# data[].attributes.body
C-The information was published and last updated in February 2016.
R- Yes, this info answers my question and It supports my claim.
A-It doesn't say who the author is but it was published by scholastic inc.
A-Yes, this information is factual.
P-Yes, this information is informing and persuading.

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More than 80 percent of public schools start prior to 8:30 a.m., which doctors say robs teens of vital rest. Is it time to overhaul the daily schedule?

YES. It's simple. Health comes first.

--Emi Yasuda, a high school senior in California

There's no sound more dreadful than the shrill scream of a morning alarm clock, especially when you have a stressful day ahead--and got what felt like minutes of sleep the night before. Even doctors feel our pain, urging schools to allow for extra slumber. Yet most districts have ignored their advice, and that's unfortunate. Teens shouldn't have to choose between their health and their education.

Sleep-deprived students face consequences much greater than feeling drowsy all day. Studies suggest a link between lack of Zzzs and mental illness, a weakened immune system, and a reduced stress threshold. Basically, we're neglecting a basic survival need while we strive to build a successful future. Does anyone else see the irony here?

Revamping the schedule is no easy task, but if school officials truly care about the well-being of their student body, they need to try. It's time to put our health first and take action!

The extra hours won't be spent sleeping.

--Jayme Wagner, a sixth-grade student in Kansas

I love sleeping in just as much as the next guy, but added time in the morning comes with a major downside: less free time at night! Even with an early roll call, it's tough to get the most out of the after-school period. With a later morning bell, we'll be expected to fit homework, practices, meetings, jobs, and even dinner into fewer evening hours. Getting to bed before midnight? Yeah, right!

But students and teachers aren't the only ones who would be rattled by a school schedule change. The extra wave of commuters will shift traffic patterns; working parents will need to scramble to find morning childcare; and next thing you know, the whole town has to adjust. School districts shouldn't have that kind of power over the community.

Waking up early has been part of our routine since kindergarten. Why flip the script now, solely because of an updated guideline from doctors? Everyone's tired now and then. Just deal with it.

[1] Teens need 9 1/4 hours of nightly slumber for optimal performance and health, but two thirds of high school students report sleeping less than 7 hours each night.

[2] Production of melatonin, the body's sleep hormone, occurs later at night during puberty. This makes it more difficult for teens to fall asleep before 11 p.m. and wake up before 8 a.m.

[3] Research suggests that "catching up" on sleep over the weekend doesn't erase your sleep debt. While you may feel more rested, your reaction time and problem-solving skills still lag behind.

SOURCES: 1. National Sleep Foundation, Journal of Adolescent Health; 2. SLEEP; 3. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2013.

STORY-AT-A-GLANCE * LEXILE LEVEL 870L

Should Schools Start Later?

What's more important--getting a healthy amount of sleep, or having enough time for after-school activities? Two students weigh in.

To read two opposing points of view, to evaluate claims, to determine the strength of an argument, to formulate an opinion

HEALTH EDUCATION STANDARD

Students will comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance health. (NHES.1)

Who should decide what time school starts?

GETTING READY TO READ 10 min

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.1 (Write arguments to support claims.) Before reading, write the debate question on the board. Have students use the Later Start Worksheet to write a short paragraph answering the question and explaining their answers.

READING THE ARTICLE 10-15 mm.

Read the article as a class. Then have students discuss or write answers to the following Close-Reading Questions.

* More than 80 percent of schools start prior to 8:30 a.m. What do doctors have to say about this? Doctors say that early school start times rob teens of vital rest.

* Summarize the research about sleep-deprived students that Emi refers to in her argument. Emi says that studies suggest a link between lack of sleep and mental illness, a weakened immune system, and a reduced stress threshold.

* Explain what Emi wants school officials to do, and why. Emi says that if school officials truly care about the well-being of the student body, they need to revamp the schedule, regardless of how difficult the task may be.

* What does Jayme see as the major downside of added time in the morning? Jayme says that added time in the morning means less free time at night. Even with an early start, it's hard to get the most out of the after-school period. With a later morning bell, he says, students will be expected to fit homework, practices, meetings, jobs, and even dinner into fewer evening hours.

UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE 10 min.

Have students write down or discuss their answers to the Critical-Thinking Questions.

* What point is Emi making when she says, "Does anyone else see the irony here?" Possible answer: Emi thinks it's ironic that, while the purpose of school is to help students build a successful future, early start times work against that purpose by forcing students to forgo an adequate amount of sleep, thus compromising their health.

* What does Jayme mean when he says, "The extra hours won't be spent sleeping"? Possible answer: Jayme probably means that students will have to stay up later to get everything done, which means they won't be getting more sleep, as the policy change would suggest.

* Jayme lists several ways that the community would be affected by later start times for schools. Why does he say, "School districts shouldn't have that kind of power over the community"? Possible answer: Jayme is arguing that it wouldn't be fair for school districts to change start times and potentially affect the schedules of everyone in town. In other words, students are not the only people in the community whose needs should be considered.

20 min. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.4 (Produce clear writing appropriate to task.) Have students use the second part of the Later Start Worksheet to explain, in detail, their current morning schedule, and how that schedule would change with an added hour each day.

* The 2010 documentary Race to Nowhere takes a critical look at the effects of achievement culture in America's schools and calls for a transformation of education from the ground up. Your students will watch teenagers like themselves fall to corrupt academic practices and poor health--ail due to the demands of navigating a highly challenging, pressure-packed schedule.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
More than 80 percent of public schools start prior to 8:30 a.m., which doctors say robs teens of vital rest. Is it time to overhaul the daily schedule? YES. It's simple. Health comes first.

# data[].attributes.body
C-This info was published and last updated on October 25,2007.
R-Yes,this information answers my question.
A-The author is Brain Bowling he's from The Pittsburgh Tribune-review.
A-Yes, this information is factual.
P-This information is persuading schools that start really early to make them start later.

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Oct. 25--Scientists are telling school officials what teenagers often claim: 7:30 a.m. is too early for learning.

Growing evidence shows that teens are biologically programmed to stay up later and wake up later than younger children and adults. Some school systems have heeded the research and are starting high school an hour or so later, but most still force teens into classes before 8 a.m.

"I end up sleeping in and missing school," said Maura Murzyn, 16, of Whitehall. "I'd totally show up if they started at 8 or 9."

Baldwin High School's schedule makes it hard to fit swimming practice, homework and sleep into the same day, she said.

Emily Gibson, 17, of Plum said she's never heard an adult talk about this before, but it is a frequent topic among her fellow students at Plum Senior High School. "Everybody's so tired in the morning," she said.

Although relatively few school systems nationwide have acted on the research findings, the idea of moving high school start times is getting increased attention. Pittsburgh Public Schools has looked at the idea for a couple of years and is contemplating later start times as part of its overall high school reform package.

Ebony Pugh, spokeswoman for the district, said one principal has implemented it. When Shemeca Crenshaw became principal of Westinghouse High School, she changed its start time from 7:30 to 8 a.m., Pugh said.

"She's seen an increase in the number of students who arrive at school on time, and her number of first-period failures has dropped since she did the 8 o'clock start time," Pugh said.

When seven Minneapolis high schools changed their start times from 7:15 a.m. to 8:40 a.m. in 1997, they subsequently reported similar drops in truancy. Teachers reported that students were more alert in morning classes, and students reported fewer bouts of depression.

Gibson typically gets up at 6 a.m. to get ready for school. Some adults might argue that teens should go to bed earlier if they need more sleep, but Gibson said it's not that simple.

"My body doesn't get tired until 10 or 11, so even if I try to go to bed earlier, I can't get to sleep," she said.

Studies going back to the 1980s back her up. They show that teens sleep on a different cycle from the rest of the world. Melatonin levels, which trigger sleep, tend to rise earlier in the evening for younger children and adults. The studies show that teens need about nine hours of sleep a night, but typically get only about seven on school nights.

Pam Kinzler, principal of Plum Senior High School, said the school has had a 7:30 a.m. start time since she was a student 30 years ago. Starting later in the day would disrupt transportation schedules and put Plum out of sync with other districts on after-school activities, such as baseball, tennis and track and field.

"In order for there to be a change, everyone in our region would have to change," she said. "If we were the only school doing it, it would cause difficulty."

Jack McCurry was principal of North Hills High School when he co-chaired a committee a few years ago that looked at the research on teen sleep patterns and start times.

McCurry retired in 2006 as principal but is North Hills' football coach. He said the committee never made a recommendation because the logistics of changing the schedule were difficult to work out.

"Personally, I still think it's a good idea to start high school a little bit later," he said.

He agreed with Kinzler that it probably would take an area-wide effort to make the change.

"I think you need a large district or a district with a high profile to do that," he said. "Somebody has to take that first step."

To see more of The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review or to subscribe to the newspaper, go to http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/.

Copyright (c) 2007, The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review

Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.

For reprints, email tmsreprints@permissionsgroup.com, call 800-374-7985 or 847-635-6550, send a fax to 847-635-6968, or write to The Permissions Group Inc., 1247 Milwaukee Ave., Suite 303, Glenview, IL 60025, USA.

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Science backs up tired teens who say school should start later

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Oct. 25--Scientists are telling school officials what teenagers often claim: 7:30 a.m. is too early for learning. Growing evidence shows that teens are biologically programmed to stay up later and wake up later than younger children and adults.

# data[].attributes.body
C-This info was published and last updated on January 22,2017.
R-Yes this info answers my question.
A- The photographer is Marri Hall.
A-Yes, this info is factual.
P-This image is showing that kids pay attention more later in the day.

# data[].attributes.body
C- This info was published and last updated on September 5,2014.
R- Yes, this info answers my question and supports my claim.
A- The video is from local 12 news
A-Yes this info if factual.
P-This info persuades other schools that they should start school later.

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CINCINNATI (Paula Toti) -- With thousands of local children back at school this week a new study suggests most children start school too early. It's a matter of health and concentration. The American Academy of Pediatrics says school should start for middle and high school students no earlier than 8:30am.

# data[].attributes.body
C-This image was published and last updated on April 18,2017.
R-Yes, this supports my claim.
A-This image is by jeff camp.
A- Yes, the image is factual.
P- This image is telling schools that teens need more sleep so they should start at a later time.

# data[].attributes.body
C- THis info was published and last updated on August 18,2017.
R-Yes, this info answers my question and supports my claim.
A-It doesn't say who the author is but the publisher is CNW group ltd-Toronto star newspapers.
A- Yes, this info is factual.
P- This info gives me lots of reasons why school should start later.

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A wave of international research suggesting delaying high school start times would have health and academic benefits for students has not yet crested in Canada.

Several individual boards and schools have embraced the growing number of global studies suggesting that early start times are at odds with adolescents' natural sleep patterns and can hamper both their academic progress and mental health.

But Canadian authorities have yet to join their international counterparts in recommending later bell times, and researchers are only starting to look at the impact of school hours on Canadian students.

Still, some school boards are considering putting the idea to the test.

One school board in northwestern Ontario has already done so and declared the experiment a success.

The Keewatin-Patricia District School Board moved to "harmonize" school start times three years ago, pushing the start of high school class times back as much as an hour in some cases.

The board's director of education, Sean Monteith, said he'd been championing the shift for years, saying there were particularly compelling reasons to put the policy in place at a school board that covers two time zones and caters to many students in far-flung Indigenous communities.

Early start times coupled with long commutes, he said, were taking an obvious toll on students.

"Kids were failing out. Kids were dropping out. They weren't doing well," Monteith said in a telephone interview. "To continue to allow the same historical practice to go on at the expense of kids dropping out was just simply unacceptable."

Students at the board's six high schools now start their day at 9 a.m., up to 50 minutes later than they used to before the policy went into effect in 2014. The practical benefits emerged immediately, Monteith said.

Numerous studies from the United States and Europe document not only pervasive sleep deprivation among teens, but the effects that deprivation has on numerous aspects of their lives. Lack of sleep has been linked to challenges with everything from academic performance to obesity to mental illness.

The evidence was convincing enough to prompt the American Academy of Pediatrics to name lack of sleep as a public health issue for teens and specifically name school start times as a factor.

Last year, a team of McGill University researchers set out to assess the state of school start times in Canada and their potential impact on student sleep patterns.

Study participants aged 10 to 18 got an additional three minutes of sleep for every 10-minute delay in their school start time. Lead researcher Genevieve Gariepy said those extra minutes all help bring the school day more in line with the average teenaged biological clock.

"What happens is our circadian rhythms ... get shifted by about one or two hours when puberty starts. So adolescents tend to just fall asleep later and wake up later," she said. "Adolescents will typically fall asleep around 11 or midnight and wake up around eight hours later."

The Thames Valley District School Board recently voted unanimously to test the idea of later start times and is looking for a school to volunteer to lead the effort.

Board chair Matt Reid said a full change will be complicated, citing the logistical challenges of changing current school busing schedules as well as potential resistance from parents or even students who hold jobs after school.

But he said the project promises to yield important data that would both help the board decide how to proceed and contribute to the ongoing conversation about later start times.

Matt Reid, the chair of the Thames Valley District School Board, is considering adopting later start times at high schools in London, Ont.

Dave Chidley, The Canadian Press

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Schools reluctant to adopt later start times despite mounting research

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A wave of international research suggesting delaying high school start times would have health and academic benefits for students has not yet crested in Canada. Several individual boards and schools have embraced the growing number of global studies suggesting that early start times are at odds with adolescents' natural sleep patterns and can hamper both their academic progress and mental health.

# data[].attributes.body
C-This video was last updated and published on March 27,2019.
R-Yes, this info answers my question and supports my claim.
A- This video is from BEME News.
A-Yes, it is factual.
P- This video is persuading other school to start there school later.

# data[].attributes.body
C-The info was published and last updated on Jan. 4,2019.
R-Yes this does answer my question, it supports my claim by giving me a lot of information about yes school should start later.
A-Brittney McNamara and she is a publisher from Gale, a Cengage Company.
A-Yes the information is factual.
P-Yes there is factual evidence and it persuades schools to start later.

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When I was in high school, it took a lot to get me out of bed and into class on time. Countless days, I'd sleep through my alarm, prompting my mom to scream at me from down the hall or my dad to yank the covers off me in a last-ditch attempt to get me to school before the bell. But what my parents seemed to think was laziness was at odds with my overall personality-I got good grades, was part of countless clubs, and played sports. If you didn't know about the daily drama that was getting out of bed, you might guess that I woke up early each morning excited to get to school. I know I'm not the only one who chronically hit snooze in my teen years, or the only one who was called lazy because of it. But, fellow sleepers, it turns out teen exhaustion isn't our fault. According to science, our schools might be to blame.

Researchers have long recommended that high schools push back start times to be later in the morning, departing from the average 8 a.m. call time for class (https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass1112_201381_s1n.asp). While the benefits of making school start later could be many for teens-including better performance in school, fewer reports of depression, and more-Adam Conover of truTV's Adam Ruins Everything noted in a recent episode that the impact could also literally save lives (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/backgrounder-later-school-start-times). He knows this because in a recent episode of the show, he ruined sleep (https://www.trutv.com/full-episodes/adam-ruins-everything/2178155/index.html).

"Basically, what researchers found is our circadian rhythms ... change as we age. Teens need a little more sleep than adults, nine hours or so, and they also are hardwired to go to sleep later and to wake up later in the morning," Adam told Teen Vogue. Because teens are biologically driven to go to sleep and wake up later, Adam said most teens are sleep deprived likely because they have to wake up early for school. This, he said, can have deadly consequences. "The result [of sleep deprivation] is really bad for the teens because it lowers their performance in school, but also drowsy driving is a serious problem."

According to the National Sleep Foundation, Adam is spot on (https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/teens-and-sleep). Teenagers need about eight to 10 hours of sleep each night, but few get it. One study found that only 15% of teens reported getting 8 1/2 hours of rest on a school night. Not getting enough sleep can lead to unhealthy eating, depression, other health problems, and can result in drowsy driving, which is what Adam was talking about. The Sleep Foundation notes that drowsy driving causes more than 100,000 crashes every year, and can be just as bad as driving drunk.

The Sleep Foundation has a number of recommendations to help young people avoid sleep deprivation, including starting school later. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has also cited early school start times as a reason teens don't get enough sleep (https://www.cdc.gov/features/school-start-times/index.html), and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended in 2014 that schools across the country push back start times until 8:30 a.m. at the earliest (https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/3/642).

So, if making school start later could potentially lead to better test scores, healthier teens, and fewer drowsy driving accidents, why hasn't it been done? Well, there may be a few reasons. The stereotype that teens are lazy could be one of them.

"The weird thing is that parents tend to treat it as kids are just lazy," Adam said. "My mom used to spray me with a water bottle. Even today, my mom, when I go visit her, when I wake up at 8 a.m. now she's like, 'Ooooh.' It's a natural change of life. Despite that, we organize our society in a way that ignores that truth about that. It's hurting the children our society wants to protect."

Many schools across the country have looked into pushing back school start times but fell short of actually making the change. Some schools have cited money problems, as many school districts stagger school start times to allow them to use one fleet of buses to carry students at various grade levels, which saves money. Other districts share buses, meaning the start time change would impact more than just one set of students. For other districts, sports leagues are a barrier to shifting start times-since many games in regional high school sports leagues operate on an early start, and therefore earlier release, timeline, some have argued that starting later would cause scheduling issues if not all schools in the regional league were on board.

And while some adults call teens the lazy ones, Adam suggested another reason school start times haven't been pushed back is that the stereotype might be the other way around.

"I think it's a matter of looking at the arguments against it and debunking them one by one," he said. "The first thing you're going to hear is, 'When are we going to have football?' Get someone on the football team to be like, 'I don't know man, two hours later?' The only arguments against it are that it takes effort to change the status quo."

In addition to the research saying letting young people sleep later could be good for them, there's evidence that it actually improves things across the board. According to a report published by the Massachusetts Association of School Committees, Hingham Public Schools moved their start times from 7:20 a.m. to 8 a.m. in 2003 and have seen improvements in both academic performance and attendance since (https://www.masc.org/images/events/2018/summer-institute/MASC_Summer-Institute_2018_School-Start-Times.pdf). Nauset Regional High School in Massachusetts similarly moved its start time, opening at 8:35 a.m. instead of 7:25 a.m., and saw "instantaneous results," according to the report, including fewer failing grades and suspensions. One year after Evergreen School District in Washington state shifted school start times, officials said that it was too early to cite hard data, but that students seemed happier. Of course, not all school districts that push back school start times are thrilled with the change, and some have even reversed the decision to start school later.

But Adam pointed out that there's one thing that's hard to argue with: If making school start later might save lives lost in drowsy driving accidents, why wouldn't everyone be on board?

"This is a personal issue to me," he said. "Students are under so much pressure to achieve academically, achieve in athletics. You have students who are at a school all day and on a sports team. Time is filled up 12 to 16 hours a day and [they're] getting five hours of sleep. That's a recipe for accidents. It's a matter of saving kids' lives."

If you want your school to start later in the morning, Adam suggested some simple advocacy-go in front of the school board and make your case. Adam suggested having a plan for how exactly your school could make this change and bringing data to the table.

"Every school is under pressure to show it has good test scores," he said. "If you can show those results from [a place that's had success], say, 'Look at the difference here.' Who will argue with saving kids' lives and improving test scores?"

If you want to watch Adam ruin more things, tune into the show on Tuesdays at 10 p.m.

Source Citation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why Schools Should Start Later and Teens Should Sleep More

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When I was in high school, it took a lot to get me out of bed and into class on time. Countless days, I'd sleep through my alarm, prompting my mom to scream at me from down the hall or my dad to yank the covers off me in a last-ditch attempt to get me to school before the bell.

# data[].attributes.body
C- This info was published and last updated in 2019.
R-Yes,this info answers my question.
A-The author is David Polochanin and he is and English teacher.
A-Yes, this info is factual.
P-This information gives me lots of information on if other people think that schools should start later.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
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Common sense, as a general idea, seems easy to define. But when it comes to the time that middle and high school students start school in most places across the United States, the education community has been doing it wrong-with numerous, hard-to-ignore studies, sleep experts, and national organizations rightly blasting the negative impact on adolescents to begin class around 7:30 a.m.

On this topic, most schools have been in the Dark Ages, literally and figuratively. The vast majority of districts do not heed recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics to hold off beginning middle and high school until 8:30 a.m.

For advocates of a later start time for secondary schools, it was a brief ray of hope to learn of California's recent progress on the matter, with lawmakers there approving a bill that would require all middle and high schools to begin after 8:30 a.m. Unfortunately, Gov. Jerry Brown, citing that the decision should be made by local school boards, vetoed the legislation late last month.

Delayed Action

Even with the California setback, the movement to push back school start times is gaining momentum nationally. From Saco, Maine, to Seattle, many districts have already successfully pushed back the start times of high schools and middle schools-and with largely positive results. For instance, according to the nonprofit group Start School Later, Saco schools have seen a 40 percent drop in tardiness, an almost 50 percent reduction in student visits to the nurse, and staff reports that students are more alert and ready to learn since they moved to a later start time in 2016.

Scores rise, too, when schools align their schedules with adolescent biological clocks. In 2014, a three-year, 9,000-student study from researchers at the University of Minnesota found that students whose high schools changed their schedules to start at 8:30 a.m. or later improved their performance in English, math, science, social studies, and standardized tests (http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/inside-school-research/2014/03/later_start_times.html).

So, if the research is clear that making this change yields an overwhelmingly positive outcome, the burning question is: Why has this taken so long? And: When will other districts follow suit?

The answers are muddied by a mix of factors, ranging from a shift in family schedules, potential budget adjustments to accommodate more buses, challenges with after-school sports and activities, and the prospect of having students complete their homework later at night than they already do. But the main issue, experts studying the change agree, is one of simple inconvenience. Schools and their communities have been so accustomed to the current schedule that many are resistant to change. It's much easier to do what has always been done.

Obvious Benefits

However, when you consider the negative impact of an early school day on adolescents and pre-adolescents, the facts can no longer be ignored. Thirteen- to 18-year-olds require 8 to 10 hours of sleep daily, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics-Supports-Childhood-Sleep-Guidelines.aspx). Circadian rhythms during puberty force teens to go to bed later and sleep later in the morning. Anyone who has taught middle and high school, or has a child in this age range, can attest to this. (Forehead on the dining room table during breakfast, anyone?) School start times forcing teens to wake up before 6 a.m. clearly do not align with teens' sleep needs.

According to the American Academy of Pediatricians, adolescents who do not get the required amount of sleep are at risk for a host of serious physical problems, including obesity and diabetes; safety concerns, including drowsy driving; issues related to mental health, including increased anxiety, depression, and decreased motivation; and a decrease in school performance, such as cognitive impairment, problems with attention and memory, lower academic achievement, poor attendance, and higher dropout rate.

The author of the failed California bill, Democratic state senator Anthony J. Portantino, recently told The New York Times that forcing teens to get out of bed so early is "the biological equivalent of waking you or me up at 3:30 a.m. Imagine how you would feel if, 187 days a year, you had to get up at 3:30 a.m. You'd be miserable, you'd be depressed-you'd act like a teenager."

With such compelling evidence, it makes one wonder how children in middle and high schools have been able to function well at all in school-at least during the early morning hours. It also calls to mind how an earlier start time could have helped millions of students who haven't performed well, faced physical problems, or dropped out because they have had to wake up far earlier than they should have.

As author Daniel H. Pink states in his latest book, When, this is a remediable problem. "Starts matter," he writes. "We can't always control them. But this is one area where we can and therefore we must."

Veteran educators know that, each year, communities throughout the country spend millions on costly new initiatives-technology, curriculum, new buildings, to name a few-many of which have marginal positive impact on student learning.

If school superintendents and boards of education were to examine the research behind secondary school start times, it is impossible to disagree: Outdated schedules are failing many students. We can no longer be complacent. As schools look for an answer to boost student attendance, performance, and engagement, making a change in start times for secondary students is an obvious solution.

Now, which districts will read the research and have the common sense-and the courage-to make the change?

Source Citation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Officials Should Listen to Science and Delay School Start Times

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Common sense, as a general idea, seems easy to define. But when it comes to the time that middle and high school students start school in most places across the United States, the education community has been doing it wrong-with numerous, hard-to-ignore studies, sleep experts, and national organizations rightly blasting the negative impact on adolescents to begin class around 7:30 a.m.