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Scottsboro Boys: Trial, Case, Harper Lee & Names - HISTORY

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Scottsboro Boys: Trial, Case, Harper Lee & Names ‑ HISTORY

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The Scottsboro Boys, nine Black teenagers accused of raping two white women on a train near Scottsboro, Alabama, in 1931, endured several lengthy court trials.

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An American Tragedy: The Scottsboro Boys' Trial

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Historian on Emmett Till's accuser recanting story

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The Body Of Emmett Till | 100 Photos | TIME

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Former S.C. Police Officer Pleads Guilty In Shooting Of Walter Scott

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Michael Slager pleaded guilty to a federal civil rights charge for using excessive force in attempting to arrest Scott in 2015. As part of the plea deal, the state will drop a pending murder charge.

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Officers Won’t Be Charged in Black Man’s Shooting Death in Louisiana (Published 2017)

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The shooting death of Alton B. Sterling by white police officers raised an outcry and prompted a Justice Department inquiry, fueling a national debate about race and justice.

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Stephon Clark's Case Raises Concerns and Questions

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Stephon Clark's Case Raises Concerns and Questions

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Stephon Clark’s Official Autopsy Conflicts With Earlier Findings (Published 2018)

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An official report calls into question a private autopsy that found an unarmed black man was hit primarily while facing away from two Sacramento police officers.

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Lady Gaga wrote a song about Trayvon Martin for new album | CNN

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Lady Gaga is opening up about what could become one of the most talked about songs on her forthcoming new album, “Joanne.”

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"18" Song - Dedicated to the memory of Trayvon Martin

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Studies yield alarming police shooting data

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Amid a lack of government data on people killed in encounters with police, studies by the Washington Post and the Guardian shed light on long-suspected racial disparities.

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When Michael Brown was shot to death by a white police officer in Ferguson, Missouri, in August 2014, it awakened a movement that began with the previous killing of another black teenager, Trayvon Martin, who was shot in 2012 by neighborhood watch volulnteer George Zimmerman.

Brown's death was not the first of its kind since Martin's; just a month prior, Eric Garner died after being placed in a chokehold by NYPD officers. Both deaths sparked protests across the country - protests that were renewed when grand juries declined to charge the officers involved in either case.

The national outcry has cast light on similar cases from the past year, some leading to charges against the police officers involved, others not.

Here's a breakdown of when the killings happened and their outcomes.

( Note: This list is not exhaustive.)

Dontre Hamilton, 31, was fatally shot 14 times by a police officer in a Milwaukee park. The officer was responding to a call from employees at a nearby Starbucks alleging that Hamilton, who had been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, was disturbing the peace.

The officers who arrived first determined that Hamilton wasn't doing anything illegal. Officer Christopher Manney showed up later and, after trying to pat Hamilton down, engaged in a struggle with him that led to the shooting. Manney was not charged.

Hamilton's mother, Maria Hamilton, is organizing a march in Washington, D.C., on May 9 to call for justice.

Eric Garner, 43, was killed after he was put in an illegal chokehold for 15 seconds by a white police officer - allegedly for selling loose cigarettes. Garner said "I can't breathe" 11 times as he was held down by several officers on a sidewalk.

The officer who put Garner in the chokehold, Daniel Pantaleo, was not charged.

Garner's death sparked peaceful protests across the nation, with demonstrators adopting the phrase "I Can't Breathe" as a symbol and slogan of protest.

John Crawford, 22, was shot and killed by a police officer at a Walmart in Beavercreek, Ohio. There did not appear to be a confrontation with the police, and Crawford was unarmed - he had been holding a toy BB gun.

The officers involved in the shooting, Sean Williams and David Darkow, were not charged.

Unarmed Michael Brown, 18, was shot and killed by Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson.

In November, a grand jury declined to charge Wilson in the fatal shooting. Brown's death and the lack of charges against Wilson sparked protests, some of them violent, in Ferguson and across the nation.

On March 4, the Department of Justice announced that it too would not charge Wilson for the shooting after an exhaustive investigation.

Ezell Ford, a 25-year-old mentally ill man, was shot three times, including once in the back, by a white police officer. He was unarmed.

The investigation is still ongoing, but it has been placed on an "investigative hold". So far, no charges have been filed against Sharlton Wampler and Antonio Villegas, the two officers involved.

Dante Parker, a 36-year-old father of five, died in police custody after being repeatedly stunned by a Taser in San Bernardino County.

The local investigation is still ongoing, but the NAACP has called for the federal government to take over, according to the San Bernadino Sun.

Tanisha Anderson, 37, died after officers in Cleveland allegedly slammed her head on the pavement while taking her into custody.

Anderson's family said she had bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

The investigation into the case remains ongoing, and no charges have been filed against the officers involved.

Akai Gurley, 28, was shot and killed by a police officer while walking in a dimly lit New York City public housing stairwell with his girlfriend. Gurley, who was unarmed, was pronounced dead at a hospital. New York Police Department Commissioner Bill Bratton called the shooting an "accidental discharge."

The officer, rookie Peter Liang, was charged with second-degree manslaughter, criminally negligent homicide, second-degree assault, reckless endangerment, and two counts of official misconduct.

Tamir Rice, 12, was shot and killed by Cleveland police after officers mistook his toy gun for a real weapon.

The two police officers involved, Timothy Loehmann and Frank Garmback, have not been charged.

Rice's family has filed wrongful death lawsuit against the officers and the city of Cleveland.

Rumain Brisbon, 34, was shot and killed by a Phoenix police officer who mistook a pill bottle for a weapon.

The officer, Mark Rine, was not charged following a probe by the Maricopa County attorney's office, according to the New York Daily News.

Jerame Reid, 36, was shot and killed by police officers in Bridgeton, New Jersey. He was a passenger in a car driven by his friend, who was pulled over by police.

In dashcam video footage of the stop, an officer is heard claiming that there is a gun in the glove compartment. Police shouted at Reid not to exit the car, but he did, with his hands apparently in front of his chest. That's when officers Braheme Days and Roger Worley opened fire, striking Reid.

Days and Worley were placed on administrative leave with pay for the ensuing investigation, which remains ongoing. The shooting sparked protests and calls for the state attorney general to also investigate.

Tony Robinson, 19, was shot and killed by a Madison police officer who was responding to reports of someone disrupting traffic.

Police said Robinson allegedly assaulted the officer, who then shot him three times. Robinson was unarmed.

The investigation remains ongoing.

Phillip White, 32, died while in police custody in Vineland, New Jersey.

Police had responded to a call about White acting erratically and called an ambulance because he appeared to be in medical distress. A violent encounter ensued, and video footage appears to show a police dog biting White while he is on the ground.

White was later pronounced dead at a hospital.

The officers involved have not been charged as the investigation continues.

Eric Harris, 44, was shot and killed by a 73-year-old reserve deputy officer who allegedly mistook his own gun for a Taser. The entire incident was captured on a dashcam video.

The officer, Robert Bates, was charged with manslaughter.

Walter Scott, 50, was shot by a police officer while running away from a traffic stop for a broken taillight. Officer Michael Slager claimed Scott had taken his stun gun.

Slager was subsequently fired and charged with murder after a video surfaced showing Scott running away, his back to the officer, as Slager fired his gun.

Freddie Gray, 25, died of a spinal cord injury a week after he was arrested by Baltimore police.

It's still unclear how Gray sustained the injury. Officials say he was stopped after fleeing "unprovoked upon noticing police presence" and arrested for allegedly possessing a switchblade.

He was put in a police van, which is where police say he suffered a medical emergency. The officers involved in his arrest were placed on leave, and on Friday, the state's attorney announced that they had been criminally charged in connection with Gray's homicide.

Gray's death sparked protests in Baltimore and other cities across the nation. On Monday, protesters and police clashed, prompting hundreds of arrests and Maryland's governor to declare a state of emergency.

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Here's A Timeline Of Unarmed Black People Killed By Police Over Past Year

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From Arizona to New York, the cases have added to national outrage over deadly force used by police.

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Over twenty years ago, an important infographic, "10 Rules Of Survival If Stopped By The Police” was developed by David Miller, founder of "The Dare To Be King Project."  In partnership with CTS, WFYI, and Trinity UCC (on the south side of Chicago), SALT took Miller's rules and created this Emmy nominated short film to bring this critical information to an even wider audience and to protest the fact that this film needs to be made at all.  

Please share!

www.saltproject.org
www.daretobeking.net

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An Incomplete List of Things Black People Should Avoid Doing so They Won’t Be Killed by Police – The Root

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On Sunday, March 18, police in Sacramento, Calif., fired 20 shots at Stephon Clark, killing him. Clark was unarmed and in his own backyard, leading many to ask what black people must do to escape the indiscriminate killing of black people.

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Mental illness played a role in of incidents.

of the victims were white, while were black.

of the people killed in police shootings were under age 30.

of the people shot and killed by police were armed with a gun, while were unarmed.

of the people shot and killed by police had fled from officers.

of the people shot and killed by police were men.

Body-worn police cameras were known to be recording in fatal police shootings.

New insight

Search the database

of

,

963 people were fatally shot by police in 2016

There were fatal shootings in 2017 than in 2016.

Number of those fatally shot by police

Where the 2017 shootings took place

Each marks the location of a deadly shooting.

There are shootings with unverified locations that are not shown on the map.

Shootings per million people

0

Learn more about the project

In 2015, The Post created a database cataloging every fatal shooting nationwide by a police officer in the line of duty, collecting data on those who were killed and details of the shootings. The effort began because data compiled by the federal government was unreliable and incomplete. The project was awarded the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting.

This database is based on news reports, public records, social media and other sources. Read about our methodology. Download the data. Submit a tip.

This page is no longer updated as of Jan. 22, 2020. Please see this page for the latest data.
Read more about the series.

Source: News reports, public records, social media and other sources

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Since 2015, The Post has created a database cataloging every fatal shooting nationwide by a police officer in the line of duty.

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Police shootings: Trials, convictions are rare for officers | CNN

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Few police officers ever face trial for shooting deaths, let alone are convicted.

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What happened in 15 prominent cases in which black people were killed by the police or died in custody:

Cases in which black people were killed by the police or died in their custody have risen to national prominence in recent years, often prompting protests nationwide. This year, an off-duty Dallas officer fatally shot Botham Shem Jean when she mistook his apartment for her own, and Stephon Clark was shot dead in his grandmother's backyard by the police in Sacramento.

To see how the cases were processed and moved through the judicial system, we tracked the outcomes of 15 high-profile deaths from 2014 to 2016. In some of the cases, the police offered an explanation for their actions, but many viewers of raw footage concluded that their actions were unjustified.

Officers were indicted or charged in eight of the cases. Three cases resulted in convictions, one of which came with a prison sentence after a guilty plea.

Cases in which an officer was indicted or charged:

On Friday, Officer Jason Van Dyke was convicted of second-degree murder and 16 counts of aggravated battery with a firearm in the fatal shooting of Laquan McDonald in 2014.

After a mistrial for murder or voluntary manslaughter charges in December 2016, Michael T. Slager, the North Charleston, S.C., officer who fatally shot Walter L. Scott in the back as Mr. Scott was running away, pleaded guilty to civil rights charges in May. He was later sentenced to 20 years in prison.

Peter Liang was convicted of manslaughter after Akai Gurley was killed by a ricocheting bullet in a dark stairwell of a Brooklyn housing project. The judge later reduced the conviction to criminally negligent homicide. Mr. Liang was sentenced to five years of probation.
[For more coverage of race, sign up here to have our Race/Related newsletter delivered weekly to your inbox.]
After two mistrials, Cincinnati's top prosecutor said in July last year that he would drop charges against a former University of Cincinnati police officer, Ray Tensing, who fatally shot Samuel DuBose in 2015 during a traffic stop. A judge later dismissed the charges.

In May of last year, Officer Betty Jo Shelby was found not guilty of first-degree manslaughter in the fatal shooting of Terence Crutcher, an unarmed black driver, in Tulsa, Okla.

In seven cases, no officers were charged, and they may never be. For example, in the case of Keith L. Scott, 43, who was shot during a confrontation with the police in the parking lot of his apartment complex in Charlotte, N.C., the prosecutor decided not to charge Officer Brentley Vinson, saying that the officer's use of deadly force was justified.

In another case, Timothy Loehmann, the officer who fatally shot Tamir Rice in Cleveland, was never criminally charged in the death of the 12-year-old boy. But two and a half years after the shooting, Mr. Loehmann was fired for providing false information when he had applied for the job.

Cases in which officers have not been charged:

"Most police shootings are found to be legally justified," said Philip M. Stinson, an associate professor of criminal justice at Bowling Green State University and a former police officer who tracks police crime.

"Under the relevant Supreme Court case law," Mr. Stinson said, "if an officer has a reasonable apprehension of an imminent threat of serious bodily injury or deadly force being imposed against the officer or somebody else, then they're justified in using deadly force."

While criminal convictions are uncommon, many families of those who died have agreed to settlements of $850,000 to $6.5 million.

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15 Black Lives Ended in Confrontations With Police. 3 Officers Convicted. (Published 2017)

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What happened in 15 prominent cases in which black people were killed by the police or died in custody: Cases in which black people were killed by the police or died in their custody have risen to national prominence in recent years, often prompting protests nationwide.

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Starbucks Incident Yields Positive Outlook on the Future

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Starbucks Incident Yields Positive Outlook on the Future

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