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is a common optical problem that occurs when a lens is either unable to bring all wavelengths of color to the same focal plane, and/or when wavelengths of color are focused at different positions in the focal plane.

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is a conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another

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is a form of distortion that occurs when two elements of the signal being processed to form a digital image become indistinguishable from one another

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is caused by compression when an image is saved in the .jpg format.

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is when straight lines are curved inwards in a shape of a barrel

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is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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Is an Advanced Photo System-High Definition which is the APS format that has a wide angle aspect ratio.

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is a camera that uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm.

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is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal which converts the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.

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Is a sequence of adjacent bits operated on as a unit by a computer. A byte usually consists of eight bits.

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is a unit of measurement used to describe the size of a digital file. One kilobyte is comprised of 1,024 bytes of digital information.

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a unit of measurement used to describe the size of a digital file. One megabyte is comprised of 1,024,000 bytes, or 1,024 kilobytes of digital information.

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is a unit of data storage capacity that is roughly equivalent to 1 billion bytes. It is also equal to two to the 30th power or 1,073,741,824 in decimal notation

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is  a measure of computer storage capacity that is approximately 2 to the 40th power, or 10 to the 12th power, which equals approximately a trillion bytes.

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is an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

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is a style employed by many 20th Century artists, using a minimum amount of components such as color, shape, line and texture.

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is imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.

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is used where the artist is being innovative and experimental in an aspect of their art. The Avant-garde in photography are critical of existing aesthetic views. (feminist in 1970's)

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is an expression of a revolutionary philosophy. It aimed to free people from rigid rationality and restrictive habits in politics, religion, and social behavior.

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is a visual perception that occurs when viewing a set of lines or dots that is superimposed on another set of lines or dots, where the sets differ in relative size, angle, or spacing. ... Moiré effect can produce interesting and beautiful geometric patterns.

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is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them.

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is when two photographs are exposed onto the same film to blend two images together.

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is the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects.

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is when you take photos for commercial use such as for business,sales, for money.

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is a graphical representation of the tonal values of your image it also shows the amount of tones of particular brightness found in your photograph ranging from black (0% brightness) to white (100% brightness)

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is a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general, anti-art tends to conduct this questioning and rejection from the vantage point of art

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is an artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate that consists of three-dimensional elements projecting out of or from the substrate. It is similar to collage, a two-dimensional medium

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Is a neutral-density filter so it can reduce the amount of light entering the lens.

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is the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film. ... Color cross processed photographs are often characterized by unnatural colors and high contrast.

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is a simple device to direct the light in a tight beam. It is a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees

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is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point.

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is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam.

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is nothing more than a light modifier. It diffuses the light into a pleasing soft, even light. When used properly, it reduces harsh shadows.

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is a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio

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is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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is for changing the color, brightness, contrast or transparency of the active layer or a selection.

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is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range by specifying the location of complete black, complete white, and midtones in a histogram.

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is a simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macrophotography. ... When used in photography, it creates an attractive catch light on a subject's eyes while emitting even, diffused lighting that helps eliminate shadows.

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is the use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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straight-out-of-camera

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is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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is a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film. ... The process gains its common name from the Polaroid brand film, when Fuji brand film is used the process may be called Fuji transfer.

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Photogravure is an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio plate that can reproduce detailed...

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is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints. The process uses two chemicals: ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide.

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is an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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is a technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark. The light is evenly divided over the subject.

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is a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above. This creates a nose shadow that 'loops' down at an angle onto their cheek. It is a slightly directional lighting pattern - the light is not flat, but the face is still mostly illuminated.

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is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

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is a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting,' named for classic Hollywood glamour photography

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is a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly. ... Broad lighting is typically less flattering than short lighting as it widens the look of the face.

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is type of studio lighting setup, where the face side which is further from the camera gets the main light. ... The effect you get when using this lighting setup is a thin face, this is why it is good to photograph fat (or chubby) people with a short light setup.