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a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.

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a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

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the practice of living as a parasite in or on another organism.

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an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

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the doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being.

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interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

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an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.

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An organism that cannot manufacture its own food and instead obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances, usually plant or animal matter. All animals, protozoans, fungi, and most bacteria are heterotrophs. Compare autotroph. heterotrophic adjective (hět'ər-ə-trŏf'ĭk)

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each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.

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the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.

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a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.

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all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.

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a shallow recess, especially one in a wall to display a statue or other ornament.

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the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

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A biotic factor is any living component that affects the population of another organism, or the environment. This includes animals that consume the organism, and the living food that the organism consumes. Biotic factors also include human influence, pathogens, and disease outbreaks.

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a nonliving condition or thing, as climate or habitat, that influences or affects an ecosystem and the organisms in it: Abiotic factors can determine which species of organisms will survive in a given environment. Compare biotic factor. Contemporary definitions for abiotic factor.

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a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat, e.g. forest or tundra.

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a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.