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Climate change: It is a change in the average temperature over a long period of time.

Greenhouse effect: Trapping the sun's warmth into the earth's atmosphere.

Greenhouse gasses: It is a type of gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect

Global warming: An increasing temperature in the earth's atmosphere

Atmosphere: A gas layer that is around the earth

Environmental change: It is a change to the environment which is caused by human activities.

Human activities: The cause and effect that is made of human action

Renewable energy: It is an energy source that can be reused

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Citation: Live Science. www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html. Accessed 29 Apr. 2022.

This article is necessary to read because it talks about the main problem of global warming. We should slow down this process to make our earth the normal temperature.

Summary: In this article “What Is the Greenhouse Effect?” is mainly about how humans have changed the atmosphere. It talks about what are the effects on the earth.  And says how the sunlight is trapped in the atmosphere and can not bounce back to space. The article also talks about UV radiation. This is how the heat is trapped in the earth and causes global warming.

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The greenhouse effect occurs when Earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation because of the presence of certain gases, which causes temperatures to rise.

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Citation: BBC News. 11 Dec. 2015, www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-5aceb360-8bc3-4741-99f0-2e4f76ca02bb?utm_campaign=buffer&utm_content=buffer01f00&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com. Accessed 29 Apr. 2022.

This article with graphics can help us visualize the problem and the danger on the earth. It helps the reader to go into a deeper problem.

Summary: In the article entitled “Six graphics that explain climate change” by BBC News, global warming tells the damage to the earth. The article makes a serious contrast between the weather in the past and the present. It shows in a graph how the temperature is increasing really fastly compared to the past. It talks about how the big ice pieces are collapsing. And it makes predictions of global warming in further life.

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A breakthrough deal to attempt to limit global temperature rises was agreed at a conference of world nations in December 2015. These charts from the time show how and why the Earth's climate is changing.

1. What is the problem?

The world is getting warmer

The average temperature of the Earth's surface has increased by about 0.85°C (1.4F) in the last 100 years. Up until 2015, 13 of the 14 warmest years had been recorded in the 21st Century. 2015 then became the hottest year on record, but was surpassed by record-breaking 2016.

10 warmest years

10 coldest years

20th Century average temperature

Hotter

Colder

Source: NOAA

2. Why is this happening?

Greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide

Scientists believe that gases released from industry and agriculture (known as emissions) are adding to the natural greenhouse effect, the way the Earth's atmosphere traps some of the energy from the Sun.

Human activities such as burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas are increasing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. Carbon-absorbing forests are also being cut down.

The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is now higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years and reached a record high in May 2015. But 2016 marked five consecutive years of CO2 increases of at least two parts per million.

Scripps CO2 Program, data from the Mauna Loa Observatory

3. What are the effects?

Arctic sea ice melt

Higher temperatures, extreme weather events and higher sea levels are all linked to a warming climate and could have a drastic effect on the world's regions.

Since 1900, sea levels have risen by on average about 19cm globally. The rate of sea-level rise has accelerated in recent decades, placing a number of islands and low-lying countries at risk.

The retreat of polar ice sheets is an important contributor to this rise.

Arctic sea ice is also shrinking because of higher temperatures, though it makes little contribution to raised sea levels.

An area of sea ice roughly 10 times the size of the UK has been lost when the current day is compared with average levels from the early 1980s.

Arctic sea ice min. extent: 1980, 7.8 million sq km. 2015, 4.6 million sq km

Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center

4. What does the future hold?

Higher temperatures and more extreme weather

The scale of potential impacts is uncertain.

The changes could drive shortages in freshwater, bring about major changes in food production conditions and cause a rise in the number of casualties from floods, storms, heat waves and droughts.

This is because climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme weather events - however linking any single event to global warming is complicated.

Projected temperature change (1986-2005 to 2081-2100)

If greenhouse gas emissions peak between 2010-2020 and then decline substantially (RCP2.6)

If greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise throughout the 21st century (RCP8.5)

Source: International Panel on Climate Change - Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)

5. What can be done?

World's top ten greenhouse gas emitters

The top 10 greenhouse gas emitters make up over 70% of total emissions

Source: Carbon Brief, figures are for 2012

6. Limiting the damage

By the end of October 2015, 146 countries had submitted national climate plans on curbing emissions that are expected to form the cornerstone of a binding, global treaty on climate change.

According to a UN report, submissions in their current form point to a rise of 2.7°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100.

Scientists have determined that if temperature rises surpass 2°C, this will lead to substantial and dangerous climate impacts, which will hit the world's poor in particular.

Average warming (°C) projected by 2100

Source: Climate Action Tracker, data compiled by Climate Analytics, ECOFYS, New Climate Institute and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.

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A breakthrough deal to attempt to limit global temperature rises was agreed at a conference of world nations in December 2015. These charts from the time show how and why the Earth's climate is changing. The average temperature of the Earth's surface has increased by about 0.85°C (1.4F) in the last 100 years.

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Citation: "Climate Change." BrainPOP, www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/climatechange/. Accessed 27 Apr. 2022.

The video is essential to watch because it gives us a deeper understanding of climate change/global warming. It shares information about how we produce the gasses in the air and shows the issue of the current climate.

Summary: The video entitled “Climate change” talks about how we as humans made changes to the earth. First, it starts by introducing the causes of climate change. This change will lead to a big global issue which is global warming. The video also says how humans produce greenhouse gases and CO2. It also gives an idea of how we could help the environment to stop global warming.

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Citation: NASA Climate Kids. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology, 9 Mar. 2022,

This article is essential to read to get a basic understanding of climate change. It helps the reader understand what is climate change and what are the results of changing the climate.

Summary: In “What is climate change?” by NASA kids which is published on March 9, 2022, the article describes the climate change that has impacted our globe. The publisher introduces the text by telling the difference between the weather and the Climate. The article also talks about the consequences of climate change. It tells how natural disasters can increase if we create greenhouse gases and how we are ruining our environment. The climate change that we created will impact us back.

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Weather vs. Climate

Weather describes the conditions outside right now in a specific place. For example, if you see that it's raining outside right now, that's a way to describe today's weather. Rain, snow, wind, hurricanes, tornadoes - these are all weather events.

Climate, on the other hand, is more than just one or two rainy days. Climate describes the weather conditions that are expected in a region at a particular time of year.

Is it usually rainy or usually dry? Is it typically hot or typically cold? A region's climate is determined by observing its weather over a period of many years-generally 30 years or more.

So, for example, one or two weeks of rainy weather wouldn't change the fact that Phoenix typically has a dry, desert climate. Even though it's rainy right now, we still expect Phoenix to be dry because that's what is usually the case.
Want to know more about the difference between weather and climate? Take a look at this video!
What Is Climate Change?

Climate change describes a change in the average conditions - such as temperature and rainfall - in a region over a long period of time. For example, 20,000 years ago, much of the United States was covered in glaciers. In the United States today, we have a warmer climate and fewer glaciers.

Global climate change refers to the average long-term changes over the entire Earth. These include warming temperatures and changes in precipitation, as well as the effects of Earth's warming, such as:

Rising sea levels

Shrinking mountain glaciers

Ice melting at a faster rate than usual in Greenland, Antarctica and the Arctic

Changes in flower and plant blooming times.

Earth's climate has constantly been changing - even long before humans came into the picture. However, scientists have observed unusual changes recently. For example, Earth's average temperature has been increasing much more quickly than they would expect over the past 150 years.
Want to know more about how we know climate change is happening? Check it all out here!
How Much Is Earth's Climate Changing Right Now?

Some parts of Earth are warming faster than others. But on average, global air temperatures near Earth's surface have gone up about 2 degrees Fahrenheit in the past 100 years. In fact, the past five years have been the warmest five years in centuries.

Many people, including scientists, are concerned about this warming. As Earth's climate continues to warm, the intensity and amount of rainfall during storms such as hurricanes is expected to increase. Droughts and heat waves are also expected to become more intense as the climate warms.

When the whole Earth's temperature changes by one or two degrees, that change can have big impacts on the health of Earth's plants and animals, too.

What Causes Climate Change?

There are lots of factors that contribute to Earth's climate. However, scientists agree that Earth has been getting warmer in the past 50 to 100 years due to human activities.

Certain gases in Earth's atmosphere block heat from escaping. This is called the greenhouse effect. These gases keep Earth warm like the glass in a greenhouse keeps plants warm.

Human activities - such as burning fuel to power factories, cars and buses - are changing the natural greenhouse. These changes cause the atmosphere to trap more heat than it used to, leading to a warmer Earth.

Does What We Do Matter?

Yes. When human activities create greenhouse gases, Earth warms. This matters because oceans, land, air, plants, animals and energy from the Sun all have an effect on one another. The combined effects of all these things give us our global climate. In other words, Earth's climate functions like one big, connected system.

Thinking about things as systems means looking for how every part relates to others. NASA's Earth observing satellites collect information about how our planet's atmosphere, water and land are changing.

By looking at this information, scientists can observe how Earth's systems work together. This will help us understand how small changes in one place can contribute to bigger changes in Earth's global climate.

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Weather describes the conditions outside right now in a specific place. For example, if you see that it's raining outside right now, that's a way to describe today's weather. Rain, snow, wind, hurricanes, tornadoes - these are all weather events. Climate, on the other hand, is more than just one or two rainy days.