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Why is it important to get the vaccine if you're pregnant?

While more than half of pregnant women who test positive for Covid-19 have no symptoms, some pregnant women can get life-threatening illness from Covid-19. This is especially the case if they already have underlying health conditions.

You're at increased risk of becoming very unwell with Covid-19 in the later stages of pregnancy, and 1 in 10 pregnant women admitted to hospital with symptoms of Covid-19 need intensive care.

What's more, if you're pregnant and get Covid-19, it's twice as likely your baby will be born early. You're also more likely to develop pre-eclampsia, and more likely to need an emergency caesarean. Your risk of stillbirth is also twice as high, although this number still remains low.

No pregnant women who have received both doses of the vaccine have been admitted to hospital since the vaccination programme began (RCOG, 2021).

Who can have the vaccine?

All pregnant women over the age of 18 can have the vaccination. JCVI (2021)

You can find further information on this This Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) info sheet which is there to help you make a personal decision. You can also discuss the benefits and risks of vaccination in pregnancy with a health clinician on an individual basis.

Further information can be found on the RCOG website here and here, or scan this QR code for the RCOG info sheet.

What is the evidence of safety?

Although clinical trials involving pregnant women in the UK are still underway, around 130,000 women in the US have been vaccinated with mRNA vaccines (these include the Pfizer BioNTech and Moderna vaccines). 51,000 pregnant women have received a Covid-19 vaccination in England, and 4,000 in Scotland as of July 2021 . There haven't been any safety concerns reported following these vaccinations RCOG (2021).

Can I get vaccinated at any time during pregnancy?

The vaccination should work and is considered safe at whatever stage of pregnancy you are in.

Some pregnant women have said they'd rather wait until after 12 weeks. However, as Covid-19 can be more serious in later pregnancy, it would then be important to have the vaccination soon after and before the third trimester. RCOG (2021)

How do I arrange to have the vaccination?

If you are pregnant and over 18, you can log onto the NHS website and book a vaccination.

On the national booking page, there is an option to say that you are pregnant. This will mean you are offered an appointment at a centre with the type of vaccinations recommended for pregnancy. You can then discuss the risks and benefits of vaccination with your doctor or nurse. GOV.UK (2021)

Will having the vaccine give me Covid-19?

The Covid-19 vaccines we use in the UK are not 'live' and so do not cause a Covid-19 infection in you or your baby. What's more, studies of the vaccine on pregnant animals haven't shown any signs that the vaccine harms the pregnancy or fertility. RCOG (2021)

Which vaccine will I have?

Because mRNA jabs, such as the Pfizer BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, have been used for 130,000 pregnant women in the US without safety concerns, the JCVI is recommending that these vaccines should preferably be offered to pregnant women.

This is rather than the AstraZeneca vaccine, which hasn't been given in the US. Although there is no evidence to suggest it is unsafe to give to pregnant women, the JCVI says more research is needed. GOV.UK (2021)

At the same time, the government had also advised that people under 30 should be offered an alternative vaccine to the AstraZeneca vaccine because of the benefit to risk ration of that group. This is because of the reports that about four (non pregnant) people have experienced serious blood clots for every million doses of this vaccine.

Pregnancy can make you more liable to blood clots, so you should discuss with your healthcare professional whether the benefits of a vaccination outweigh the risks. MHRA (2021)

What if I don't want the vaccine, will I lose my protection as an at-risk person?

You shouldn't be put under any pressure to have the vaccine or not have the vaccine. If you chose not to have the vaccine, you should still continue be given the same protections for at-risk groups, such as being allowed to work in a different place HIFN (2021).

I've read on a forum that I shouldn't have the vaccine - is this true?

You may find the decision on whether or not to get vaccinated an emotional and difficult one to make. But be aware that many messages on online and other forums are based on individual opinion and not on scientific evidence.

Speak to a health professional about the vaccine to get up-to-date and reliable guidance. This RCOG info sheet can also help you make an informed decision.
Page last reviewed: 29 July 2021

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Can I get the Covid-19 vaccine if I'm pregnant?

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The Royal College of Gynaecologists & Obstetricians (RCOG) and the Royal College of Midwives (RCM) recommend Covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy. Vaccination is the best way to protect against the known risks of Covid-19 in pregnancy for both mother and baby. Find out more below.

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Bonding with your baby becoming a parent

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Being Pregnant... Preparing to give birth

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The evidence is unequivocal that the first 1,001 days of a child's life, from conception to age two, lay the foundations for a happy and healthy life. Over 200,000 babies were born when lockdown was at its most restrictive, between 23 rd March and 4 th July. The Parent-Infant Foundation, together with Best Beginnings and Home-Start UK, conducted a survey of families' experiences of lockdown during their babies' first 1001 days, the findings of which suggest that the impact of lockdown on some of these babies could be severe and may be long-lasting.

The report describes the findings of an online survey of 5,474 expectant mothers, new parents and parents of toddlers, undertaken during the pandemic. It shows that:

Almost 7 in 10 found their ability to cope with their pregnancy or baby had been impacted as a result of COVID-19

Nearly 7 in 10 felt the changes brought about by COVID-19 were affecting their unborn baby, baby or young child (with an increase in crying, tantrums and becoming more clingy). This was felt most sharply amongst parents under 25 years old and those on the lowest incomes

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Babies in Lockdown - Parent-Infant Foundation

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Babies in Lockdown report: listening to parents to build back better Executive Summary Full Report This report captures the lockdown experiences of over 5000 families who responded to our online survey. The findings highlight the lack of support for families and the inequalities of babies' early experiences. The evidence is...

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Am I able to be with my baby on the neonatal unit?

Many neonatal units are limiting who can be on the unit.

The current guidance says that neonatal units should support mothers and partners to be as involved in their baby's care as possible during this time, and that both parents should have access to their baby and be involved in their baby's care. This is because research shows that parents being involved in their baby's care on the neonatal unit can have long term benefits for babies, as well as the family as a whole. For infection control, you may have to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) when you visit your baby, and comply with social distancing measures on the unit.

However, some units may have additional restrictions affecting how parents are able to be on the unit. Check the information about your neonatal unit online if you are unsure what to do. You can call your neonatal unit if their website doesn't have the information.

If you have the symptoms of COVID-19, you should self-isolate for 7 days following these guidelines. If you are self-isolating, you should not access the neonatal unit until a negative test has been confirmed or you have stopped showing any symptoms. You can ask for a COVID-19 test online here, but please be aware that there is currently a high demand for tests and it is not guaranteed you will get one.

If you have had a positive test for COVID-19, you will not be able to access your baby on the neonatal unit until at least 7 days after the onset of the illness and only once you have stopped showing any symptoms.

If you live with someone who has symptoms of COVID-19, you should self-isolate for 14 days following the same guidelines.

We are encouraging neonatal units to continue to ensure that parents have maximum opportunity to be with their baby and to be heavily involved in their baby's care. We have a position statement about parental access and involvement on neonatal units at this time, which you can find here.

Are my family and other children allowed to visit my baby?

Neonatal units are currently being advised not to allow other children, including your baby's brothers and sisters, or other family members to visit.

Will I still be able to have skin-to-skin contact with my baby?

It is recommended to still continue with skin-to-skin contact with your baby if you are well and healthy. This is because research shows that parents being involved in their baby's care on the neonatal unit can have positive effects on them and their baby. It is important that you follow the hospital's procedures around infection control before having skin-to-skin with your baby.

If your baby has tested positive for COVID-19 and is in need of respiratory support, skin-to-skin may not be recommended.

What will happen if my baby needs to be transferred to another neonatal unit?

At present, neonatal transfers to other hospitals are still taking place. However, no parents are currently able to travel with their baby on a transfer to another hospital, unless their baby is receiving palliative care or is not expected to survive.

I am finding the restrictions on the neonatal unit difficult to manage. How can I find help and support?

We know not being able to be with your baby may be very difficult and upsetting. It can also be very difficult to support siblings and wider family members who are unable to visit.

Your neonatal unit may be able to arrange video contact for you. They will still be able to give you updates on how your baby is, and involve you in decisions. Talk to your neonatal unit about how they can support you if you are not able to be with your baby on the unit.

Remember, you're not alone.

Our Bliss Champions are offering 1:1 video chats to offer vital support to parents on the neonatal unit or who have recently been discharged. For more information, visit this page.

You can also email hello@bliss.org.uk for emotional support and find more information about supporting your mental health on our website .

Other useful organisations

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) have published a Q&A for pregnant women and their families.

Twins Trust have published a Q&A about COVID-19 for anyone who is pregnant with, or who has, twins or multiples. They also have some advice about home isolation when you have multiples, and some other useful links and information that you may find useful.

SANDS have produced a guide for parents about COVID-19 and changes that will impact parents and family members who have been affected by the death of a baby.

Mind has lots of information if you are feeling anxious or worried about COVID-19, and has guidance on how to take care of your mental wellbeing.

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Parents who have a baby on the neonatal unit | Bliss

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Am I able to be with my baby on the neonatal unit? Many neonatal units are limiting who can be on the unit. The current guidance says that neonatal units should support mothers and partners to be as involved in their baby's care as possible during this time, and that both parents should have access to their baby and be involved in their baby's care.

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Access the web version of the guidance on the MAGICapp platform
Version 16.0: updated Thursday 15 December 2022. Guidance for healthcare professionals on coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in pregnancy, including guidance on vaccination in pregnancy, published by the RCOG, Royal College of Midwives, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Public Health England and Public Health Scotland. Updates made to this guidance are detailed within the document.

This document is for healthcare professionals.

We have also prepared information for pregnant women and their families, drawn from this guidance.

Further information for healthcare professionals and pregnant women eligible for COVID-19 vaccination is available from our COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy page.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19), infection in pregnancy

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Access the web version of the guidance on the MAGICapp platform Version 16.0: updated Thursday 15 December 2022. Guidance for healthcare professionals on coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in pregnancy, including guidance on vaccination in pregnancy, published by the RCOG, Royal College of Midwives, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Public Health England and Public Health Scotland.

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We know this may still be a worrying time for everyone and that you may have particular concerns if you are pregnant or have a baby. We have put together the following advice on coronavirus (COVID-19) and caring for your baby that is currently available and will keep updating this.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) and caring for your baby

If you have a young baby, continue to follow public health advice:

Continue to breastfeed your baby if you are doing so

It is important that you continue to follow safer sleep advice to lower the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We understand that isolating at home and/or working from home can put additional pressures on families, however it is really important that your baby has a safe space to sleep. The safest place for a baby to sleep is in their own clear, flat, separate sleep space, such as a cot or Moses basket.

If you show symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19) try not to cough or sneeze on your baby. Make sure they are in their own separate sleep space such as a cot or Moses basket in the same room as you for all day and night sleeps

If your baby is unwell with a cold or fever don't be tempted to wrap them up more than usual. Babies need fewer layers to lower their body temperature. Click here for more advice on temperature and here for more information about our Baby Check app. Please note the Baby Check app does not diagnose/test for COVID-19

Always seek medical advice if you are worried about your baby - either linked to coronavirus (COVID-19) or any other health issue click here for more information about our Baby Check app. Please note the Baby Check app does not diagnose/test for COVID-19

If you have questions about safer sleep contact our information line on 0808 802 6869 or email info@lullabytrust.org.uk.

Taking your baby to a clinic during the Covid crisis

During this time you may be worried about taking your baby for their routine appointments at your GP surgery or clinic. You may be anxious about what to expect when you get there, which is understandable. We have worked with some of the people who might help to look after you and your baby to help you understand what it might be like. It is really important that you take your baby to any appointments they have, or to get help if you are worried about their health.

Things will be a bit different and you may find that:

Reception staff and nurses will be wearing PPE; Reception staff wear masks, nurses are in a gown, apron, paper mask and visor. Some staff are drawing animal faces on the masks to make it a bit easier for babies and children to look at

There may be fewer people at the clinic as most are having telephone conversations with doctors. Anyone with Covid symptoms is asked to stay at home, so there are very few people attending clinics at the moment. Babies are a top priority.

You will be asked to wait in the waiting room as usual, however as it is quiet you should be able to stay 2 metres apart from others.

Clinics have a regular cleaning rota, and you might see people cleaning around you

You may have a few appointments combined into one - for example a six week check and first vaccinations.

The staff will get you and your baby checked as quickly as they can so you probably won't have to wait for long. This doesn't mean you won't have a chance to ask questions though, so make sure you write down what you might want to ask or say before you go.

Some tips for you:

It's important to go to your appointment unless you or you baby or someone you live with has symptoms of coronavirus or you are having to self-isolate.

You can book an appointment by calling your GP surgery or speak to your Health Visitor for further advice.

Always seek medical advice if you are worried about your baby - either linked to coronavirus (COVID-19) or any other health issue click here for more information about our Baby Check app. Please note the Baby Check app does not diagnose/test for COVID-19.

Try and take your baby with just one adult, and keep other adults and children at home if you can.

If your baby has not had their 6-8 week check the Institute of Health Visiting have produced some guidance on what you should do

Coronavirus (COVID-19) advice in pregnancy

As soon as you find out you're pregnant speak to a GP or midwife.

They'll support you and give you all the information you need. They'll also make sure you receive safe and personal maternity care.

If you're pregnant, it's important to follow advice about how to avoid catching and spreading COVID-19, such as washing your hands regularly. If you're more than 28 weeks pregnant it's especially important to follow this advice.

According to the (RCOG) Roughly two-thirds of pregnant women with COVID-19 have no symptoms at all, and most pregnant women who do have symptoms only have mild cold or flu-like symptoms. However, a small number of pregnant women can become unwell with COVID-19. Pregnant women who catch COVID-19 are at slightly increased risk of becoming severely unwell compared to non-pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester. Pregnant women have been included in the list of people at moderate risk ( clinically vulnerable) as a precaution.

Although it's very rare for pregnant women to become seriously ill if they get COVID-19, it may be more likely later in pregnancy. If this happens, there's a small chance your baby may be born early or you may be advised to give birth earlier than your due date.

While the chances of having a stillbirth are low, there is some emerging evidence that the risk may be higher if you have COVID-19 at the time of birth.

It may be possible for you to pass coronavirus to your baby before they are born but when this has happened, the babies have got better.

There is also no evidence to suggest that COVID-19 infection in early pregnancy increases the chance of a miscarriage or affects how your baby develops in pregnancy.

Advice from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

Vaccination is recommended in pregnancy. You can get vaccinated against COVID-19 if you're pregnant and aged 18 or over. Receiving two doses of the vaccine is the safest and most effective way of protecting you and your baby from COVID-19 infection (read our Q&As about COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy for more information).

As COVID-19 restrictions ease across the UK, pregnant women who are unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated, may choose to limit the close contact they have with those they do not usually meet with in order to reduce the risk of catching or spreading COVID-19, particularly if they are in the third trimester and when COVID-19 disease levels in the general community are high.

Keep mobile and hydrated to reduce the risk of blood clots in pregnancy.

Stay active with regular exercise, a healthy balanced diet, and folic acid and vitamin D supplementation to help support a healthy pregnancy.

Contact your maternity team if you have concerns about the wellbeing of yourself or your unborn baby.More information on pregnancy and COVID-19 is available on the NHS website.

Appointments and scans

You'll still have regular appointments and scans while you're pregnant. But there may be some changes.

You may find that:

some midwife appointments are online, by phone or by video call.

you may be asked to wear a mask or gown when you're in a hospital or clinic.

you may be asked to show proof of a recent negative COVID-19 test.

some appointments may be cancelled or rescheduled - your appointment will be rescheduled or you'll be able to rebook.

This is to help keep everyone safe and stop the spread of COVID-19.

If you're unsure if you can bring your partner to your appointment, ask your midwife or maternity team.

Important

If you're well, it's really important you go to all your appointments and scans for the health of you and your baby.

Hospitals and clinics are making sure it's safe for you to go.

Other things to consider

When you are visiting family or friends with your baby remember it is still important to continue to follow the government guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus.

If things are feeling overwhelming and you are increasingly anxious it is important to talk about this with your Health Visitor.

If you are feeling anxious now that lockdown has lifted this the NHS has some useful tips https://www.nhs.uk/every-mind-matters/coronavirus/tips-to-cope-with-anxiety-lockdown-lifting/

It is important to try to look after your mental health as well as your physical health - this website has some useful tips. The Institute of Health Visiting has some useful contacts to support your mental health during pregnancy and after having a baby https://ihv.org.uk/families/parenting-through-coronavirus-covid-19/

Check in your local area if local fitness classes have resumed or you may wish to consider online fitness workouts to keep active, postnatal Yoga or Pilates for example. There are lots of mindfulness and mediation websites and apps that might also help.

If you have questions about safer sleep contact our information line on 0808 802 6869 or email info@lullabytrust.org.uk.
We will update this page as more advice is available. Click here for more advice on safer sleep
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and caring for your baby FAQs

Although there is no research evidence on COVID-19 and infants yet, we have put together some advice to try to answer some questions you may have around caring for your baby during this time.

Advice for if you smoke from the Smoking in Pregnancy Challenge Group

How do I self- isolate and keep my baby safe?

By following our safer sleep advice, you are doing all you can to reduce the risk of SIDS. Follow the NHS guidance on self-isolation: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/self-isolation-and-treatment/when-to-self-isolate-and-what-to-do/

Do not leave home for any reason and you must not leave home is you are self-isolating- if you need food or medicine, order it online or by phone, or ask someone to deliver it to your home.

Do not have visitors in your home - including family or friends expect for people providing essential care.

Do any exercise at home - you can use your garden, if you have one.

What do I do if I/my partner show signs of the virus?

If you have any of the main symptoms of coronavirus (COVID 19) get a test as soon as possible. Stay at home until you get the result.

The main symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19) are:
What to do if you have symptoms

a high temperature- this means you feel hot to touch on your chest or back (you do not need to measure your temperature)

a new, continuous cough- this means coughing a lot for more than an hour, or 3 or more coughing episodes in 24 hours (if you usually have a cough, it may be worse than usual)

a loss or change to your sense of smell or taste- this means you've noticed you cannot smell or taste anything, or things smell or taste different to normal.

If you have any of the main symptoms of COVID-19, even if they're mild:

1. Get a PCR test (test that is sent to a lab) to check if you have COVID-19 as soon as possible.

2. Stay at home and self-isolate and do not have visitors until you get your test result - only leave your home to have a test. Check if people you live with need to self-isolate.

Get a PCR test to check if you have COVID-19 on GOV.UK https://www.gov.uk/get-coronavirus-test

How long do I/my partner self-isolate if one or both of has symptoms or tests positive?
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/covid-19/covid-19-symptoms-and-what-to-do/
The self-isolation advice for people with coronavirus (COVID-19) has changed. It is now possible to end self-isolation after 5 full days if you have 2 negative LFD tests taken on consecutive days. The first LFD test should not be taken before the fifth day after your symptoms started (or the day your test was taken if you did not have symptoms). The self-isolation period remains 10 full days for those without negative results from 2 LFD tests taken a day apart.

Help and support whilst you are self-isolating/staying at home

Contact family and friends to ask them to help with medical or shopping supplies

You can also get help from an NHS volunteer, where healthcare teams can refer people for 'Check In and Chat' and volunteer responder can provide a friendly phone call and a listening ear.

Most local councils offer help for those who are unable to go out for supplies. Check the website of your local council for details or call your local councillor.

Contact family and friends online to talk to so you don't feel so alone.

The NHS website has more information on how to look after yourself during covid-19.

Plan ahead: It's a good idea to have a plan if one or more of you become infected; where will you both sleep for example? How will you manage childcare? How will you ensure you are still able to follow safer sleep advice?

Can I still breastfeed if I have coronavirus (COVID-19)?

Yes. There is no evidence showing that the virus can be carried in breastmilk.

If you breastfeed your baby, the following precautions are recommended by Royal College of Gynaecology:

Wash your hands following the recommended guidelines before touching your baby, breast pump or bottles

Try to avoid coughing or sneezing on your baby while breastfeeding. Have a drink of water and box of tissues within reach. Catching coughs and sneezes in tissues helps prevent the spread of infection.

Consider wearing a face mask while breastfeeding, if available

Follow recommendations for pump cleaning after each use

Consider asking someone who is well to feed your expressed breast milk to your baby. It is essential that you closely follow sterilisation guidelines if you are feeding your baby with formula or expressed milk. You must also follow these guidelines for any soothers or teethers that you may give to your baby.

If you have any worries or concerns speak to your Midwife or Health visitor, support is available.

Can I still use a breast pump?

Yes, and the same advice should be followed as above. If you are expressing breast milk in hospital, a dedicated breast pump should be used.

If you are feeding with formula or expressed milk, sterilise the equipment carefully before each use. You should not share bottles or a breast pump with someone else.

UNICEF recommends that if you are too ill to breastfeed you can express milk and give it to the child via a clean cup and/or spoon - all while following the same infection prevention methods as above.

Can I breastfeed if I have had the vaccination?

The JCVI has recommended that the vaccines can be received whilst breastfeeding. This is in line with recommendations from the USA and the World Health Organization.

For further information on breastfeeding and vaccinations see the NHS advice here:

Can I still have skin to skin contact?

Yes. It is recommended to continue with skin-to-skin contact with your baby.

Can I still attend antenatal/postnatal appointments?

Yes, making sure that you access antenatal and postnatal care when you are pregnant and have a new baby is really important to ensure the wellbeing of you and your baby. Many appointments will now be over the phone or online such as through Skype or Zoom.

To attend any appointments in person, you must not be self-isolating because you or your partner has had contact with the COVID-19 virus, it is important that you advise your midwife of any concerns rather than miss an appointment or attend if you think you may be infected.

Should I bedshare with my baby if I am unwell?

If you are unwell we would advise that your baby sleeps in their own separate sleep place, such as a cot or Moses basket in the same room as you. When your body is fighting an infection, you may sleep more deeply and not be as responsive as when you are well. You may also be taking medication that could make you drowsy.

Even if you are well it is important for you to know that there are some circumstances in which co-sleeping with your baby can be very dangerous:

Either you or your partner smokes (even if you do not smoke in the bedroom)

Either you or your partner has drunk alcohol or taken drugs (including medications that may make you drowsy)

You are extremely tired

Your baby was born premature (37 weeks or less)

Your baby was born at a low weight (2.5kg or 5½ lbs or less)

Never sleep on a sofa or armchair with your baby, this can increase the risk of SIDS by 50 times

If my partner is unwell can we bedshare?

We would advise that your partner sleeps somewhere else or you put your baby in their own separate sleep space such as a cot or Moses basket. If either of you switch to the sofa to sleep, don't be tempted to take your baby to sleep with you, sleeping on a sofa with your baby increases the risk of SIDS.

What do I do if I bedshare but I have a slight temperature?

If you have a temperature we would advise you to sleep your baby in a separate sleep space. Your increased body temperature may make your baby overheat. Research shows that babies that get too hot have an increased risk of SIDS.

What do I do if my baby has a temperature?

If your baby is unwell with a cold or fever don't be tempted to wrap them up more than usual. Babies need fewer layers to lower their body temperature. Click here for more advice on temperature and here for more information about our Baby Check app.

Always seek medical advice if you are worried about your baby - either linked to coronavirus (COVID-19) or any other health issue
How do I know if my baby is getting really ill, or if they are just 'a bit' unwell?
This NHS link has advice on looking after a sick child https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/looking-after-sick-child/
The Baby Check app does not diagnose COVID-19
If your baby is unwell the Baby Check app has 19 simple checks that parents can do if their baby is showing signs of illness and will give a score. If the check gives a low score but you are still worried, you should seek advice from a doctor or NHS 111.

I am really worried about my baby as they have scored high on baby check app but is it a risk taking them to a doctor or hospital because of COVID -19?

If your baby is unwell it is important to seek medical attention. If you are unwell or self-isolating you need to make the health professionals aware. Call your doctor or NHS 111.

I am worried about taking my baby for their routine checks and appointments because of COVID-19 should I delay or avoid going?

We know it can be worrying to think about taking your baby to a clinic at the moment, but appointments for you and your baby are really important. See 'Taking your baby to a clinic during the Covid crisis' for key information and tips for you on what to expect and how to prepare for a visit.

We would advise you to keep all medical appointments, and make sure your baby receives medical attention if you have any concerns about their health. The clinic and staff are going to look different but surgeries are very quiet at the moment so it is easy to stay far apart from others. The staff will look after you and your baby as quickly as they can. Be prepared by having just one person go with your baby if you can, and write down any questions or concerns you have in advance.

Advice for if you smoke from the Smoking in Pregnancy Challenge Group

How does smoking during pregnancy impact my baby?

Smoking or being exposed to secondhand smoke during pregnancy significantly increases your risk of miscarriage, stillbirth or having a premature or unwell baby. Quitting smoking is the most effective way to protect your child from the harms of tobacco smoke.

Does smoking increase my risk from coronavirus?

As a precautionary measure, the government has classed pregnant women as a group at risk of severe illness from coronavirus. Evidence suggests smokers who contract coronavirus are more likely to need intensive care than non-smokers. Smoking damages your lungs and weakens your immune system. This makes it more likely that you will have complications if you get sick and take longer to recover.

Can I get help to quit from my midwife?

Yes. Your midwife should: 1. Provide you with information about the risks of smoking and benefits of quitting for you and your baby. 2. Refer you to a specialist stop smoking service. This service can provide you with support and advice via telephone/Skype/Facetime and may be able send you stop smoking medications and vouchers in the post. They should also be able to give you advice about using an e-cigarette to quit smoking.

How can I keep my home smokefree?

You can use nicotine replacement products (e.g. patches or gum) or e-cigarettes to protect yourself and your family from harmful cigarette smoke. Ensure your home is a smoke-free zone and always go outside to smoke. If you are on your own, never leave your baby alone - take them outside in a pram but keep a safe distance between you.

Other useful links

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) and caring for your baby - The Lullaby Trust

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We know this may still be a worrying time for everyone and that you may have particular concerns if you are pregnant or have a baby. We have put together the following advice on coronavirus (COVID-19) and caring for your baby that is currently available and will keep updating this.

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Maternal Mental Health Alliance

Also available in Welsh:

Royal College of Psychiatrists

You might be worried about how COVID-19 and the news around it can affect your pregnancy, your baby or your mental health. This resource is for any woman who is planning a pregnancy, is pregnant or has recently had a baby and is worried about her mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak. It's also for their partners, families and friends.

Perinatal Mental Health Partnership UK

Facebook page hosted by the Perinatal Mental Health Partnership UK, offering information for parents about staying well and managing mental health problems during pregnancy and after having a baby.

PANDAS

Mental health support for pregnant and new parents. PANDAS offer a free helpline 0808 1961 776 and email support Monday-Sunday offering signposting and a listening ear for parents experiencing mental health difficulties during pregnancy or after having a baby.

Centre for Interactive Mental Health Services - Bliss

Bliss is an 8 session interactive online therapy program for depression that you complete on your own. The program is based on psychotherapy treatment called cognitive behavioural therapy or CBT for short. CBT has been shown to be effective treatment for depression. The program is designed to teach you techniques that have been shown to be effective at improving your mood and mental health.

Anxiety UK

Anxiety UK - advice and helpline. Anxiety UK offer support for individuals experiencing anxiety and have a dedicated service for people experiencing increased leveld of anxiety as a result of Coronavirus. The site offers practical advice and online support including access to psychological therapies.

OCD Action

Information, telephone and email support for anyone affected by Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

No Panic

No Panic is a registered charity that helps and supports those living with Panic Attacks, Phobias, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders and other related anxiety disorders.

The helpline 0300 772 9844 operates every day 10am to 10pm

PND and Me

Twitter Chat by @PNDandme every Wednesday 8-9pm and on Facebook. A very popular forum providing peer support for mothers and fathers during pregnancy and after having a baby who are experiencing difficulties with their emotional and mental health.

Action on PostPartum Psychosis

APP provide evidence-based information and support for families who have experience of postpartum psychosis or who feel they or a family member is experiencing symptoms of postpartum psychosis. This guidance offers information about accessing services, support and treatment during the Coronavirus outbreak.

This Mum Moves

We know there is a lot for you to think about during pregnancy and motherhood without having to worry about how active you should be and what's safe for you to do.

This Mum Moves is here to help guide you on your way - with online workouts for pregnant women and new mums.

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**Parenting and the COVID-19 pandemic** - IHV

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You are not alone The iHV is dedicated to supporting the health and wellbeing of all families and we have put together links and resources from trusted organisations and websites to support you during the COVID-19 pandemic. This page is being regularly reviewed and updated.

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We have tried to answer some common questions below and will update this page when more information becomes available.

For information about coronavirus (COVID-19) and how to protect yourself, visit the NHS website. Please do not call your doctor unless you or your baby are very unwell, or you cannot find the answer online.

The latest information from the UK government about staying at home can be found here.

To help keep our services open and running during this time, please consider making a donation to Bliss.

Babies who are currently in the neonatal unit

My baby is currently receiving neonatal care. Will I be allowed to visit them?

Neonatal units are almost certainly limiting who can be on the neonatal unit. At the moment most units are allowing parents access to their baby on the unit as long as they do not have, or are not suspected to have, COVID-19.

Parents who have had a positive test for COVID-19 will not be allowed access to their baby on the neonatal unit. Parents who are being screened for COVID-19 will not be allowed access to their baby until a negative test has been confirmed.

People who have the symptoms of COVID-19, and the people they live with, are being asked to self-isolate following these guidelines.

If you are unsure what to do, check online. If you are still unsure, call your neonatal unit. Please do not go to the unit if you have symptoms of COVID-19, or if you are concerned that you might have been in contact with someone who has it.

Policies for allowing parents onto neonatal units may vary between different units, and units might change their policies at short notice as the situation develops. Check with your neonatal unit for the most up to date information.

My baby is currently receiving neonatal care. Will my family and their siblings be able to visit them?
Neonatal units have been advised not to allow other children, including your baby's brothers and sisters, or other family members to visit.

This may vary between neonatal units, and units might change their policies at short notice as the situation develops.
I am finding the visiting restrictions difficult to manage. How can I find help and support?
We know not being able to be with your baby may be very difficult and upsetting. It can also be very difficult to support siblings and wider family members who are unable to visit.

Your neonatal unit may be able to arrange video contact for you. They will still be able to give you updates on how your baby is, and involve you in decisions. Talk to your neonatal unit about how they can support you if you are not able to be with your baby on the unit.

Remember, we're here if you need us.

Email hello@bliss.org.uk for emotional support and find more information about supporting your mental health on our website .

Babies who are recently discharged from the neonatal unit
My baby has recently been discharged from a neonatal unit. Will our follow-up appointments be changed?
The current guidance recommends that telephone follow-up appointments will be used wherever possible as an alternative to visiting a clinic.

The team looking after you and your baby will decide whether your appointments will be changed in this way. The neonatal team will be in close contact with your health visitor and GP during this time.

The healthcare team looking after you and your baby will decide whether your appointments will be changed in this way. Unless you are advised otherwise, you should continue with arranged follow-up appointments.
My baby has recently been discharged from a neonatal unit. Will the care we receive in the community be changed?
The current guidance suggests that NHS services in the community are likely to be affected. This may include services such as visits made by community nursing teams and health visitors.

The current guidance recommends that telephone follow-up appointments will be used wherever possible as an alternative to visiting a clinic. This may also apply to some home visits.

Decisions on any changes will be made by healthcare teams who will consider the needs of individual babies and families, with higher-risk babies, mothers and families being prioritised. If you have any concerns, contact your GP or the neonatal unit for advice.

Please be aware that information about changes to healthcare services may change quickly. We will monitor information and make changes as soon as we can if they are needed.

If you are unsure of what to do, check online. If you are still unsure, speak to a relevant healthcare professional.

Babies who received neonatal care at birth and who are now older
My child has complex medical needs. Are they more at risk of getting COVID-19 or becoming unwell?
As COVID-19 is a new illness, little is known about it. There is currently no evidence about the effect of COVID-19 on children who have complex medical needs.

What we do know is that children with conditions such as chronic lung disease (CLD) have a higher risk of developing other types of infection that can infect the lungs, sinuses, throat or airways (respiratory infection). Therefore, they have a higher risk of getting unwell with COVID-19.

The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) recommends that children who have medical conditions which mean they have a higher risk should take stricter measures to protect themselves. This includes reducing interaction with other people (social distancing) wherever possible. The government information about social distancing, which covers both adults and children, explains in more detail who might be at higher risk, and the measures they should take.

Some adults and children have conditions which mean they are considered extremely vulnerable. People in these groups are strongly advised to stay at home and avoid face-to-face contact (shielding). Currently this is recommended for 12 weeks, but the length of this period may change.

If you or your baby has a condition that means you are extremely vulnerable, you will receive a letter from the NHS before Sunday 29 March 2020. Do not contact your GP or healthcare team at this stage - wait to be contacted. The government website has more information about what you should do if you need to shield yourself.

My child has ongoing paediatric appointments. Are these likely to be affected?
The current guidance suggests that NHS paediatric services are likely to be affected. It is likely that telephone or video calls will be used as an alternative to clinic appointments wherever possible.

Decisions on any changes will be made by healthcare teams who will consider the needs of individual babies, children and families. If you are unsure, call your clinic for advice.

Please be aware that guidance relating to all healthcare may change quickly. We will monitor information and make changes as soon as we can if they are needed.

If you are unsure of what to do, check online. If you are still unsure, speak to a relevant healthcare professional.
My child is at school/nursery. How will the closures of schools and nurseries affect me?
Schools and nurseries across the UK will be closed from 23 March. Vulnerable children and the children of people who are vital to the response to COVID-19 (key workers) may still be able to attend school.

Information about the closure of schools and nurseries, including how this affects vulnerable children and the children of key workers can be found here.

If you are unsure of how this guidance affects you, discuss this with your child's school or nursery and with your employer.

The Department for Education (DfE) has a helpline for queries about education for parents and anyone who works in education. You can call 0800 046 8687, Monday to Friday 8am to 6pm. You can also email coronavirushelpline@education.gov.uk

If you are affected financially by COVID-19
I have a baby who was born sick or premature and my work or finances are being affected by COVID-19. Is there any support to help me?
The government is outlining plans to help support people who have been affected financially by COVID-19. If you have been affected in this way, you may be able to access help. Citizens Advice have up to date information about this on their website.

Currently, these plans do not include any support specifically for families of sick and premature babies.

If you live in Scotland, you will be able to reclaim travel and food costs while your baby is in neonatal care through the Neonatal Expenses Fund.

If you suspect you or a family member has COVID-19
What should I do if my child or any member of my family has symptoms of COVID-19?
The symptoms of coronavirus include a high temperature and a new continuous cough. If you, your child or anyone that you live with has symptoms of COVID-19, do not visit your GP, a pharmacy or hospital.

Although COVID-19 can be a very serious illness, evidence to date suggests that most children will only have a mild illness and will recover fully. Children with symptoms must not be taken to visit grandparents or any other family members or friends.

Information about COVID-19, including the symptoms and guidance on what to do if you or a family member has the symptoms can be found online. The best advice for you may be different depending on where you are in the UK.
In England
Information about COVID-19, including the symptoms is given on the NHS website.

NHS 111 has an online assessment service, where you can answer some questions to see if you need to call the NHS 111 phone service. The online assessment is suitable for all ages. You can find it here.
In Scotland
Information about symptoms and what action to take can be found on NHS Inform including information on when to call your GP and when to call NHS 24.
In Wales
Information about COVID-19 can be found at NHS Direct Wales 111. This includes an online assessment which can be used for anyone living in Wales who is 6 months or older.
In Northern Ireland
Information about COVID-19, what to do if you or your child has symptoms, and other information can be found here.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Information | Bliss

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We have tried to answer some common questions below and will update this page when more information becomes available. For information about coronavirus (COVID-19) and how to protect yourself, visit the NHS website. Please do not call your doctor unless you or your baby are very unwell, or you cannot find the answer online.

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Breastfeeding safely during the COVID-19 pandemic

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How to nourish your child following the latest expert guidance

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Media Release

MAGYAR NEDERLANDS 日本語 繁體中文 简体中文 ITALIANO ESPAÑOL DEUTSCHE ελληνικά български HEBREW Português Română ARABIC FRANÇAIS
Contact Information: zion@llli.org
Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) currently in the news is a rapidly evolving global medical situation with limited information available at this time. La Leche League International (LLLI) respects the efforts of international health and medical organizations and associations to maintain up-to-date information and recommendations as understanding of the virus is developed. LLLI will continue to track the development of the current global health crisis.

With over 60 years of breastfeeding experience, La Leche League International stands firm in encouraging all families to recognize the importance of breastfeeding in providing immunological protections to the breastfed child. Most often, babies who are being nursed remain healthy even when their parents or other family members fall ill with an infectious illness. There is a growing body of research showing babies benefit from multiple and diverse immunologic proteins, including antibodies, provided in human milk, particularly through direct breastfeeding.

Those who become infected shortly before giving birth and then begin breastfeeding, and those who become infected while breastfeeding, will produce specific secretory IgA antibodies and many other critical immune factors in their milk to protect their nursing infants and enhance their infants' own immune responses. At this time, these immunologic factors will aid their infants' bodies to respond more effectively to exposure and infection. Following good hygiene practices will also help reduce transfer of the virus.

If someone who is breastfeeding becomes ill, it is important not to interrupt direct breastfeeding. The baby has already been exposed to the virus by the mother and/or family and will benefit most from continued direct breastfeeding.

Disruption of breastfeeding may lead to several issues:

significant emotional trauma for the nursing baby or toddler,

a drop in milk supply due to the need to express milk,

later breast refusal by the infant due to the introduction of bottles,

a decrease in protective immune factors due to lack of direct breastfeeding and expressed milk not matching the infant's needs at a particular time, and

an increased risk of the infant becoming ill due to lack of immune support from direct breastfeeding.

The last point is of critical importance: when any member of the family has been exposed, the infant has been exposed. Hence, any interruption of breastfeeding may actually increase the infant's risk of becoming ill and even of becoming severely ill.

Anyone who believes they may have COVID-19 (also known as novel coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2) is encouraged to follow good hygiene practices, such as thoroughly washing their hands and wearing a protective mask to prevent spread of the virus. If someone becomes ill enough to require hospitalization, the baby should be allowed to continue breastfeeding if at all possible, keeping in mind the above list of possible results from any separation or disruption of breastfeeding. In an extreme circumstance, if an interruption of breastfeeding is deemed medically necessary, hand expressing or pumping the milk is encouraged. In such cases, the expressed milk, which contains multiple immune factors, may be fed to the baby to help prevent the baby from getting the infection or to help reduce the severity and duration of an infection if the baby does get sick.

The World Health Organization (WHO) offers guidance and other information on coronavirus in multiple languages on the WHO website. UNICEF also provides information for breastfeeding through COVID-19 infection. Links are included in the references below.
All of the information above also applies to families at risk of or experiencing influenza and other respiratory viruses.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 28 January 2020). About 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019 - nCoV). Accessed 29 January 2020 and 12 February 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 17 February 2020). Frequently Asked Questions and Answers: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy. Accessed 18 February 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/pregnancy-faq.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 15 February 2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Frequently Asked Questions and Answers. Accessed 19 February 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html

Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 2020; published online Feb 12 2020 at https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3

China National Health Commission. Transcript of Press Conference on Feb 7, 2020 in Chinese. Available at http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/s3574/202002/5bc099fc9144445297e8776838e57ddc.shtml

Lam, C.M., Wong, S.F., Leung, T.N., Chow, K.M., Yu, W.C., Wong, T.Y., Lai, S.T. and Ho, L.C. (2004), A case‐controlled study comparing clinical course and outcomes of pregnant and non‐pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, 111: 771-774.

Scientific American (12 February 2020). Disease Caused by the Novel Coronavirus Officially Has a Name: COVID-19. Accessed 12 February 2020 from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/disease-caused-by-the-novel-coronavirus-officially-has-a-name-covid-19/

Shek CC, Ng PC, Fung GP, et al. Infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Pediatrics 2003; 112: e254.

UNICEF (February 2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): What parents should know. Accessed 18 February 2020 from https://www.unicef.org/stories/novel-coronavirus-outbreak-what-parents-should-know

Wong SF, Chow KM, Leung TN, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191: 292-97.

World Health Organization (WHO; 20 January 2020). Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts: Interim guidance 20 January 2020. Accessed 29 January 2020 from https://www.who.int/publications-detail/home-care-for-patients-with-suspected-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-presenting-with-mild-symptoms-and-management-of-contacts

World Health Organization (WHO, 2020). Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Accessed 12 February 2020 from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2020; published online Feb 10 2020. DOI:10.21037/tp.2020.02.06.

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Continuing to Nurse Your Baby Through Coronavirus (2019-nCoV; COVID-19) and Other Respiratory Infections - La Leche League International

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Media Release MAGYAR NEDERLANDS 日本語 繁體中文 简体中文 ITALIANO ESPAÑOL DEUTSCHE ελληνικά български HEBREW Português Română ARABIC FRANÇAIS Contact Information: zion@llli.org Raleigh, North Carolina, USA The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) currently in the news is a rapidly evolving global medical situation with limited information available at this time.

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Latest guidance

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This information is for both healthcare professionals and the public. It's incredibly important that we all stay informed on the guidance around COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Our aim is to answer their questions, provide reassurance and to aid their decisions.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19), pregnancy and women's health

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This information is for both healthcare professionals and the public. It's incredibly important that we all stay informed on the guidance around COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Our aim is to answer their questions, provide reassurance and to aid their decisions.

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Coronavirus – how will it affect my rights to maternity care

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(updated 17th March 2022)

If you are pregnant, you may be concerned about how coronavirus or COVID-19 (the illness resulting from coronavirus) will affect your rights to maternity care. The NHS has general information on its website about coronavirus (separate guidance applies to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). In addition NHS England & Improvement has specific guidance for providers about facilitating visiting in maternity services. The Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG) has information for pregnant women and their families on its website, which will continue to be updated. The relevant Royal Colleges (the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the Royal College of Midwives and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health) have also published this information for maternity healthcare professionals.

You can read our March 2020 position statement here.

Click below to view our template letters to Trusts/ local MPs re visiting restrictions:
Template letter to local Trust about visiting restrictions due to COVID
Template letter to your local MP about visiting restrictions due to COVID
Frequently Asked Questions

What rights do I have as a pregnant woman in the pandemic?

You still have the right to a safe and positive birth experience. This includes being treated with dignity and respect, having a companion of choice, having access to pain relief, being able to be mobile in labour and give birth in the position of your choice, and being communicated to clearly by staff. On the postnatal ward, your essential needs for food, drink and physical support must be met.

Will I still receive maternity care as normal?

You will still receive maternity care. However in some cases your care might be slightly different to what you expected. The latest guidance from the Royal Colleges recommends that the normal schedule of antenatal appointments should be provided if at all possible. However, depending on local circumstances some appointments may be conducted over the phone or by video link. If you have, or may have, COVID-19, then routine appointments, including scans, should be delayed until after your isolation period.

Will I have to accept changes I am not happy with?

Maternity services should still treat you with dignity, and you can always decline any intervention/treatment you are not happy with. However in some cases Trusts/Boards may have to make changes to the services they offer. The law allows them to do this, even if it means restricting choices, if they can show that it is a proportionate response to the challenge of coronavirus.

I have been planning a home birth, will I still be able to have one?

Yes, if the Trust/Board has enough staff to run this service and women are able to be transferred to hospital if necessary.

Official guidance recommends that women who have (or may have) COVID-19 give birth on an obstetric unit. If the Trust/Board is not able to offer a home birth to well women, they should be able to give a good, evidence-based reason for this, and to offer alternatives such as birth in a midwifery-led birth centre, where possible. They should also review this decision regularly as the situation changes, for example, if the home service has been partially withdrawn because of staff shortages of over 20%, the expectation is that the service should be reinstated once staff shortages return below 20%. RCM/RCOG have also published guidance on the provision of midwifery settings and home birth during the current pandemic.

If there is no home birth service what happens if I stay at home and give birth without assistance?

The legal position is that you cannot be compelled to go to hospital and giving birth without assistance is not illegal, but should be thought about carefully.
Some women have reported being threatened with social services when mentioning this option. This is completely inappropriate. A referral to social services should only be made on the basis of a risk of "significant harm" to the baby after the baby is born, and should never be made on the basis of birth choices alone.

I am due to have a maternal request caesarean, will this still go ahead?

Yes, unless the Trust can give a good reason why the Trust cannot honour that commitment due to the changed circumstances. Caesareans will be prioritised according to clinical need but Trusts should be doing their best to follow NICE guidance, and to undertake all caesareans on their lists, even if some re-scheduling is required.

Will I still have continuity of care?

National guidance from the Royal Colleges says that continuity of care should continue to be offered where possible. Each Trust continue to monitor if it has sufficient staff to offer its usual service, and to make short-term alternative arrangements to see a midwife or doctor even if not your usual one.

Will I have one to one care in labour?

Yes - all units aim to provide you with one to one care from a midwife during active labour.

Will my partner be able to be with me at all times?

You should always have a chosen partner with you during active labour and birth (ie from when you are admitted to the labour ward or birth centre and are therefore in your own room, or during a caesarean unless you are having a general anaesthetic).

Some Trusts continue to have restrictions on visiting in place particularly on postnatal wards (for example visiting limited to two hours). These can only be justified if there are issues with maintaining 1m social distancing if all partners were present. A Trust must be able to show that ongoing restrictions are necessary and proportionate, taking into account the need to control the spread of the virus as well as the harm caused by the restrictions themselves. Trusts are required to be innovative in overcoming any obstacles in the way of including partners within maternity services.

Visiting should only be restricted on the postnatal ward if the staff are able to meet all your basic needs for food, drink and physical support. If you need additional support, for example if you have had a caesarean, or you have had twins, or you have a mental health condition, exceptions should be considered on a case by case basis.

If visiting restrictions are still in place and you feel that there are reasons to make an exception for you, do raise this with your care team.

Please note the situation regarding visiting in maternity services differs across the UK. You can find further information here on current visiting guidance in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Can my partner join appointments by phone or video call if they are not able to be present in person?

Partners are now able to attend most antenatal and scan appointments. Where this is not possible, many Trusts are facilitating partners dialing into appointments with midwives and doctors. If you are prevented from doing this, you should be given a good, evidence-based reason. Healthcare professionals should bear in mind that the General Medical Council and the British Medical Association have said that patients should be able to record consultations.

We have received legal advice saying that Trusts/Boards should allow partners to be involved in scan appointments remotely unless the Trust/Board can show they have looked at all the evidence and have a good reason to say no. Updated national guidance on remote attendance was published by the Society of Radiographers on 12th August 2021 and provides some ideas about how discretion can be applied when partners are not able to attend in person.

Do I have the right to decide who is present at my home birth?

A Trust/Board cannot compel people to leave your house. However Trusts/Boards have a duty to keep their staff safe so they can restrict their service and say they won't attend in certain circumstances, say if someone with a positive COVID test or symptoms is present. By declining to provide the service, the Trust/Board is potentially putting the woman and baby at risk and may be legally liable in the event of an adverse outcome. Therefore Trusts/Boards will need to assure themselves that the restriction is proportionate. For example, requiring other members of the household including other children, to leave the house during the birth, is unlikely to be proportionate.

Will I have access to pain relief during my labour?

Yes. Trusts should not withhold pain relief including access to water to relief pain in labour, as well as access to an epidural or other drugs without having a rational and evidence based reason to do so.

Will I need to wear a face mask during a caesarean?

There is no official guidance on this but RCOG have told us the following:

"The NHS guidance on wearing face coverings in hospital settings applies to staff, visitors and those attending out-patient appointments, not people admitted to hospital. We do not believe it is appropriate for pregnant women in labour or those having a planned or emergency caesarean birth to be asked to wear a facemask while in labour or when giving birth."

"Pregnant women admitted to hospital who tested positive for or who are displaying symptoms of COVID-19, would usually be asked to wear a face covering until they are moved into a private room, or while moving from their room to the operating theatre if they are having a caesarean birth."

Do I have the right to decline testing for COVID?

Yes you can decline the test and care must not be withdrawn. RCOG's guidance on testing says that if you decline a test you should be treated as if your test result is pending (ie you should be treated as positive if you have symptoms or have been in close contact with someone who has symptoms or a positive result). RCOG's guidance can be found here.

Should I be prioritised for vaccination?

As of 16 th December 2021 pregnant women and birthing people have been prioritised for vaccination (alongside anyone under 65 who has a long term health condition). This follows evidence that clinical outcomes for pregnant women with COVID have worsened over the pandemic (see here for further information).

Vaccination sites have been given operational guidance telling them that they need to make reasonable adjustments for people who might struggle to stand in a queue including those who are pregnant.

What if I am under 18?

Anyone who is pregnant should be prioritised for the vaccine. If you are over the age of 12 you can have the Pfizer vaccine.

Do I have the right to decline vaccination?

Everyone has the right to make an informed choice over whether to be vaccinated or not. However the Joint Committee on Vaccinations and Immunisation is calling on all pregnant women to get vaccinated as soon as possible. There is now good available data which shows no safety concerns with vaccinating pregnant women. If you have any concerns we would recommend looking at the latest information and data from reputable sources such as the Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (see here).

Does all of this apply to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?

The Human Rights Act applies to the whole of the UK and therefore the underlying principles of: individuals having rights which can't be restricted without good reason, the need to explore all alternative options to ensure restrictions are the minimum necessary to achieve the legitimate aim of protecting the health of others, and the need to review these decisions as the situation changes, apply equally to the devolved nations.

RCOG/RCM guidance also applies UK wide.

The situation regarding visiting in maternity services differs across the UK. You can find further information here on current visiting guidance in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

What about the rights of staff?

We understand that maternity staff are currently working in very challenging circumstances and are understandably worried about the risk of catching COVID and of passing it on to family members.

Midwives, doctors and other NHS staff have rights as employees, including the right to a safe workplace, and to protective equipment. However NHS Trusts as public bodies also have a duty to protect the human rights of the patients they look after. Trusts must balance the need to protect their staff against the need to protect the rights of their patients. Whilst banning all birth partners, for example, could reduce the risk of infection to staff, it would be a profound restriction on the rights of a woman and her partner. Such a ban would only be proportionate in the most extreme circumstances.

We recognise the dedication and sacrifice of maternity healthcare professionals who are facing increased risks on a daily basis to ensure that women have a safe and positive birth experience.

If you feel your rights during birth are at risk, please do email us on advice@birthrights.org.uk

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Coronavirus - how will it affect my rights to maternity care? - Birthrights

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(updated 17th March 2022) If you are pregnant, you may be concerned about how coronavirus or COVID-19 (the illness resulting from coronavirus) will affect your rights to maternity care. The NHS has general information on its website about coronavirus (separate guidance applies to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland).

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AIMS Response to the NHS Clinical Guide to Trusts on Maternity Service arrangements during the Coronavirus period

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On April 9, the NHS published a '​Clinical guide for the temporary reorganisation of intrapartum maternity care during the coronavirus pandemic'. AIMS welcomes this national guide, addressed to all local Trusts providing maternity services, and we hope that it will help to resolve some of the issues that we know, from our helpline work, are being encountered. AIMS looks forward to further updates of this Guide, drawing on comments from a wider group of stakeholders. On that basis, we have submitted our comments on this first version of the guide.

Published on 11th April 2020

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AIMS Response to the NHS Clinical Guide to Trusts on Maternity Service arrangements during the Coronavirus period

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On April 9, the NHS published a '​Clinical guide for the temporary reorganisation of intrapartum maternity care during the coronavirus pandemic'. AIMS welcomes this national guide, addressed to all local Trusts providing maternity services, and we hope that it will help to resolve some of the issues that we know, from our helpline work, are being encountered.

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Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists

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A minimum of six face-to-face antenatal consultations should take place during the coronavirus pandemic, according to new guidance from the RCM and RCOG

Routine antenatal care is essential to detecting common complications of pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and urine infections that don't present with symptoms

Additional guidance on maternal medicine seeks to offer pragmatic advice to doctors and midwives on the management of common medical disorders in pregnancy during the coronavirus pandemic

New standards for NHS Trusts and Boards on how to safely manage antenatal and postnatal care services during the coronavirus pandemic have been published by the Royal College of Midwives and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

Maternity care has been shown repeatedly to be essential. Studies in the UK and internationally have shown that if women do not attend antenatal services they are at increased risk of maternal death, stillbirth, and other adverse perinatal outcomes.

Many elements of antenatal care require in-person assessment, including blood pressure and urine checks, measurement of fetal growth and blood tests.

There is a shortage of evidence about rationalising antenatal visit numbers, but evidence from lower and middle income countries suggests that attendance at five visits or less is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality. There is no appropriate evidence about replacing this minimal antenatal care with remote assessment.

Gill Walton, CEO of the Royal College of Midwives, said:
"We know that this is a worrying time for pregnant women and they are, understandably, doing all they can to ensure the health and safety of themselves and their baby. Antenatal appointments are there to do just that, which is why it's so important to continue to attend them.

"If you are pregnant, with no coronavirus symptoms, you should continue to go to your antenatal appointments as usual, while following the social distancing guidance of keeping a two-metre distance from others and using private transport if possible. Even if you have symptoms, contact your midwife and they will work with you to ensure you continue to get the care and support you and your baby need."

The guidance suggests that maternity services should aim to maximise the use of remote means to provide additional antenatal consultations. Remote consulting enables greater compliance with social distancing measures recommended for pregnant women and maternity staff. Clinics can be run effectively using telephone or video consultations instead of face to face encounters.

Risk assessment for the provision of face-to-face antenatal care should be undertaken to ensure that women with particular vulnerabilities, including psycho-social and safeguarding issues as well medical and obstetric complications are prioritised.

The guidance for adaptation of maternal medicine services to safely reduce face-to-face contact during the evolving coronavirus pandemic, includes offering virtual consultations where appropriate, ensuring women are seen in one-stop clinics that cover all medical and obstetric needs in the same visit, avoiding unnecessary hospital admissions and offering new innovations, such as home monitoring of blood pressure, where it is safe to do so.

Dr Edward Morris, President of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, said:
"We welcome the rapid and largely successful implementation of remote access to antenatal care throughout the UK, ensuring women receive high-quality care and regular access to essential services while minimising the need for travel to antenatal clinics and face-to-face contact with healthcare staff.

"However it's important to remember that some pregnant women have underlying conditions that require additional antenatal monitoring to ensure the wellbeing of the women and her baby.

"The guidance published today seeks to offer pragmatic advice to doctors and midwives on the management of common medical disorders in pregnancy during the coronavirus pandemic. It recognises that antenatal care is essential, and balances the need to provide appropriate care to ensure the best possible pregnancy outcomes for women and their babies against the need to protect particularly vulnerable women from the risk of coronavirus infection."

Ends Notes to editors
For media enquiries, please contact the RCOG press office on +44 (0)20 7772 6300/444 or email pressoffice@rcog.org.uk

Read our national guidance on coronavirus infection in pregnancy and Q&As for pregnant women and their families.

Read our guidance for maternal medicine in the evolving coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

Read our guidance for antenatal and postnatal services in the evolving coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

UK government guidance on social distancing for all vulnerable people including pregnant women.

Sign up to receive the latest RCOG updates by email when the guidance is updated.

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Antenatal care should be standardised to the minimum targets set out in new guidance, say professional bodies

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A minimum of six face-to-face antenatal consultations should take place during the coronavirus pandemic, according to new guidance from the RCM and RCOG Routine antenatal care is essential to detecting common complications of pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and urine infections that don't present with symptoms Additional guidance on

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