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The word "atom" was first created to mean the basic unit of a chemical element. The word was taken from the Greek word "atomos", which was first introduced by Democritus. He also discovered that atoms were 'uncuttable'.

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Aristotle proposed that matter is made up of four elements: fire, air, water, and earth. Additionally, he proposed that matter has four properties: hot, cold, dry, and wet. He is also held responsible for the 2000-year 'death of chemistry' in which no important discoveries over atomic theory were made.

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Conferences, Business & Travel Management at Greece

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John Dalton proposed a model in which atoms were imagined as tiny balls, like billiard balls. He also proposed that atoms of the same element are the same and atoms of different elements are different. He also discovered that atoms are made of a single material that is made into different shapes and sizes.

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JJ Thompson discovered electrons, using plum pudding as a model, where negative particles are stuck in a positively charged substance.

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Ernest Rutherford used the Gold Foil Experiment to discover that the atom contains mostly empty space with one very tiny nucleus, and he discovered the proton. The Gold Foil Experiment worked by shooting a beam of alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil, where a few of the particles were deflected. He concluded the thing deflecting them must be a tiny nucleus, which contains most of an atom's mass.

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Rutherford confirmed the atom had a small, dense, positively charged core called the nucleus, and electrons travel in paths called energy levels.

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Bohr joined Rutherford in the task of making an accurate quantum model.

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Bohr presented a model in which electrons move in specific layers. His model can be compared to how the solar system works, with the electron in an atom revolving around the nucleus. He proposed that electrons are scattered around the nucleus at a distance, moving billions of times in one second. He also discovered that an electron's location depended on how much energy it has.

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Erwin Schrodinger used mathematical equations to describe the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain position, creating the modern quantum model.  He also discovered that electrons are found in electric clouds, not paths.

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James Chadwick discovered the neutron.

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All matter is composed of atoms. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each element has its own atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.