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Han dynasty was founded in 206 b.c. Government struggles, and unfair society caused it to fall in 220 a.d. Kingdoms invaded nomads from the north crossing the Mongolian plateau and into northern china.

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The Chinese counted on Confucianism to give them comfort and guidance. Confucianism was a belief system that was based off of a scholar named Confucius. Confucius believed that people could be advanced in life with education. When Confucianism lost influence on the Chinese, they turned to Buddhism. Buddhism taught people that suffering was a part of life. Confucianism started to come back in the 600’s, and changes began to take place.

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After more than 350 years of problems the sui dynasty reunified china. An army general named yang Jian was the founder of the sui dynasty. Later he was known as Wendi. Wendi advanced old traditions, he also advanced people to have their own beliefs. Wendi rebuilt parts of the Great Wall. Sui dynasty only lasted a short time. Tang Dynasty lasted 300 years. Tang government was most advanced of their time.

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In order for them to rule the country successfully, the Tang rulers developed a country related to an empire. The Tang used ideas from the Sui dynasty. The Tang government was like a pyramid from the lowest level "peasants" to the highest level "wealthy".Tang rulers used the same laws as China, so they can be used everywhere. In order for the people to get a job in bureaucracy they had to take an exam that was given by the government. In order for someone to take the exam, they had to be educated. When the Tang Dynasty ended, the Song Dynasty started and they changed the exam system. The Song Dynasty mad more schools, and the exam only covered the main subjects

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The mongols were mighty warriors that lived in the plains of Northwest China. The mongols lived in family groups. , which were separated. A ruler named Genghis Khan made these groups unite (or come together). Genghis Khan then made a really powerful army, which he used to conquer Northern China, and move westward across central Asia

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After Genghis Khan's death, his son Ogadai Khan took power. He conquered the rest of Northern China. Ogadai expanded the rule of the Mongols all the way to Persia and Russia. The Mongol empire was divided into four large sections called khanates. A descendent of Genghis Khan ruled each section. Genghis's grandson(Kublai Khan) took power in the chinese part of the empire. Kublai's military defeated the Song empire.

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Kublai khan was the only ruler after 300 years to take over all of China. He ruled for 15 years and he died in 1294. Kublai kept many aspects of Chinese government since he had no experience with government. He made his capital as Beijing and he declared himself as the emperor. He also founded a new dynasty called the Yuan dynasty.

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Mongols encouraged trade by making trade routes safer. This was because of war. Caravans of traders moved along the silk road. They traded silks, porcelain, tea, and other goods. They brought back foods. plants, and minerals. The Mongols also encouraged sea trading with ships.

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Japanesse two most exspressed themes were drama and literature. They appear in forms of art. japanese wrote with brushes like the Chinese. Calligraphy is a type of art that is expressed like natural beauty. These were made in different sizes and shapes. Flower arranging was a another tradition which was simple. this was to try to higlight nature. gardens also tried to arrange their flowers in this tradition. Flower arranging and gardening still exist today in Japan.

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Trade made the Mongols gain contact with different people, and different cultures. Persians,Europeans, and Indians visited Mongol China. This helped tell the rest of the world about Mongol China. The most famous visitor was Marco Polo. He traveled to the silk road, and stayed for 17 years. Marco Polo became Kublai Khan's assistant and published a book.

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The Japanese remained in power after Prince Shotoku's death in 622. In the 800's the nobles of Fujiwara clan, became the rulers of Japan. In the 1100's the governmental power of the fujiwara declined. A man named Daimyo hired samurai warriors to protect and attack other Daimyo. He fought to try to gain more power and land.

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Although Kublai Khan kept some features of Chinese government, he did not let the Chinese politicians gain too much power. The reason he did this was because he wanted to keep control of China. Kublai gave the important jobs to Mongols since they were trusted, and gave the Chinese only minor jobs. Confucianism influenced the Mongols. Cabal told the Confucianism teachers to teach the Mongol sons

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Three military leaders helped unify Japan and ended the fight between daimyo. In the mid 1500's Daimyo named a new ruler which reunited Japan. His soldiers were fist to use guns in battle. He won control of nearly half of Japan before his death in 1582. Shortly after his best general Toyotomi Hideyoshi took rule. He controlled all of Japan when he died n 1598. In 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu was named shogun. He held power till until 1868 in Japan. he grew ties with Europe which brought traders to Japan.

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While Nobles fought, emporors remained in office. New military leader Shogun had taken power. Shoguns interest were first and he ruled on the emperors behalf. Minamoto Yoritomo was the first shogun in 1192. He ruled the country and not just the army. he ruled for more than 700 years. Samurai were fearsome and lived by a unwrriten code.