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Use a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.

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Analyze geoscience data and the results from global climate models to make an evidence-based forecast of the current rate of global or regional climate change and associated future impacts to Earth systems.

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Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.

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Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.*

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Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.

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Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.

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Use a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth’s systems result in changes in climate.

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Apply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth’s formation and early history.

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Evaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.

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Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation

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Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.

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Conservation of Mass
Types of reactions
Stoichiometry

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Phase changes
Gas Laws
Weather

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Unit 2: Bonding and Intermolecular Forces

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Unit 2: Bonding and Intermolecular Forces

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Atomic structure
Periodic Trends
Conservation of mass
Nuclear chemistry

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Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

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Create a computational model to calculate the change in energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and our of the system are known.

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Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

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Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

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Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.

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Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

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Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends on the changes in total bond energy.

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Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

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Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

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Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.