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Unicellular organisms are ones that only consist of a single cell. As you may know, every living thing on earth can be devided into one of three domains. The domains are bacteria, archea, and eukaryota. Out of these three domains two of them, archea and bacteria, both consist completely of unicellular organisms. A common characteristic of these organisms is that the cell dosent just end with a cell wall. It typically contains a capsule which acts as it's protective layer. It also may have pili on the outside of this capsule to help it grip surfaces. Unicellular organisms consist of all prokaryotes, most protists, and some types of fungi. Some of these organisms do live in large colonies, but each individual cell is a simple living organism. Some examples are, Valonia ventricosa, a single celled algae, Escherichia coli (E. coli) which causes food poisoning, and B. henselae which is common in cats and can be transfered to humans through a scratch from the cat.

Pictures (in order from top left): Valonia ventricosa, B. henselae, a diagram of a common single celled organism, and E.coli.

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Multicellular organisms are ones that consist of more than one cell. All of the mullticellular organisms fall into the Eukarkaryota domain along with a few unicellular organisms as well. Most of the organisms we can be see with the naked eye are multicellular organisms. One of the main factors in determining the difference between multicellular organism and a colony of single celled organisms is that in multicellular organisms different cells do different things. As humans, our brain cells are different from our nerve cells which are different from our blood cells. Each group of cells are built differently to make each part of the organism work properly. Some examples of multicellular organisms are cows, potatoes, trees, humans mushrooms, birds and guinea pigs.

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An Autotroph is an animal that survives by creating its own food. They are able to produce energy for themselves using sunlight and carbon dioxide and are therefore would fall into the category of producers in a food chain. Some characteristics of autotrophs is that they use the process of photosynthesis to make their own food. This includes most plants and algae. More specifically flowers, grass, trees, bushes, seaweed, and some types of algae.

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A Heterotroph is an animal that cannot produce it's own food and therefore must consume other organisms to receive energy. Animals like these are placed in the category of consumers. We usually thing of animals being hetrotrophic and plants being autotrophic but not all plants are autotrophic. Plants that survive off of a host like European mistletoe or other plants, such as pitcher plants and Venus fly traps which are carnivorous and feed on other organisms like insects. Some other examples of hetrotrophic organisms are humans, dogs, cats, fish, frogs bacteria and fungi.

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Eukaryotes are cells that contain nuclei. They can be single celled organisms like yeast and amoebae but all organisms that are multi-cellular are eukaryotas. One of the main distinguishing factors of a eukaryotic cell is the internal membrane that separates the DNA from the rest of the cytoplasm. The cell can also contain things such as ribosomes, mitochondria, and organelles. Also, in eukaryotic cells the DNA is grouped in one or more long chains called chromosomes.

Just about any organism you can think of is eukaryotic. Everything from sea sponges to humans, from cows to algae, and pine trees to potatoes.

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A Prokaryote is a cell without a nucleus. Every prokaryote is a single celled organism. They also have a flexible membrane that holds their cytoplasm. They contain one or few loops of DNA and they do contain ribosomes which produce the "food" for the cell. Some examples of prokaryotes are things such as Bacteria like E. Coli which lives in the digestive tracts of humans and some animals. Another example of prokaryotes are Extremophiles which are single celled organisms that live in "extreme environments," under high pressure and temperature like in the hot springs at Yellowstone and places with high salt contents like the Dead Sea.