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The comparison between Python and Java is crucial in the programming world due to their significant roles and distinct characteristics. Both languages are widely used, and understanding their differences and similarities is essential for developers at all levels. Whether for a beginner or an experienced programmer, grasping the nuances of Python and Java is vital for making informed decisions and succeeding in software development. This research paper provides a comprehensive comparison of Python and Java, covering aspects like syntax, performance, ease of use, practical applications, and community support. By analyzing these factors, we aim to offer valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each language, helping developers understand their respective roles in shaping the future of technology.

The first and most important aspect of comparison between the two languages is readability and writing. Python stands out for its simplicity and readability, with a syntax designed to resemble natural language, as highlighted by Khoirom (2020). In contrast, Java's verbosity, acknowledged by Schildt (2018), requires more boilerplate code, making it less straightforward for developers, especially beginners or those accustomed to Python's concise syntax. For instance, while printing "Hello, World!" in Python requires just one line of code, Java necessitates defining a class and a main method, resulting in more cumbersome syntax. Overall, Python's simplicity and natural-language-like syntax contribute to its readability and ease of use, while Java's verbosity poses challenges for understanding and writing code, particularly for beginners or those familiar with Python's concise syntax.

The performance comparison between Python and Java is pivotal for developers' language choice. Java typically outperforms Python due to its static typing and bytecode compilation, as noted by Gosling (2014) Java's static typing enables early error detection and compiler optimization, enhancing efficiency. Conversely, Python's dynamic typing and interpretation process may lead to slower performance, noted by Lutz (2013). For instance, in complex algorithms, Java's optimization during compilation typically results in faster execution. While Python emphasizes readability and ease of use, Java's performance advantages suit speed-critical applications. Developers must weigh these factors when selecting the appropriate language, considering performance needs and maintainability.

Compared to the previous comparisons, diversity and uses are no less important. Python's versatility is evident in its widespread adoption across domains such as rapid development, scripting, scientific computing, and AI applications (Downey, 2015). Python's concise syntax and rich libraries make it ideal for tasks like rapid prototyping, data analysis, and AI development, supported by renowned libraries like NumPy and TensorFlow. In contrast, Java's strength lies in enterprise-level applications, web development, and mobile app development (Schildt, 2018). Java's platform independence and comprehensive standard library enable building complex applications across diverse environments, illustrated by frameworks like Spring for web development and its support for Android app development. Understanding the diverse applications of Python and Java is crucial for selecting the most suitable language for specific project requirements.

Compatibility and target platforms are crucial considerations when comparing Python and Java. Java's platform independence, facilitated by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), ensures seamless execution across various operating systems and hardware architectures (Gosling, 2014). The JVM abstracts the underlying platform, allowing Java applications to run without recompilation. This compatibility is vital for enterprise and large-scale systems. Python also offers cross-platform support, but compatibility may vary due to library availability and versioning issues (Downey, 2015). Differences between Python versions can pose challenges. In essence, while Java ensures compatibility through the JVM, Python's cross-platform support may be subject to library dependencies and version variations, highlighting key considerations for developers.

Another aspect of comparison between Python and Java is their respective communities and libraries. Python is renowned for its vibrant community and extensive collection of libraries and frameworks, covering diverse application domains (Lutz, 2013). The Python community actively contributes to library development, fostering collaboration and innovation. From web frameworks like Django to data science tools like NumPy, Python offers a wide range of resources. Conversely, Java also has a sizable community, particularly in enterprise and Android development (Schildt, 2018). However, Java's community may lack the diversity and breadth of Python's. While Java boasts frameworks like Spring and Android SDK, Python's ecosystem often surpasses Java's in variety and specialization. Ultimately, Python's active community and rich library ecosystem contribute to its versatility and attractiveness among developers, highlighting the importance of community and library support in language selection.

The final comparison point is the learning curve and academic use of Python and Java. Python's popularity in academia stems from its simplicity and ease of learning (Lo, 2015). Its clear syntax and readability make it accessible to beginners, allowing them to focus on fundamental programming concepts without complexity. Python's versatility across different domains also makes it suitable for diverse educational needs. In contrast, Java may pose a steeper learning curve due to its verbosity and emphasis on object-oriented programming (Schildt, 2018). While Java offers insights into industry practices, its complexity may require more effort from students. Overall, Python's simplicity makes it ideal for academic use, fostering a supportive learning environment. Java, despite its challenges, provides valuable insights into object-oriented programming. Understanding these differences is crucial for educators when selecting languages for instructional purposes.

In conclusion, the comparison between Python and Java highlights their distinct characteristics and applications. Python's simplicity and readability make it popular for beginners and professionals alike, while Java's verbosity offers robustness for complex enterprise projects. Python excels in rapid development and scientific computing, while Java dominates in web and mobile app development. Both languages have large communities and libraries, with Python's community being particularly vibrant. In academia, Python's ease of learning prevails, although Java remains prevalent. Ultimately, the choice between Python and Java depends on project requirements, performance needs, and developer familiarity, with each language offering unique strengths in software development.

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The efficiency of facial recognition technology in executing tasks is one of its many advantages.

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In conclusion, obesity detrimentally impacts both physiological and psychological health. Overconsumption of food can strain the body's organs, potentially leading to insulin resistance, diabetes, and joint discomfort. Furthermore, excessive weight gain strains the heart by increasing pressure on the arteries, which can lead to heart disease. This weight gain also necessitates increased vascular activity to distribute nutrients throughout the body, potentially leading to hypertension. Lastly, societal pressures can cause individuals to feel self-conscious about their weight, potentially leading to anxiety. Additionally, obesity can lead to the accumulation of harmful substances in the body, increasing the risk of dementia. Therefore, it is imperative to promote healthy lifestyle choices and provide support for individuals struggling with weight management, as these measures can significantly reduce these risks and contribute to overall health and well-being.

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To begin, one of the effects of obesity is Diabetes infection. Obesity is closely linked to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Increased food intake leads to higher blood sugar levels. Unused sugar is converted into fat by the pancreas, which can overload it and the body, as it’s the organ that regulates blood sugar by producing insulin. According to Shah et al. (2021), obese individuals are seven times more likely to develop T2DM due to metabolic changes caused by obesity. In essence, obesity often leads to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or prediabetes, a major risk factor for T2DM. As obesity worsens, cells can become resistant to insulin, prompting the pancreas to produce more insulin to compensate. However, this can lead to pancreatic exhaustion, reducing its ability to produce sufficient insulin, thereby leading to (T2DM).

Moreover, obesity-related diabetes can lead to joint inflammation. The common condition of (IGT), in obesity can cause joint discomfort. This can damage the musculoskeletal system and limit mobility. Diabetes can also cause changes in nerves and small blood vessels, leading to abnormalities in the hands and other joints. According to Huang et al. (2024), studies have underscored an association between diabetes and Osteoarthritis (OA), with OA often linked to insulin resistance. This is further exemplified by a connection between two substances - leptin, a hormone that regulates body weight, and the antagonist of the interleukin-1 receptor, a protein that controls inflammation - and insulin resistance and (OA). The presence of certain substances in people with insulin resistance and OA indicates a connection between T2DM and OA, implying that diabetes-related factors also affect OA development.

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In conclusion, while it's true that facial recognition technology has faced drawbacks in the past, its current and ongoing development presents significant advantages. Facial recognition technology’s high efficiency in performing tasks and future adaptability outweigh the privacy implications  However, it's crucial to emphasize the importance of responsible development and regulation to ensure that the benefits of facial recognition technology are maximized while minimizing the potential of it being exploited.

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Advantages and disadvantages of gene editing body paragraphs 

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Advantages and disadvantages of gene editing body paragraphs 

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The ability of gene editing to boost healthcare is direct, providing a lot of benefits that can transform the medical healthcare. By precisely adjusting genes, gene editing provides the help of curing genetic illnesses that have concerned many individuals and families. Moreover, this technology allows treatments to be specific based on an individual's genetic characteristics, leading to more effective and custom interfere. Abdelnour et al. (2023) stated that the ability to precisely and intentionally change the genetic composition of eukaryotic cells has clearly advanced due to the adaptability of gene editing as a palliative measure for various diseases. In other words in the treatment of numerous inherited conditions, gene editing has significantly improved the ability to change the genetic makeup of complex cells to correct different diseases. Their research shows that making precise changes to genes in treating inherited conditions depends on various factors. Since genetic disorders are always connected to genes, gene editing is an important tool to help manage and prevent these conditions effectively. Meaning gene editing fixes the defective genes that causes inherited diseases, improving an individual’s health and reducing their risk, leading them to a healthier life.

Additionally, gene editing improves our immune system in protecting us. Abdelnour et al. (2023) mentioned that CRISPR/Cas9 is a gene that was recognized as a bacterial defense mechanism that increases the immune response against viruses. By using gene editing, the body’s ability to prevent infections and fight off viruses can be increased. This technology can improve our immune system in detecting and destroying harmful viruses because, it alters specific genes like CRISPR/Cas9 to recognize viruses. It has the ability to fight diseases by changing the DNA of the organism that causes illness, thereby increase the disease prevention.

Another benefit of gene editing is boosting agriculture. It makes crops stronger against pests and diseases. By changing the genetic information, plants can grow faster and produce more food. This technology has also made fruits and vegetables last longer on the market rather than getting rotted in a short period of time. Permyakova et al. (2024) stated that advancements in genetic engineering techniques and the availability of plasmid libraries have enables researchers to accurately modify genes, creating new avenues for enhancing crops. This study shows how technology is helping scientists change genes in crops more precisely, leading to improved crop quality and productivity. By using these advanced tools and resources, researchers are revolutionizing how they enhance crops for the future. Creating genetically modified crops that are more resilient to pests, diseases, and environmental stressors increases food securing and improves agriculture.

Moreover, genome editing can be considered a important part of reducing food waste by preventing food from being wasted. Denver (2019) mentioned that gene editing tools present the potential for minimizing food waste by improving harvest efficiency and extending the shelf life of produce. By using gene editing tools, we can prevent food from spoiling quickly, ultimately reducing the amount of food that gets thrown away. This research shows that gene editing can help us produce and preserve food more effectively, contributing to minimizing food waste. It will decrease losses occurring before and after harvesting while transporting crops from the farm to storage and market.

However, Gene editing poses the potential risks if creating undetectable genetic modifications, leading to ethical dilemmas regarding inequality, transparency, and consent. Wadhwa (2017) asserted that advancements in gene editing are emphasizing an urgent necessity for ethical and legal standards to govern in vitro genetic manipulation, while also prompting worries about a future where wealthier individuals might use CRISPR to enhance their children. Secretly chsnjng genes can make people trust in science less, keep some people from getting the benefits, and take away others’ right to control their genes. To use gene editing fairly and responsibly, it’s important to be honest, think about ethics, and make sure everyone has a chance to benefit from it. Using genetic modification for purposes like making people stronger or smarter could create unfairness in society, because it costs a lot of money, not everyone will benefit equally. Thie could make existing social gaps even worse and keep them going.

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In conclusion, there are several advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of AI on our community. AI makes the people more efficient by ensuring that crucial healthcare operations continue to perform adequately and by executing routine tasks of employees. However, AI decreases the likelihood of student’s success as it prevents them from developing fundamental skills and does not provide them with emotional support. Moreover, it poses a major security threat as hackers might use AI to manipulate people with a false identity and it causes companies to cease their production. Finally, AI has revolutionized the method of doing work and can be used by people to enhance the quality of their work, although the safety still needs deep assessment.

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According to Ogbonmide et al. (2023), it is estimated that the cost

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Bhakta et. al. (2019) stated that materials that could endanger pharmacists’ health during preparation can be handled by automated robotic compounding equipment

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The efficiency of facial recognition technology in executing tasks is one of its many advantages. Facial recognition enhances security measures by ensuring the authenticity of someone’s identity in seconds. According to Gates (2011), facial recognition aims to automate the process of connecting faces to identities using databases, institutionalizing a more effective way of mass individuation than physical identification alone. Using facial recognition in Mass individuation speeds up the process of identifying an individual between a group of people, which ensures the safety and efficiency of the entry made.

Additionally, facial recognition technology can offer customers a streamlined experience. Using facial recognition to make a purchase is seen to be much more convenient and efficient. Seng et. al.(2021), conducted a study and reported that instead of entering a credit or debit card, using facial recognition to make a purchase was seen to be more convenient in the eyes of the consumer. The speed of transactions made by facial recognition is faster than entering a physical card which is why many customers prefer it.

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Computer programming paradigms are styles which programmers follow to design programs. These structures were needed due to two significant changes that today’s sophisticated computers have passed through, the change from mechanical switches and binary coded programs to the high-level programming languages that are close to human language, and the extremely long programs the continuously evolving life imposed. Being two of the most useful and used paradigms, functional and object-oriented programing paradigms are two of the many paradigms that were introduced in the 20th century. Both paradigms share various similarities, yet they are radically different. The three main differences between functional and object-oriented programming are the core concepts that build each one, the special advantages each one provides, and the difficulties of learning each one.

The major difference between object-oriented and functional programming approaches is the principles and theory of each one. Functional programming, on one hand, primarily concentrates on the processes to do on data, rather than data itself. Based on a mathematical branch that is called Lambda Calculus, and using pure functions, one of its concepts, it does that. According to Jensen (2019) functions are used as the main building block of functional programming model. In other words, every piece of a code written using this style is a function, that is, the function has all the operations to do on data. Consequently, any functional program is totally constructed of functions, and all needed procedures are organized in these functions in a way that achieves this style’s goals. On the other hand, the concepts of class and object are the essential ones of object-oriented programming. In fact, object-oriented programming is an abstract simulation of the way life and nature are organized. A class is the blueprint or template for its objects, objects are instances of a class, and these are at the core of object-oriented programming (Sarcar, 2019). To put it simply, a class is a definition consists of some attributes and methods that describe a particular object. An object can or can be not a real-world entity. For instance, mammals are one of the many classes existing on earth, and humans are one example of this class. Similarly, data is the point of interest in an object-oriented program, and it is organized and classified into large groups that can be instantiated, and endless number of objects can be created of them.

Another difference between these two styles of programming is that each one provides unique benefits that cannot be provided by other programming paradigms. Although functional programming has various advantages, data caching and restoring is one of its most notable benefits. This great benefit of this style is a result of its structure of pure functions. Because the pure function is going to always return the same output for the given input, it is possible to cache the function’s outputs (Aravinth & Machiraju, 2018). In fact, whether a mathematical or a pure function, a function does some specific processes on inputs, and gives an output that will never change, which enables a program of saving the function’s outputs so it can be retrieved effortlessly any time without rerunning the function more than one time. Caching is not only beneficial for reducing the pressure on networks, but also enhances the user experience and shortens loading time. On the contrary, the object-oriented paradigm has its own benefits as well, and one of these benefits is inheritance. Inheritance, in simple words, is one of the four concepts that is produced by the idea of classes and objects, and it is the ability to have a subclass and a super-class in programs. The great thing about inheritance is that it provides a code reuse mechanism, and a code written in a super-class can be reused by its subclass (Sharan & Davis, 2022). That is, the subclass can have the definition of its super-class, as if it inherits it, its methods, and attributes, besides its own definition. In consequence of that, codes written in this style are shorter, and more readable.

The last difference between object-oriented and functional programming is how difficult each one is to learn and master. For functional programming paradigm, and even though it is a very practical and concise one, it is considered to be more challenging to grasp, and the reason behind that is the mathematical component of it. In fact, Lambda calculus, the base of the functional paradigm, is a formal system based on the definition of function and its applications (Machado, 2013). Thus, understanding what a function is and how it works is the basic step towards this approach, which means, as well, the need of some mathematical knowledge and experience. Because of that, this paradigm is more difficult to work and design with compared to other programming paradigms. In converse, the object-oriented style of programming represents an easy start to learning programming, specifically if compared to the functional paradigm. The special criterion about object-oriented programming that makes it close to most peoples’ understanding are the simple, yet complex concepts it has. It does not only help programmers relate their programs to daily life, but also makes programming a joyful job. Additionally, its neat and well-organized and arranged structure eases the process of maintaining any program written using it, which as a result reduces the confusion when dealing with it.

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To begin, increasing human efficiency is one of the considerable advantages of AI on our society. The healthcare sector usually requires its workers to produce faster outcomes to avoid putting patients' lives in danger. However, this can be extremely difficult to achieve during a technical issue as the operation of crucial healthcare systems might get affected adversely. Shimonski (2021) argued that the major advantage of using AI in healthcare operations (AIOps) is the capacity to maintain vital systems so that medical operations can continue to function during any technical problem. This is a valid point because the use of AI in hospitals helps to ensure that no time is wasted by increasing speed and accuracy of crucial systems. For example, smooth functioning of ventilator system ensures that patients in Intense Care Unit (ICU) receive adequate oxygen supply to avoid any casualty from taking place. Hence, the healthcare setting is not affected during technological issues owing to increased efficiency, which consequently ensure patient’s wellbeing.

Additionally, AI promotes productivity by encouraging automation of daily tasks of employees working in various companies. Working on several tasks simultaneously can be quite challenging for employees and might negatively affect company’s output production. Polak explained that AI makes the employees more efficient by taking responsibility of performing daily tasks which enhances labor skills and hence ensures that more work is done in less time (as cited in Shen and Zhang, 2024). In other words, when AI is used to complete a specific set of tasks, people who were previously responsible to perform them can develop prioritization skills by working on other important assignments. For instance, employees can work on a project which requires more attention and will bring more profit to the company without worrying about less important assignments, which will be managed by AI. Therefore, they will be able to complete more tasks within the same period, thus increasing company’s output and generating more sales.

Despite this benefit, the major disadvantage of AI on our community is that it reduces student’s potential to be successful. AI hinders the development of fundamental skills needed by students to achieve high grades in school. Sánchez-Ruiz et. al. suggested that over-dependence on AI systems like ChatGPT can adversely affect critical thinking and problem-solving skills of students (as cited in Hasanein & Abu Elnasr, 2023). That is, students who use ChatGPT to solve their assignments are less likely to learn and are unable to think independently or solve problems on their own. Similarly, they hesitate to make key decisions that involve analyzing various aspects and measuring potential risks associated with the task. For this reason, they usually show poor academic performance and are unable to seek reputable jobs in future, thus hindering their way to success.

Moreover, introduction of AI in educational institutes leads to lack of support given by the teachers to weak and newly enrolled students. Although AI can give rapid answers to the homework questions without the need of teacher’s assistance, they are still needed to provide guidance on certain aspects, where AI is of no use. Chiu et. al. explained that while exceptional students enjoy engaging with AI chatbots, newly enrolled students require emotional support of their teachers to get motivated. (as cited in Han & Lee, 2024). What the author means is that AI chatbots lack the ability to counsel newly enrolled students and provide them with emotional and moral support needed by them to get comfortable in new setting. This guidance can only be provided by teachers who can personally encourage these students to excel at college. However, the introduction of AI in schools leads to lack of this assistance as the teachers are getting replaced, which consequently leads to their poor academic performance and reduced ability to succeed.

Lastly, the security and privacy issues associated with AI is its additional disadvantage on people. The use of AI has increased the number of cybercrimes around the world as significant rise in identity thefts incidents has been observed in last few years. Suwajanakorn et. al. argued that an important and well-known case of deepfake creation that has been reported is a one-minute video with over 4.8 million views since April 2018, featuring the former US President Barack Obama. (as cited in Sandotra & Arora, 2024). To put it more simply, primary threat and ethical concerns with implementing AI in various institutions is digital security, as hackers may attack networks and exploit data for unethical purposes. This includes impersonating other people without their knowledge and performing tasks which will cause harm to them. Hence, this can tarnish their reputation in a society and lead to unfavorable legal actions against the creator.

Furthermore, by introducing AI to their settings, institutions can face financial issues owing to the increased need of hiring skilled staff.

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To begin with, in order to have a protected system for IoT devices, it will be of great importance to apply modifications to the updating system. This can be a small step towards a huge change, by enforcing a better updating process a shielded system will be created. With this approach internet of Things devices are going to have a higher secure system that can grant access to only authorized parties and reject any kind of data theft attempt. Russell et al. (2016) stated that developing a secure update producer can help maintain authorized patches, software, and firmware versions in IoT systems. This illustrates that ensuring that only approved patches, software, and firmware are applied to the system the implementation of a robust update mechanism is essential since it helps in preventing unauthorized access, vulnerability, and potential exploits that could compromise the system. Also, including a secure updating process in IoT devices enhances the overall reliability and performance of the system by assuring that it is always running the latest update using a stabilized firmware that minimizes the chances of any attempt of data theft.

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To sum up, children having SMA is due to lack of a specific gene called SMN1 this disorder is not a contagious condition, however, parents have the possibility of transmitting it to their children even if the percentage of this condition is low. Fortunately, with the progress of research in this field, treatments for this disorder have emerged, regardless of their limitations and very high cost. An illustration of these treatments is the Zolgensma and ASO. Physical therapy also helps manage SMA. Hopefully, the governments manage the huge prices of the available treatments for SMA. It is crucial that people support disease research. There is a need for more resources and collaboration among stakeholders to advance community understanding and improve outcomes for affected individuals.

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Another beneficial treatment for dealing with SMA is physical therapy. As an additional treatment for SMA, especially in cases where primary therapies are unavailable or unrecommended, physical therapy may possibly be employed. Children over 2 can benefit from regular physical therapy sessions to improve muscle stiffness. Physical exercise training aims to improve functional performance, muscle strength, exercise capacity, and quality of life, and reduce fatigue levels (Bartels et al.,2019). What the author means is the main purpose of physical therapy is to prevent the condition from worsening and it can offer some benefits. Moreover, it can be often considered as a secondary option when injections are unsuitable due to the patient's age or type of SMA. Physical therapy slows SMA progression and improves health. However, chemical treatments for genetic diseases are always expensive because of the rareness and sensitivity of these illnesses. Unfortunately, some families, cannot afford treatment, so their children either struggle or slowly die. According to Ogbonmide et al., (2023), it is estimated that the cost of a single intravenous injection of Zolgensma is approximately $4.2 million for an individual's lifetime. Because of the sensitiveness of SMA not only a slight error in injection calculation can render it useless, but also there is a risk of paralysis for children. Some argue that high prices for single-dose children's meds prioritize profit over health, raising ethical concerns. This is especially true for neonates, where it exploits a vulnerability for parents. In general, Physical therapy is a valuable secondary treatment for SMA.

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The main treatments of SMA are exemplified by Zolgensma and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies. Zolgensma is one of the very rare treatments of SMA and it can be effective for some SMA types only. For many years SMA was a disease that had no cure. According to Ogbonmide et al., (2023), The resources assess the cost, effectiveness, safety, community prioritization of distribution, obstacles, and accessibility of Zolgensma as a treatment option for children under 2 years of age with SMA. This is a valid point because this treatment serves as a hope for children and it can be considered the first treatment in the world for this genetic malady which serves as encouragement for children who are experiencing slow deaths. Additionally, to Zolgensma, the ASO is the Antisense oligonucleotide treatment. ASO is the one of few chemical treatments for SMA. According to Stephen and John (2016), SMA research has given rise to two promising treatments, one uses ASOs to promote exon 7 inclusion in SMN2-derived mRNA, while the other relies on viral-mediated therapies to replace the SMN1 gene. With this being the case, continued research on these SMA treatments is crucial to determine their long-term efficacy, optimize treatment strategies, and expand access to these life-changing therapies. In short, the continuous development of hard disease is the way of finding the right and beneficial treatments for each type of SMA, instead of only addressing some types.

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How has automation changed the pharmaceutical industry? Recently, the use of technology has spread in various fields due to the services it provides that make life easier. It is evident that technology has had a significant impact on the advancement of various fields. The integration of technology in the pharmacy sector has provided many opportunities for its development. Moreover, with technology employees in the healthcare field find it simpler to manage and save time when information is accurately organized and compiled. Technology confers several positive impacts on the pharmacy sector such as preserving the worker and patient’s life, raising the performance of pharmacists, and improving the quality of medicines.

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To begin with, mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene are the main cause of SMA, an autosomal recessive disorder. Therefore, mutation disrupts SMN protein production, causing motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord and progressive muscle weakness, more prominent in proximal muscles. Stephen and John (2016), mentioned that SMA caused by Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disorder that results in the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Therefore it is caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Since it is a genetic disease, it can be managed in several ways, such as In Vitro Fertilization – IVF. For instance, it is recommended for most relatives to do this procedure due to the high risk of having a genetic diseases. Despite being rare, this genetic disorder poses a risk to affected children. It's crucial to make an extra effort to help them feel normal. Therefore, many families fear having a child with a risky disease due to the challenges it would pose, such as a difficult life or the need for extra care. According to Kumar and Rodriguez (2018), Approximately 2% of individuals affected by the condition inherit a deletion from a parent's egg or sperm. With this being the case, before starting a family, couples should undergo genetic testing for inherited disorders like SMA to prevent passing it down to their children. However, if a genetic test is positive, medical procedures can be done to ensure a healthy child, so parents will not feel guilty. Overall, SMA is caused by specific genes inherited from parents, affecting basic functions like speaking and breathing, IVF can prevent it.

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Introduction:

Since the old times people have traded using things like pebbles or rocks, and as society developed throughout the years, multiple types of currencies have come out such as paper-based money, coins, and even digital currencies like bitcoins. Later credit cards were invented for its convenience and quicker access to cash, However, due to the recent impact of Covid-19 there’s been a change to cashless society. This means relying on cashless methods rather than using paper-based money or coins, it comes with its fair share of disadvantages for both individuals and financial banks where there is a rapid growth of criminal activities, risk of losing personal bank account data and loss of privacy.

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Kumar,N, and Rodriguez,S.(2018). The -Omics Revolution and Its Impact on Human Reproductive Medicine. Academic Press

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Kumar,N, and Rodriguez,S.(2018). The -Omics Revolution and Its Impact on Human Reproductive Medicine. London, United Kingdom : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, 2018.

https://mylibrary.qu.edu.qa/search~S1?/YSpinal+muscular+atrophy+%28SMA%29&SORT=D/YSpinal+muscular+atrophy+%28SMA%29&SORT=D&SUBKEY=Spinal+muscular+atrophy+(SMA)/1%2C3%2C3%2CB/frameset&FF=YSpinal+muscular+atrophy+%28SMA%29&SORT=D&1%2C1%2C

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Jeon, B., Jeong, B., Jee, S., Huang, Y., Kim, Y., Park, G. H., Kim, J., Wufuer, M., Jin, X., Kim, S. W., & Choi, T. H. (2019). A facial recognition mobile app for patient safety and biometric identification: Design, development, and validation. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/11472

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Obesity, a global epidemic, is a silent killer lurking in the shadows of societies. This medical condition, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, threatens our health and longevity. It places a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with increasing costs for treating obesity-related diseases. The accessibility and affordability of unhealthy food options, coupled with sedentary lifestyles, have created a perfect storm for this epidemic, contributing to a significant weight increase over the past decade, and leading to a health crisis. If left untreated, obesity can trigger a cascade of life-threatening diseases, costing many their lives. The repercussions of obesity extend beyond physical health, impacting mental well-being and leading to conditions like diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and mental instability.

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Self-driving cars which are also known as autonomous vehicles, have risen recently due to the enhance of technology marking a huge transformation for the future, by allowing a car to move, navigate roads and highways and more without the orders and assistance from a human being. Autonomous vehicle are vehicles that are designed to drive with no human help. These vehicles use a combination of programing, sensors, cameras, radar, and electric technology as well as a highly advanced artificial intelligence. Autonomous vehicles are suspected to expand to city driving by the year 2025-2030. Self-driving cars hold both advantages and disadvantages; they have societal benefits, like a drastic reduction in road fatalities but they also present challenges regarding cybersecurity threats attack motivations

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Thesis: Vaccines have various effects on the body like the stimulation of the immune system, the development of body immunity, and potential side effects.

Main points:

--Stimulation of the immune system (composition of vaccines/ immune response)

--development of immunity (synthesis of antibodies/ memory cell activation)

-- safety and side effects (adverse reactions/ negligible side effects)

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technological innovation in computer systems which simulates human intelligence to perform complex tasks that previously only humans could accomplish. AI helps in making informed decisions and provide innovative solutions to several problems by analyzing vast amount of data using machine learning algorithms. Since it has revolutionized the method of doing work, the use of artificial intelligence has significantly increased in the 21st century as it influences a societal shift towards integrating this technology into various domains within our society. However, it also raises concerns about the hazards, ethical implications, and long-term repercussions of AI. AI confer numerous benefits and drawbacks on our society such as: improving productivity, reducing creativity, and raising safety concerns.

Main Points:

I.          Efficiency

a.     Ensures the functioning of critical healthcare systems without hindrance

i.         The major advantage of using AI in healthcare operations (AIOps) is the significance of maintaining vital systems so that medical operations can continue functioning during any technical problem.

ii.         Response to the evidence: AI helps to ensure that no time is wasted as the healthcare setting is not affected in any way during technological issues, which consequently saves energy as well as ensure the patient’s wellbeing.

b.    Aids the doctors

i.

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i.     Stephen J. Kolb, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor and John T. Kissel, M.D., Professor and Chairman

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The Internet of Things has emerged as a transformative force in modern life, reshaping the way people interact with technology and driving significant changes in everyday experiences. The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized daily life, yet it has also introduced significant security and privacy challenges. The IoT's reliance on insecure network connections leaves devices vulnerable to unauthorized access, potentially exposing sensitive user data. Moreover, the lack of encryption in data transmission between IoT devices and backend systems exacerbates these risks, necessitating effective solutions for safeguarding security and privacy in IoT ecosystems. (No Thesis)

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Entering a building and experiencing a wave of calm or feeling a rush of energy and excitement are common occurrences. It is not widely known how a building's design, particularly its basic architectural features can inspire a wide range of emotional reactions. Architecture is a form of expression that affects our feelings, behaviors, and interactions with our surroundings. It is more than just the placement of walls and roofs. Architecture and human psychology have long been recognized by civilizations, as seen by the numerous religious buildings and urban landscapes that are intended to trigger emotions and improve well-being. Human emotions and experiences within a building can be influenced by a variety of architectural features, including: the impact of the organization of space on human emotions, the influence of lighting on how people feel, the way that material choices affect feelings and senses.

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In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, few innovations have sparked as much controversy and debate as facial recognition technology. Facial recognition is operated by artificial intelligence algorithms, and it analyzes and matches specific facial features to vast databases, enabling a range of applications across various sectors. Facial recognition's widespread use has ignited discussions on its ethical, legal, and social ramifications, prompting activists and tech experts to weigh its benefits against its risks. Many question its accuracy, bias, and potential for being abused. While advocates champion its efficiency and future adaptability, critics raise concerns about its implications for privacy.

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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder that results in weakness of the skeletal muscles and neurons in the spinal cord. This condition can significantly impact an individual's ability to eat, move, and breathe. A small minority of individuals affected by the condition inherit a deletion from a parent's egg or sperm. There are several types of SMA including types 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The severity of muscle weakness and age of onset differ among types, with only type 4 occurring rarely in early adulthood. SMA is a genetic disease caused by the SMN1 gene, with many types and the treatments for SMA include medical treatments such as Zolgensma and Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), and physical therapy.