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Definition - What does Spam mean?

Spam refers to the use of electronic messaging systems to send out unrequested or unwanted messages in bulk.

The difficulty with stopping spam is that the economics of it are so compelling. While most would agree that spamming is unethical, the cost of delivering a message via spam is next to nothing. If even a tiny percentage of targets respond, a spam campaign can be successful economically.

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Definition - What does Cracker mean?

A cracker is an individual who performs cracking, or the process of breaking into a computer or a network system. A cracker might be performing cracking for malicious activities, profit, for certain nonprofit intentions or causes, or just for a challenge. Some crackers break into a network system deliberately to point out the flaws involved in that network's security system. In most cases, crackers aim to gain access to confidential data, get hold of free software applications, or carry out malicious damage to files.

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DEFINITION OF HACKERS-A hacker is an individual who uses computer, networking or other skills to overcome a technical problem. The term hacker may refer to anyone with technical skills, but it often refers to a person who uses his or her abilities to gain unauthorized access to systems or networks in order to commit crimes. A hacker may, for example, steal information to hurt people via identity theft, damage or bring down systems and, often, hold those systems hostage to collect ransom. The term hacker has historically been a divisive one, sometimes being used as a term of admiration for an individual who exhibits a high degree of skill, as well as creativity in his or her approach to technical problems. However, the term is more commonly applied to an individual who uses this skill for illegal or unethical purposes.Types of hackersThe security community has informally used references to hat color as a way different types of hacker are identified, usually divided into three types: white hat, black hat and gray hat.•White hat hackers, also known as ethical hackers, strive to operate in the public's best interest, rather than to create turmoil. Many white hat hackers work doing penetration testing, hired to attempt to break into the company's networks to find and report on security vulnerabilities. The security firms then help their customers mitigate security issues before criminal hackers can exploit them.•Black hat hackers intentionally gain unauthorized access to networks and systems with malicious intent, whether to steal data, spread malware or profit from ransomware, vandalize or otherwise damage systems or for any other reason -- including gaining notoriety. Black hat hackers are criminals by definition because they violate laws against accessing systems without authorization, but they may also engage in other illegal activity, including identity theft and distributed denial-of-service attacks.•Gray hat hackers fall somewhere between white hat hackers and black hat hackers. While their motives may be similar to those of white hat hackers, gray hats are more likely than white hat hackers to access systems without authorization; at the same time, they are more likely than black hat hackers to avoid doing unnecessary damage to the systems they hack. Although they aren't typically -- or only -- motivated by money, gray hat hackers may offer to fix vulnerabilities they have discovered through their own, unauthorized, activities rather than using their knowledge to exploit vulnerabilities for illegal profit.

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DEFINITION OF HACKERS-A hacker is an individual who uses computer, networking or other skills to overcome a technical problem. The term hacker may refer to anyone with technical skills, but it often refers to a person who uses his or her abilities to gain unauthorized access to systems or networks in order to commit crimes. A hacker may, for example, steal information to hurt people via identity theft, damage or bring down systems and, often, hold those systems hostage to collect ransom. The term hacker has historically been a divisive one, sometimes being used as a term of admiration for an individual who exhibits a high degree of skill, as well as creativity in his or her approach to technical problems. However, the term is more commonly applied to an individual who uses this skill for illegal or unethical purposes.Types of hackersThe security community has informally used references to hat color as a way different types of hacker are identified, usually divided into three types: white hat, black hat and gray hat.•White hat hackers, also known as ethical hackers, strive to operate in the public's best interest, rather than to create turmoil. Many white hat hackers work doing penetration testing, hired to attempt to break into the company's networks to find and report on security vulnerabilities. The security firms then help their customers mitigate security issues before criminal hackers can exploit them.•Black hat hackers intentionally gain unauthorized access to networks and systems with malicious intent, whether to steal data, spread malware or profit from ransomware, vandalize or otherwise damage systems or for any other reason -- including gaining notoriety. Black hat hackers are criminals by definition because they violate laws against accessing systems without authorization, but they may also engage in other illegal activity, including identity theft and distributed denial-of-service attacks.•Gray hat hackers fall somewhere between white hat hackers and black hat hackers. While their motives may be similar to those of white hat hackers, gray hats are more likely than white hat hackers to access systems without authorization; at the same time, they are more likely than black hat hackers to avoid doing unnecessary damage to the systems they hack. Although they aren't typically -- or only -- motivated by money, gray hat hackers may offer to fix vulnerabilities they have discovered through their own, unauthorized, activities rather than using their knowledge to exploit vulnerabilities for illegal profit.

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Definition of 'Spyware'

Definition: Spyware is the term given to a category of software which aims to steal personal or organisational information. It is done by performing a set of operations without appropriate user permissions, sometimes even covertly. General actions a spyware performs include advertising, collection of personal information and changing user configuration settings of the computer.

Description: A Spyware is generally classified into adware, tracking cookies, system monitors and Trojans. The most common way for a spyware to get into the computer is through freeware and shareware as a bundled hidden component. Once a spyware gets successfully installed, it starts sending the data from that computer in the background to some other place.

These days spywares are usually used to give popup advertisements based on user habits and search history. But when a spyware is used maliciously, it is hidden in the system files of the computer and difficult to differentiate.

One of the simplest and most popular, yet dangerous are Keyloggers. It is used to record the keystrokes which could be fatal as it can record passwords, credit card information etc. In some shared networks and corporate computers, it is also intentionally installed to track user activities.

Presence of spyware in a computer can create a lot of other troubles as spyware intended to monitor the computer can change user preferences, permissions and also administrative rights, resulting in users being locked out of their own computer and in some cases, can also result in full data losses. Spyware running in the background can also amount to increased number of processes and result in frequent crashes. It also often slows down a computer.

Best way to remain protected is to use good Antivirus/Antispyware software. More importantly, be careful while installing freeware applications by properly removing the unnecessarily checked options by default.

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Definition of 'Computer Virus'

Definition: A computer virus is a malicious software program loaded onto a user’s computer without the user’s knowledge and performs malicious actions.

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What is a computer malware?

“Malware” is short for “malicious software” - computer programs designed to infiltrate and damage computers without the users consent. “Malware” is the general term covering all the different types of threats to your computer safety such as viruses, spyware, worms, trojans, rootkits and so on.