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The Greek philosopher Aristotle was one of the earliest recorded scholars to articulate the theory of

spontaneous generation the notion that life can arise from nonliving matter. Aristotle proposed that some living things could arise spontaneously from mineral elements or decaying matter, a process he called "generatio spontanea".

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Theophrastus believed that living organisms could arise spontaneously from non-living matter, a concept known as spontaneous generation, theophrastus' theory of spontaneous generation was an extension of Aristotle's views on the topic.

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Paracelsus, a renowned Swiss physician and alchemist, was known for his contributions to the concept of spontaneous generation, he said that mice, toads and cells can be created from water, air, or decaying matter.

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Origin of the first cell from non-living matter (Oparin-Haldane, 1924)

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Origin of the first cell from non-living matter (Oparin-Haldane, 1924)

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This theory suggests that life arose gradually from inorganic molecules, with “building blocks” like amino acids forming first and then combining to make complex polymers.

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Origin of the first cell from non-living matter (Miller-Urey experiment, 1952)

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Origin of the first cell from non-living matter (Miller-Urey experiment, 1952)

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The Miller-Urey experiment was a simulation that attempted to replicate the conditions of Earth's early atmosphere and oceans to test if organic molecules could be created from chemical reactions between inorganic molecules thought to be present at the time. The experiment documented the production of amino acids and other organic molecules, demonstrating that chemical evolution is possible.

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The production of Carbon compounds like sugars and amino acids

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The production of Carbon compounds like sugars and amino acids

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Scientists passed vapor through a mix of Methane (CH4), Hydrogen (H2) and Ammonia (NH3), to represent atmospheric gases from the beginnings of the earth. They used electric discharges as a source of energy. Amino acids were formed and other carbon compounds necessary for life.

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Assembly of carbon compounds into polymers.

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Assembly of carbon compounds into polymers.

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A possible site for the origin of the first carbon compounds is around deep-sea vents. These are cracks in the Earth's surface, characterized by gushing hot water carrying reduced inorganic chemicals such as iron sulphide. These chemicals represent readily accessible supplies of energy.

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If phospholipids or other amphipathic carbon compounds were among the first carbon compounds, they would have naturally assembled into bilayers. Experiments have shown that these bilayers readily form vesicles resembling the plasma membrane of a small cell. This would have allowed different internal chemistry from that of the surroundings to develop.

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Development of a mechanism for inheritance

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Development of a mechanism for inheritance

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In the early phases of evolution… RNA was the genetic material, and it could keep the same information as the actual DNA does. The ARN could auto-replicate and also could act as an enzyme (catalyzer).

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Experiments and discoveries by Francesco Redi, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Luis Pasteur refuting the theory of spontaneous generation.

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Experiments and discoveries by Francesco Redi, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Luis Pasteur refuting the theory of spontaneous generation.

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Francesco Redi who demonstrated that maggots were the offspring of flies, not a product of

spontaneous generation. He did this by putting raw meat on different jars.

Lazzaro Spallanzani performed experiments observing the growth of small organisms using heated broth to prove the theory wrong.

Louis Pasteur filtered air using a gun-cotton filter, and found microorganisms while examining it.

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Based to the endosymbiotic theory, prokaryotic cells that were absorbed by bigger cells gave shape to the mitochondria and chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells.

DNA evidence: Each type of chloroplast and mitochondria has its special circular DNA. Since circular DNA is more basic and can be found in all bacteria, linear DNA definitely evolved later.