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This theory was proposed around 430 BCE in Greece. Democritus believed that atoms were constant, solid, hard, indestructible, and incompressible. He said that they moved in infinite numbers through empty space until stopped. In his philosophy, he stated that atoms existed as more than just matter but also as qualities of perception and the human soul. For example, sourness was created by needle-shaped atoms, and the color white was made up of smooth-surfaced atoms. Democritus argued that matter was subdivided into indivisible and immutable particles that created the appearance of change when they joined and separated from others.

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John Dalton was an English Chemist from the United Kingdom who worked to put all the pieces of the atom puzzle together in 1803. Dalton's atomic theory consisted of 5 basic assumptions.
-all matter consists of tiny particles called atoms
-atoms are indestructible and unchangeable
-elements are characterized by the weight of their atoms
-in chemical reactions, atoms combine in small, whole-number ratios
-when elements react, their atoms may combine in more than one whole-number ration.
Dalton's theory was accepted because it explained the laws of conservation of mass, definite proportions, multiple proportions, and other observations. Over time evidence was found to disprove some of the points Dalton made about the formation of atoms, but nonetheless he was a pioneer in the development of the modern atomic theory.

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Joseph Thompson was a British physicist who helped revolutionize the knowledge of atomic structure by the discovery of the the electron in 1897. He stated that all matter, whatever its source, contains particles of the same kind that are much less massive than the atoms of which they form a part. Thompson proposed a model of the atom consisting of positive and negative charges, present in equal amounts so that an atom would be electronically neutral. He said that the atom was a sphere, but the positive and negative charges were embedded inside. Thompson's model came to be know as the "plum pudding model" or "chocolate chip cookie" model.

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Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand Chemist who made a big discovery in 1911. He was the first to discover that atoms have a small charged nucleus surrounded by largely empty space, and are surrounded by tiny electrons, which became known as the Rutherford Model. Rutherford was also credited with the discovery of the proton in 1919 and hypothesized the existence of the neutron.

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Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who did all of his work in Denmark. He made big contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory. In 1913 he proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom. His model depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the center. Bohr's solar-system-like model is where the nucleus contains the atomic number of positive charge and is surrounded by an equal number of electrons in orbital shells. His model implied all atoms were unstable because of the potential loss of energy. Bohr's model was very influential and respected. However, over time flaws were found and later experiments would illustrate thisl

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Schrodinger was an Austrian theoretical physicist who worked in the early 1900s. He contributed to the wave theory of matter and other fundamentals of quantum mechanics. In 1926 Schrodinger formulated a wave equation that accurately calculated the energy levels of electrons in atoms. He was able to take the Bohr atom model one step further by using his equation to describe the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain position. His atomic model is known as the quantum mechanical model of the atom. His differs from the Bohr model because it predicts the odds of the location of an electron instead of defining the path. His wave equation was groundbreaking and won him the Nobel Peace prize in physics in 1933.