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Intro:
-Oil as import
-Oil consumption in the daily life

Body:
-Importance of oil in the industry
-Alternative resources such as solar/wind energy

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Introduction:
The products that are created from the source of petroleum.
List the products

Paragraph 1
Alternative resources
Solar, Wind, Bio fuel
Downside - burning of forests for bio fuel

Paragraph 2
Purchase local resources and products such as food and water
Buy natural products that are local such as cosmetics
support start up brands

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In the status quo:
- Petroleum based resource consumption has been growing steadily on a yearly basis since the 1990s
- Mainly imported
-But in fact HK is not heavily dependent on oil for energy production because it also uses other sources of energy such as natural gas, coal, and nuclear power (23% of HK's energy demands)

Strategy 1: Decision to reduce fossil fuel reliance for HK
- Branching out to nuclear power more
Evaluation:
Before 2011, the government proposed to double the contribution of nuclear power to Hong Kong’s electricity supply. That plan was abandoned after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in Japan in 2011. China is building more nuclear power plants, but most of that electricity will go to other mainland cities. It seems that building our own nuclear power plant is politically impossible.

Other points:
Are consumers prepared to pay more for renewables?  Will the public support the changes in the landscape of our countryside? One speaker cautioned the audience about the practical difficulties involved in installing and operating large numbers of small PV systems – many locations are often shaded for part of the day, and what may appear to be empty roof space is frequently reserved for other purposes. The intermittent nature of sunshine also makes it harder, though not impossible, to integrate solar power into the power grid.

Strategy 2: Companies taking aciton
CleanOil Investment opens its first re-refining plant in Zhuhai’s Gaolan petrochemicals zone.

The company’s patented closed-loop technology will be able to reap a 90 per cent recovery rate from the feedstock, which is about a third higher than the industry standard. It will do so virtually free of any waste emissions.

A four-stage process extracts a large amounts of impurities from the feedstock by filtering and vacuum flashing before the residual substances or spent additives left behind are extracted. The final product is a stable “group II” base, free of hazardous chemicals and gases, which can be re-refined indefinitely.

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Intro:
- Use of petroleum-based resources in industry, energy, and personal goods e.g. liquefied petroleum gas (supplied by oil companies) is one of two main fuel gases available for domestic, commercial, and industrial use
- Hong Kong imports all its oil
- Specifically for energy production, oil made up 10% of HK's installed energy generating capacity in 2006
- Currently less than 1% of energy produced by renewable resources

Body (strategies + effectiveness)
- HK's 2005 First Sustainable Development Strategy set targets to have 1–2% of Hong Kong's energy by 2012

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Introduction:
- HK imports oil
- Factory, car, manufacturing usage has lead to increase in wastage of resources.

Strategies for reducing consumption: Personal
1. Carpool, cycle or use public transport to go to work.

2. Choose, when possible, products packaged without plastic and recycle or re-use containers.

3. Buy organic fruits and vegetables fertilisers and pesticides are based on oil more often than not).

4. Buy beauty products (shampoo, soap, make-up) based on natural ingredients, not oil.

5. Choose when possible locally produced, seasonal products (less transport involved).

6. Buy clothes made out of organic cotton or hemp

7. Use non-disposable items in picnics and summer festivals.

9. Fly less

10. Demand that your government encourage renewable energy instead of subsidising oil

Strategies for reducing consumption: National
- Hong Kong government has introduced new regulations to cap the sulphur content of locally-supplied marine light diesel at 0.05 per cent in 2014 and mandate ocean-going vessels to switch to low sulphur fuel (with sulphur content not exceeding 0.5%) while at berth in 2015.
- In December 2015, the Ministry of Transport of the Mainland issued an Action Plan to establish three domestic emission control areas (DECA) including waters in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), the Yangtze River Delta, and the Bohai Rim (Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei).

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Intro
Keywords:
-consumption of petrolium
(specific amount, where)
-Petrolium based resources
(what kind; gasoline, paints, plastics, fertilizers, pesticides, electricity)
-Reason for reducing;
--> health: pesticides in food, nitrates in ground water from petroleum-based fertilizers, infertility, immune system damage, impaired childhood development, hormone disruption, cancer
--> plastic: extreme pollution from production, toxic chemical exposure during use
--> environment: oil spills that destroy natural habitats, global climate change from burning petroleum, oil drilling
--> political: manipulation of world markets by governments and large corporations, waging of war in order to control the worlds shrinking oil reserves

Body 1-Solar energy

Body 2-alternatives
-glass, ceramic, metal, and cloth containers instead of plastic
-bee wax/soy based wax
-bio-diesel; vegetable oil and can be burned in diesel cars and in home oil burners
-plastics can be made from substances other than oil - like corn or the hemp plant

Conclusion

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Intro
- Oil as import
- Car usages

Key points
- Use alternate energy sources (solar/wind) however that may need to be imported
- Reduce the use of cars (possibly through taxation)
- Reduce use of plastic bags

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Oil in Hong Kong

Mainly imported

Uses other fuel sources eg. coal

Strategies for reducing consumption

1. Limit industry resource consumption (eg. power caps on power stations)

2. Reduce car usage - car ownership taxes, e-tolls on roads

3. Reduce plastic usage - plastic bag charges, bottles, etc.

For each of the above, describe and evaluate

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Intro
Some different ways of reducing consumption -e.g -

carpool, buy locally produced products, fly less.
recycle, reduce, reuse
"A First Sustainable Development Strategy for Hong Kong" published in May 2005

- Hong kong imports all it's fuel

- Hong Kong's total electricity needs from renewable sources by 2012, subject to regular review to take account of technological advances and emerging sustainability considerations.

- The Government has established guidelines and procedures on the adoption of energy efficient features and renewable energy technologies in government projects

- Hong Kong to achieve energy
intensity reduction by 40 %
by 2025 using 2005 as the
base

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Intro:
Introduce the different strategies for reducing consumption.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the strategies and use examples to base the evaluation with evidence.