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common optical problem that occurs when a lens is either unable to bring all wavelengths of color to the same focal plane, and/or when wavelengths of color are focused at different positions in the focal plane.

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an image entails conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another

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an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled.

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caused by compression when an image is saved in the .jpg format.

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effect associated with wide-angle lenses and, in particular, zoom wide-angles.

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image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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format that has a wide angle aspect ratio. See Advanced Photo System and crop factor.

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camera uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm.

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detects and conveys information used to make an image.

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the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame

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a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

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a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

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a unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

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a unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

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a unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes

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an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

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a trend in sculpture and painting that arose in the 1950s and used simple, typically massive, forms.

an avant-garde movement in music characterized by the repetition of very short phrases that change gradually, producing a hypnotic effect.

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Pop art is an art movement that emerged in Britain and the United States during the mid- to late-1950s. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects.

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new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

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a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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occurs when a scene or an object that is being photographed contains repetitive details (such as lines, dots, etc) that exceed the sensor resolution.

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Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them.

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In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images.

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Still life photography is a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects.

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When you take photos for a comercial

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A histogram is a graphical representation of the tonal values of your image. In other words, it shows the amount of tones of particular brightness found in your photograph ranging from black (0% brightness) to white (100% brightness).

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Anti-art is a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general.

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tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees

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A beauty dish is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point

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snoot is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam.

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Umbrellas are used primarily as diffusers in photography. They are used either to diffuse light by reflective diffusion, or shoot-through diffusion. Reflective diffusion: A flash light is fired directly into the underside of a black umbrella with a white or silver lining.

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A soft box is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices.

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A monolight is a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio.

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light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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curve is a remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colors or other elements in a picture.

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tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram.

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simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macro photography

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Tilt–shift photography is the use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras

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straight-out-of-camera

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collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process.

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Polaroid transfer is a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film.

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Photogravure is an intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive

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photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print.

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instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive.

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Split lighting is a technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark. The light is evenly divided over the subject

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Loop lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above. This creates a nose shadow that 'loops' down at an angle onto their cheek. It is a slightly directional lighting pattern - the light is not flat, but the face is still mostly illuminated.

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Rembrandt lighting is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using onelight and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

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Butterfly lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting,' named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

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Broad lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly. ... Broad lighting is typically less flattering than short lighting as it widens the look of the face.

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Short lighting is a classic portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from the side of their face that is farthest from the camera. The portion of the face that is most brightly lit is 'shorter' than if the light were positioned on the side of the face that is closest to the camera.