely modern technology used for patient care and rapidly changing Healthcare and its effectiveness. It supports technologically-inspired health care systems.

7. Limitations of telemedicine in healthcare

Telemedicine, when compared to conventional treatment approaches, has lots of possible drawbacks to using telemedicine. It is no substitute for the conventional healthcare system; it compliments the healthcare system for minimal functions. There is a serious issue of hacking patient's medical data, especially if the patient connects to telemedicine from a public network or an unencrypted channel. When a person requires emergency care, this technology can cause the medication to be delayed, mainly because a doctor cannot deliver life-saving care or laboratory tests remotely. State rules differ, and physicians will be unable to practise medicine across state boundaries based on the state in which they are licenced and the state in which the patient resides. Clinicians must also ensure that the telemedicine service they use is safe and severe and compliant with privacy laws.

During telemedicine sessions, providers must focus on patient self-reports and necessitate physicians asking further questions to get a complete patient history. If a patient fails to report an important symptom that should have been detected during in-person care, medication could be jeopardised. One of the most significant drawbacks being a lack of availability and affordability. It can be costly for the supplier to set up and manage. Though a valuable and worthwhile facility, telemedicine can be prohibitively expensive for smaller healthcare facilities. Poor communication will also make it impossible to provide reliable care.

8. Future of telemedicine in the healthcare sector

In the future, patients will book an appointment with the doctor of their choice after completing a quick and straightforward registration process. Instead of typing, patients will upload medical history, verification documents, medical reports and past prescriptions. The patient interface is a proper function that allows the doctor to create an urgent care plan. It displays an outline of the patient's physical and personal records, assisting the doctor in deciding. Local healthcare resources can be quickly mobilised to offer both emergent and non-emergent services. This will allow clinicians to concentrate on high-demand, complicated cases in person rather than low-level cases that could be handled remotely. In the future, emergency departments to use video consultations to triage their patients, non-emergency situations are discharged earlier. As a result, there is less emergency diversion and improved patient conditions. Several healthcare organisations are adopting telemedicine application software to prepare for the future. It connected cardiologists with patients who came to the rural facility for care. They will also shorten the time required for follow-up appointments and complement the regular system. Remote patient management has arisen as the next major cause for virtual Healthcare, and this challenge is generating significant opportunities for many businesses.

9. Conclusion

Telemedicine is a valuable technology in linking clinicians with patients to ensure they make long-term lifestyle changes. It has significant benefits for medical office staff. This many times eliminates the burden of patient check-in and concentrates on higher-value tasks. With online visit capability, clinicians may care for their patients while still potentially assisting other affected practices. This also reduces distance limitations by exchanging information about a diagnosis, care, and disease prevention between the doctor and the patient through electronic means. The most extensive telemedicine application can get health coverage closer to people who live in rural areas where quality treatment is otherwise impossible to access. In recent years, this technology has been shown to increase the quality of healthcare facilities by allowing the exchange of information across many distant areas. It expands access to underserved areas, making it easier for them to schedule and hold appointments. People with reduced mobility get doctors' opinions and prescriptions which they need more quickly. Medicine and testing and procedures they have to manage at their place. Telemedicine minimises the doctors' & patient travel around the globe and changes each sick person's life, ensuring that each sick person receives the appropriate health treatment.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Articles from Sensors International are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Regular hospital visits can be expensive, particularly in rural areas, due to travel costs. In the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic, where physical interaction becomes risky, people prefer telemedicine. Fortunately, medical visits can be reduced when telemedicine ...

# data[].attributes.headline
Telemedicine Innovation: bringing a "virtual remedy" to healthcare

# data[].attributes.subject
Telemedicine Innovation: bringing a "virtual remedy" to healthcare

# data[].attributes.body
Published on June 14, 2024

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
[Michigan Medicine]. (2021, September 15). Innovations in telehealth: When access, patient experiences, and policy change matter the most [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/I_FbXcVdoVE

# data[].attributes.body
Innovations in Telemedicine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Innovations in telehealth: When access, patient experiences, and policy change matter the most

# data[].attributes.body
Telemedicine innovations have positively impacted healthcare by improving access, efficiency, and patient outcomes (Haleem et al., 2021). In my opinion, this innovation will further assist in global healthcare needs as technology access and literacy advances. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated the innovation and widespread adoption of telemedicine, reshaping the healthcare landscape and driving rapid technological advancements (Kiran et al., 2023).

# data[].attributes.body
-Proven to reduce healthcare costs

-Reduce unnecessary hospitalizations

-Improve the results of health care

(Drago et al., 2021)

-Allow patients and doctors to both review treatment plan and process, therefore better open communication

-Safe option during pandemic or when sitting in waiting room not (Escobar et al., 2021)

# data[].attributes.body
-Costs of technologies

-Access to technologies globally

-Patient privacy concerns

-Technology illiteracy

(Drago et al., 2021)

-Lack of ability to perform detailed physical assessment (Escobar et al., 2021)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Empathy

2. Woo

3. Learner

4. Connectedness

5. Developer

My strengths will help the team by empathy allowing me to understanding the patient's needs and act in their best interested; woo allows me to build relationships with providers and patients and establish strong connections; learners, such as myself, are adept at acquiring new knowledge to complex problem solve that would be needed for this telemedicine project; a strength of connectedness can quickly foster a spirit of inclusivity for a productive team; and finally the developer strength can recognize and strengthen others' talents and put them to use in needed roles.

# data[].attributes.body
My first chosen team member would be Alice, the achiever; she is highly-driven to reach goals, and would be a valuable piece of the team in order to reach timelines. I would also pick Abraham, as an arranger. Abraham is talented in identifying the best combinations of people and resources, and would be valuable with the telemedicine world of multitude of options related to telemedicine apps and other resources. Next I would choose Izzie, with the strength of input. This strength is needed for this healthcare innovation to aide in knowledge sharing and the integration of new insights into telemedicine projects. Fourthly, I would add Rachel, and her restorative strengths, to the team as a needed member to add resilience when setbacks arise in the technology world/errors. Finally, Max as the maximizer would add value to the team by fostering a culture of continuous improvement and continuing others to continually seek better and more effective strategies.

# data[].attributes.body
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Escobar, O. R., Leone, D., Malafronte, P., & Mele, S. (2021). The Effect of Telemedicine on Patients’ Wellbeing: A Systematic Review. Journal of Innovation Economics, n° 35(2), 9–31. https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.pr1.0098

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Kiran, N., Sapna, F., Kiran, F., Kumar, D., Raja, F., Shiwlani, S., Paladini, A., Sonam, F., Bendari, A., Perkash, R. S., Anjali, F., & Varrassi, G. (2023). Digital Pathology: Transforming Diagnosis in the Digital Age. Curēus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44620

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[Michigan Medicine]. (2021, September 15). Innovations in telehealth: When access, patient experiences, and policy change matter the most [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/I_FbXcVdoVE

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