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They call you Boong, they call you Abo, they call you Coon. They see your skin and think it’s dirty.

When you smile they say ‘they’re a happy one’. They see you work hard and say ‘they must be one of the good ones’.

They congratulate you not for what you have done, but just that you were able to do it… ‘they have potential’. When you argue with your intellect, they are surprised by your intelligence… ‘they’re smart for one of them’.

They don’t see your culture, they don’t see your pride, they don’t see that you are a person in your own right. Yes, you are a good black man. But you are also a good man.

They say you are smart for a black woman. This discounts your intelligence; you are a smart woman. We call you strong, we call you proud, we call you black.

We see your skin as a coat of armour, protecting your spirit and your Dreaming.

You smile because your spirit is strong. You smile because they cannot harm you with their hurtful words.

You work hard, not for their accolades, but for your own and you work for your family. This, they do not understand… but they have potential.

Intellectually you are beyond their par, for you know their world and your own. They only know their way… but they are smart for one of them.

Every day you carry your culture, every day you carry your humanity, every day you carry with you your Dreaming. This makes you a strong black person.

Yes, you are a good man. And I feel strong that you never lose sight of the fact you are a good black man.

You are a smart woman. And I am proud to say you are an intelligent and inspirational black woman.

They call you names. All but your own.

I will call to them, and say ‘these may be your words’ but he is my brother, she is my sister, and today your hurtful words mean nothing. https://www.creativespirits.info

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"Black people can't always react or respond the way we want to. When I am followed in a department store, pulled over for no reason, or stared at while picking up dinner at the fancy grocery store, I can't stop what I'm doing and yell, "YES, I AM BLACK. NO, I AM NOT A CRIMINAL YOU SMALL-MINDED, BIASED ASSHOLES." Trust me, I want to. But especially when police are involved, I have to be calm, respectful, and obedient".

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"The racist stereotyping is alive and well in Australian culture. Never mind that these stereotypes can be shown for the lies that they are, racists never let truth or facts hold them back. I'm Aboriginal and I am aware of the crap every freakin' day!"

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FACT - The current issues Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people face are due to the multiple effects of past traumas resulting from colonisation.......

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FACT - The current issues Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people face are due to the multiple effects of past traumas resulting from colonisation.......

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"Since colonisation, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have had many wrongs and abuses committed against them. For generations Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were removed from their families, denied citizenship rights in their own country, banned from travelling freely, punished for speaking their languages and denied access to education and health care. These events didn’t happen that long ago and the multiple effects of these traumas continue to play out in the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people today."

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Did you know, according to the Australian Reconciliation Barometer, six out of 10 Australians have had little to no contact with First Australians? First Contact, explores this issue by taking six outspoken Australians and immersing them in Aboriginal Australia for the first time. Tune in to SBS and NITV tonight and Thursday night at 8.30 pm to join Ray Martin and the participants as they continue their journey. The First Contact website has a range of video clips and resources you can use to take this national conversation about our First Australians from the television to your workplace, school or sporting field. Join other Australians on social media using the hashtag #FirstContactSBS.

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"In Australia in 1916, the National Geographic published a full-issue article in which Aboriginal Australians were called “savages” who “rank lowest in intelligence of all human beings.”

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Early Australian colonists were heavily influenced by 19th century attitudes that regarded Indigenous people as inferior and newspapers and journals of the time reflected this.  This attitude was still apparent in the media in the 20th century.

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"IMMIGRANTS COME TO AUSTRALIA AND BLUDGE OFF WELFARE"

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"IMMIGRANTS COME TO AUSTRALIA AND BLUDGE OFF WELFARE"

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Stereotypes can take many forms and shapes. Some of the more common ones say that Aboriginal people…

are primitive and nomadic,

lack complex laws and social organisation,

are drunks,

are violent,

live in the outback,

are un-educated no hopers,

are involved in too much crime,

receive too much from welfare,

get more than the whites,

eat the wrong foods (white sugar, flour, McDonalds, etc.),

don’t have a religion, have sinned and need to pray for forgiveness,

don’t use the land they get for free,

get treated too leniently by police and courts,

do not want to work and are lazy,

must fit the image of a dark-skinned, wide-nosed person (i.e. a ‘full-blood’),

live a traditional tribal/ancient lifestyle,

are not really attached to their land because they live on the fringe of towns and cities,

are problems (‘the Aboriginal problem’) and Aboriginal people have problems.

https://www.creativespirits.info

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SOME COMMON STEREOTYPES STILL UPHELD IN SOCIETY AND SOME FACTS THAT CHALLENGE THEM.....

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SOME COMMON STEREOTYPES STILL UPHELD IN SOCIETY AND SOME FACTS THAT CHALLENGE THEM.....

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"Alternative media like blogs, posts and social media sites are able to challenge negative representations".  Anti-racism and anti-discrimination campaigns are also becoming more apparent, through government campaigns, along with mental health agencies who recognise the psychological impact of racial discrimination.  SBS Documentaries, such as "First Contact" and "Go back to where you came from", aim to portray the experiences of marginalised communities.  Negative feedback, however, demonstrates that these documentaries can actually be offensive, such as "First Contact" being described by an aboriginal person as "poverty porn using the trauma of our people as entertainment for white people."

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THE UNWELCOME REVIVAL OF RACE SCIENCE: Race science is still as bogus as ever.                    Gavin Evans, March 2018.

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THE UNWELCOME REVIVAL OF RACE SCIENCE: Race science is still as bogus as ever.                    Gavin Evans, March 2018.

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"One of the strangest ironies of our time is that a body of thoroughly debunked “science” is being revived by people who claim to be defending truth against a rising tide of ignorance. The idea that certain races are inherently more intelligent than others is being trumpeted by a small group of anthropologists, IQ researchers, psychologists and pundits who portray themselves as noble dissidents, standing up for inconvenient facts. Through a surprising mix of fringe and mainstream media sources, these ideas are reaching a new audience, which regards them as proof of the superiority of certain races.  The claim that there is a link between race and intelligence is the main tenet of what is known as “race science” or, in many cases, “scientific racism”. Race scientists claim there are evolutionary bases for disparities in social outcomes – such as life expectancy, educational attainment, wealth, and incarceration rates – between racial groups. In particular, many of them argue that black people fare worse than white people because they tend to be less naturally intelligent."

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"In 1977, during my final year in state high school in apartheid South Africa, a sociology lecturer from the local university addressed us and then took questions. He was asked whether black people were as intelligent as white people. No, he said: IQ tests show that white people are more intelligent. He was referring to a paper published in 1969 by Arthur Jensen, an American psychologist who claimed that IQ was 80% a product of our genes rather than our environments, and that the differences between black and white IQs were largely rooted in genetics."

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'Fact Check" analyses the facts behind statements like these made by politicians in the media.  This example shows that figures of unemployment actually relate to the fact that the high unemployment rates are due to a large number of Muslim women not working - thought to be associated with traditional gender roles or difficulties obtaining work.

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Beyond Blue is a mental health organisation that has developed a campaign to support people who are suffering from the negative psychological impact of racial discrimination.

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DISCRIMINATION STOPS WITH YOU
Subtle or 'casual' racism can be just as harmful as more obvious forms. Imagine not getting a job because of the way you look. How would you feel if you were watched in a shop or someone didn’t want to sit next to you on the bus?
Beyond Blue's Invisible Discriminator campaign highlights the impact of racism on the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.  This campaign encourages everyone in Australia to do something about his or her behaviour. You can change this today.
Why the campaign?
Research has shown that when Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience racism it impacts their mental health, putting them at greater risk of developing depression and anxiety, substance use and attempted suicide.  Just over one third of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 years and over felt that they had been treated unfairly at least once in the previous 12 months, because they were of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin, while detailed local-area research has found that up to four out of five Indigenous people regularly experience racism.

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Positive stereotypes are hurtful, too

BY HAILEY YOOK, March 2010, 2014

For the love of everything that’s good and pure, can someone please explain to me what the phrase “You’re so Asian” means? And while you’re at it, let me know what criteria, scale and measurements one might use for determining my degree of “Asian-ness.” Maybe there’s a panel of judges involved? I’ve heard the stereotypes one too many times to accept them as an integral part of my character and identity anymore.......One particularly harmful positive stereotype of Asians is that they are all smart.
First off, it’s important to recognize that this idea that every Asian person is smart is like any other stereotype — obviously false and easily ignorable. It’s true that 42 percent of all Asian American adults have at least a college degree, which is the highest out of all major ethnic groups, but because of factors like stereotypes, sometimes it slips our minds that not every Asian person is the same. And due to the way that many people — of any racial background, including Asian – usually regard this “Asians-are-smart” stereotype as more acceptable than others, its implications change. According to this stereotype, intelligence is the result of having Asian genes. The stereotype that “Asians are smart” then becomes “Asians are smart only because they are Asian.” Therefore, no matter how much effort, studying or practice an Asian person puts in, when he or she achieves academic excellence, it’s likely that the common reaction will be along the lines of “Asians are so smart” or, you guessed it, “You’re so Asian.” It’s difficult not to see that this person’s achievement and intelligence are being attributed to one thing and one thing only — race.

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Radio 4 documentary, Single Black Female                                   "Even though it has long been the norm for people to date outside of their culture in Britain, it is still disrespected by some traditionalists within the black community. Meghan and Harry may go some way to changing this.  In fact, I believe their marriage will be the best thing that will ever happen to the Royal Family. The positives go beyond race and how we perceive interracial relationships; their union will help people to understand what it is like to be from a different background. So let's embrace Meghan and Harry’s big day. Their relationship is special and unique to them, as well as to our society at large."

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"Meghan Markle to break boundaries as first mixed-race royal"

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"Meghan Markle to break boundaries as first mixed-race royal"

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The marriage of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, the first mixed-race marriage in the royal family, caused many conversations.  The "inter-racial relationship" became a hot topic in the media.  The wedding created more discussion. especially when the traditional "white" aristocracy witnessed the speech of a very charismatic Black American preacher.  There were very obvious signs that some royals and guests were very uncomfortable with the speech - which was highly praised by many, and highly criticised by others.

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This excerpt explains why black people are over represented in professional sports - and it's not biological - it comes down to social inequality and white dominance.

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"In general, blacks are over represented in professional sports. Many white Americans will, again, imagine that this has something to do with black genes, black athleticism, black African musculature. But this an illusion that only justifies white dominance in, say, the tech sector. Whites have the genes for that kind of thing: coding, programming, electrical engineering, and what have you. In this view, black dominance in brawn is naturally balanced by white dominance in brains. But anyone who has taught in a US high-school system knows that this balance is strictly imposed on black males. Intellectuality is not just discouraged but not even recognized. When you reinforce this attitude by underfunding education, the remaining opportunities for black success are not found in the classroom but in the gym.

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Sports Sociologist, Ben Carrington, discusses lingering racial stereotypes about black people and sport

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Sports Sociologist, Ben Carrington, discusses lingering racial stereotypes about black people and sport

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"Black athletes are commonly seen as physically gifted and intellectually stunted".
You see this in the way that many people believe that black athletes are ‘naturally’ gifted for sports, implying that their success comes from within, that it is rooted in their biology. This goes hand-in-hand with the idea that there is a split between the physical and the intellectual. Just as we might admire an animal’s spectacular physicality, we don’t therefore assume that animals have our cognitive capabilities. So the praising of black athleticism often serves to reinforce notions of black intellectual inferiority.
"How do you believe these stereotypes are perpetuated in the sports media?"
White sports commentators and journalists used to be very explicit in comparing black athletes to monkeys and gorillas and cheetahs. Today they are more circumspect and instead tend to over-emphasize black players physical attributes – power, speed, strength and so on – and conversely tend to highlight the ‘intelligence’ and ability to ‘read the game’ of white athletes, who supposedly lack the ‘natural advantage’ of their black peers but can make up for it by their better play-making abilities. You often see this in how white basketball and football players are described, especially quarterbacks.

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THE CLAIM
Independent Senator Fraser Anning has frequently used Twitter to campaign against those migrants and asylum seekers he claims come to Australia "for a life of permanent handouts".

Senator Anning, who represented Pauline Hanson's One Nation party until January 2018, has also praised Turnbull Government plans to tighten eligibility for welfare payments for recently-arrived migrants.  Senator Anning has told Parliament: "Free welfare and public housing attracts the very worst type of migrants: transnational parasites who travel not in search of opportunity, but in search of a free ride at everyone else's expense.  In keeping with his campaign against "so-called refugees who just want to jump on the welfare gravy train", Senator Anning tweeted on May 11: "It's no coincidence 56 per cent of Australia's working-age Muslims are not in the labour force."

THE VERDICT

Senator Anning is wrong.
Fact Check analysed data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), which economics professor John Quiggin, of the University of Queensland, then verified.  The analysis showed 43 per cent of working-age Muslims were not in the labour force — significantly less than the figure of 56 per cent cited by Senator Anning.  It also revealed that the high Muslim non-participation rate — which compares to a national working-age non-participation rate of 24 per cent — is almost entirely due to the large number of Muslim women who are not working.

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The Australian Human Rights Commission began the 'Racism stops with me' campaign in 2017.

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"TELL US ABOUT A TIME YOU JUDGED             SOMEONE BASED ON A STEREOTYPE"

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"TELL US ABOUT A TIME YOU JUDGED             SOMEONE BASED ON A STEREOTYPE"

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These types of blogs offer hope and spread the lessons people have learnt about incorrectly discriminating against someone of a different race.

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C.M., 48
"My brain went "black kid in phone booth = drugs"
"Sometime in the late ’90s, I was living in New York and walking through the Times Square area to meet my family for dinner when I saw a 10- or 11-year-old African-American boy in a phone booth.  He wasn’t quite tall enough to reach the phone. As I walked by, I noticed he was crying. Phone booths at the time were often used for drug transactions so my brain went “black kid in phone booth = drugs,” and I kept walking.  But when I got to the end of the block, my brain suddenly kicked in with “crying child alone,” and I turned around and went back to the phone booth and asked him as gently as I could if he was okay.  He burst into hysterical tears and poured out a tale of woe. He had come into Manhattan from the Bronx with an older cousin and a group of friends and gotten separated. He was lost and was trying to call his mother, but he couldn’t reach the phone.I got him calmed down and flagged down a police officer in a car. How could I EVER have walked by a crying child by himself? I feel terribly ashamed of that to this day".

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                     2018 - "RACE SCIENCE" OR "SCIENTIFIC RACISM" IS STILL AROUND 

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                     2018 - "RACE SCIENCE" OR "SCIENTIFIC RACISM" IS STILL AROUND 

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RACIAL HIERARCHY CONTINUED from the 1800s into the 1900s

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RACIAL HIERARCHY CONTINUED from the 1800s into the 1900s

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While researching content for this padlet, I was very confronted by images and accounts of how, since colonialism, white people have so shamefully treated people of a different skin colour and given rise to the system of racialisation.  For this reason, I did not want to include extremely offensive content or images.  There is still a vast amount of racism apparent in society, as demonstrated though the ongoing stereotypes attached to different races of people, and various media, such as reports stating “scientific facts” that support the continuation of racial hierarchy.  On the other hand, as discussed by DeMello (2013), there is evidence that social scientists today are viewing race as a social construct, where races are seen as artificial categories of people that are distinguished from each other on the basis of arbitrary criteria.  There is obviously a long way to go, but hope is offered through those people and organisations that recognise and challenge the discrimination that keeps racial hierarchy alive.

Reference:
DeMello, Margo. (2013). Body Studies : An Introduction. Routledge, London.

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THE MISSING PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF RACIALISED BODIES 

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THE MISSING PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF RACIALISED BODIES 

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These examples demonstrate the missing stories of those who are subjected to racialization, and help to humanise the issue.

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This comment on a blog about being a black person in a white person's world.  The writer grew up in a white environment and had mainly white friends.  He writes to encourage any white people with black friends to stand up and defend them when they witness unfair treatment as "it is not the place of the black person to do this - they are frowned upon for defending themselves", but a white person is deemed entitled to.

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"ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ARE"... cruel stereotypes that aboriginal people face 

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"ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ARE"... cruel stereotypes that aboriginal people face 

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WHEN DID BODIES BECOME AN OBJECT OF RACIAL HIERARCHY?

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WHEN DID BODIES BECOME AN OBJECT OF RACIAL HIERARCHY?

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It began as visual media long before television, radio, magazines, the internet and social media.  Many 'scientific' discoveries regarding racial hierarchy were spread through newspapers and journals from the late 1700s.

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It began as visual media long before television, radio, magazines, the internet and social media.  Many 'scientific' discoveries regarding racial hierarchy were spread through newspapers and journals from the late 1700s.

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"Race and ethnicity are physical attributes of people, but also ways of seeing and understanding the world. Media plays an influential role in shaping how we think about and enact race in our everyday lives. In the United States and other Western contexts, whites and whiteness have historically been associated with superiority and privilege; people of color have historically been associated with inferiority and framed as less than or “Other.” While we have made some progress in dealing with racial discrimination, inequality and injustice still remain, and the media is a key site where these ideas persist." http://criticalmediaproject.org/category/race/

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"Published at the height of polygenism's popularity, Josiah Nott and George Gliddon's 800-page illustrated volume, Types of Mankind, reproduced the work of Louis Agassiz and Samuel Morton, spreading racist views to a popular audience. The work sold well and nine editions were printed. Some slave owners found justification for slavery in the Bible, and others used this new "science" to defend it."  http://www.understandingrace.org

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"Published at the height of polygenism's popularity, Josiah Nott and George Gliddon's 800-page illustrated volume, Types of Mankind, reproduced the work of Louis Agassiz and Samuel Morton, spreading racist views to a popular audience. The work sold well and nine editions were printed. Some slave owners found justification for slavery in the Bible, and others used this new "science" to defend it."  http://www.understandingrace.org

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1770s-1850s: One Race or Several Species Morton Race Table
A table from Types of Mankind, by Josiah Clark Nott and George Robert Gliddon, 1854. Courtesy Michael Blakey