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In Oakland, California the Black Panther Party was founded on October 15, 1966. When the Black Panther Party was first introduced, it was named the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. The founders were all college students by the names of Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. They agreed that Bobby Seale would be the chairman and Huey P. Newton would be the minister of defense.
As they started off, their ideals were inspired by Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael. Their goals included combating police brutality and promoting black power.

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Bobby Seale's speech at the Free Huey Rally 1968 about the Ten Point Program listed the goals and rights that black people should have. He spoke up about black power and stopping racism. Huey formed these simple wants in the ten point program.

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Bobby Seale : The 10 Point Program of The Black Panther Party.

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Kathleen Cleaver grew up in Dallas, Texas. She was a worker for SNCC before she eventually met and married the Minister of Information of the Black Panther Party, Eldridge Cleaver. Kathleen was able to grow in her position and became the first woman in a leading position for the BPP as the Communications Secretary. She was an intelligent and outspoken woman who gave the iconic speech about the beauty of black hair. She attended Yale on a scholarship and earned her law degree. Today, she remains an activist and a prominent figure for black women everywhere.

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Women played a huge role in shaping the Black Panther Party, with a majority of the members being women by the 70s. They often defied roles of their gender, especially for the time, being shown as strong women with big ambitions for the future. When the FBI murdered many of the male leaders of the BPP, they didn't take into account the majority of female remaining members.

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Duncan, G. Albert (2022, March 4). Black Panther Party. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Panther-Party

Stockton, Richard. “How the FBI Used Murder and Blackmail to Thwart the Civil Rights and Antiwar Movements.” All That's Interesting, All That's Interesting, 20 Jan. 2019, https://allthatsinteresting.com/cointelpro-fbi.

“Huey P. Newton (February 17, 1942- August 22, 1989).” National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/individuals/huey-newton.

“Black Panther Party Community Survival Programs @ Bppaln.org.” Black Panther Party Alumni Legacy Network, https://bppaln.org/programs.

Sanchez, Adam “What We Don't Learn about the Black Panther Party - but Should.” Rethinking Schools, 29 Mar. 2021, https://rethinkingschools.org/articles/what-we-don-t-learn-about-the-black-panther-party-but-should/.

“Bobby Seale.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bobby-Seale.

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Huey P. Newton was born in 1942 and became a central figure in the Civil Rights movement due to his founding of the Black Panther Party. He was born in Louisianna but his family moved to Oakland, California early on. It was here that he met Bobby Seale and formed the Black Panther Party.
He was imprisoned in 1967 after being convicted of manslaughter. This made many people speak up and protest his imprisonment.

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The Counterintelligence Program, shortened as COINTELPRO, was a program created by President Hoover. This program did unethical things to influence the general public to think differently than they did. Some examples of this include trying to spread false information about civil rights leaders, trying to cause hate among different groups, and illegally spying.
One of their specific targets was the Black Panther Party. In the FBI's efforts to disband the party, they gathered spies to infiltrate the group. As a result of this, the FBI succeeded in weakening the party's trust and violence ran ramped among them.

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Bobby Seale was the national chairman of the Black Panther Party. Originally from Dallas, Texas, he entered college in Oakland, California where his views were eventually formed and along with them, the BPP. He was put into court as well and denied his constitutional right to a lawyer to defend him. He has since written many books about his experiences in the Black Panther Party and remains an influential figure to black empowerment.

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Though the BPP placed great importance on its wide range of programs, it's often overlooked. They had over 60 programs available for the community ranging from things like the free breakfast program, where children from poor backgrounds could eat without going to school hungry, to the free plumbing and maintenance program. These programs helped the poor people of the community meet their needs and earned them support.

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When the Black Panther Party comes to mind, many people think just of the two sentences written in their textbooks that the organization was violent, black separatists, and predominently male. It's clear from much evidence from the time and first-hand accounts that these are all misconceptions. Fred Hampton, the Chicago leader of the BPP, had made this clear when he banded together with the Puerto Rican Young Lords and the Young Patriots as the Rainbow Coalition.