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Brief Summary: Although largely considered a publicity stunt by many, when IBM’s Watson machine appeared on Jeopardy against Ken Jennings in 2010 it marked a massive shift in artificial intelligence capabilities. To this point in the public space, A.I. was largely unseen and average citizens of the world had little idea of the capabilities and advancements made in the decades since the first algorithmic computers were used. Although Watson did not win the competition, his showing was enough to convince a large portion of the population that artificial intelligence is here to stay, and its applications are seen on a daily basis all over the world, though not always in obvious ways. Web tools like sentence assist in browsers or traffic lights in a majority of metropolitan areas already utilize A.I. to maximize efficiency and convenience.

Source: https://www.pcmag.com/news/the-most-iconic-tech-innovations-of-the-2010s

Contributor: M. V.

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Brief Summary: Prior to circa the year 2010, most cellphone networks relied on outdated and painfully slow connection speeds for users. This change was largely brought about from a consumer trend of using more cell phone data than actual minutes on calls. As the internet became more widely used from a mobile standpoint and platforms like Youtube and Facebook skyrocketed to popularity, more and more individuals found themselves constantly in need of higher data caps and faster mobile connections. As a result the network providers within the US responded by building better, faster mobile internet access almost nationwide (dead zones still existing today).

Source: https://www.pcmag.com/archive/the-fastest-mobile-networks-2010-251249

Contributor: M. V.

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Rise of Social, Mobile and Personalized Learning Environments (2011) 

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Rise of Social, Mobile and Personalized Learning Environments (2011) 

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Brief Summary: Prior to 2010, the first online courses were introduced (West). Additionally, instructional design has experienced a shift from simply aiming to help people acquire knowledge and skills in traditional ways, to focusing on learner constructed understandings based on personalized learning models. The ethos of instructional design, post 2010 is informed by the rise of big data and Learning Experience design and includes Mobile, social and blended learning models. Students use a variety of tools to create the perfect personalized learning environment for them. Tools are able to be integrated into LMS or used separately.

Source: https://edtechbooks.org/lidtfoundations/twenty_years_of_edtech, https://www.instructionaldesigncentral.com/instructional-design-history

Contributor: A.G.

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Oculus Rift Offers Alternate Reality (2012)

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Oculus Rift Offers Alternate Reality (2012)

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Brief Summary: In late 2011 rumblings began to emerge from within the tech world that a new virtual reality device was soon to hit consumer markets. The capabilities of this new offering were rumored to be substantially more powerful than previous generations of gimmick headsets or accessory items. In 2012 the rumors were proven true, at least partially. The Oculus was released and provided a stunning new foray into the world of virtual reality, it wasn’t quite the industry redefining cornerstone it was built up as, but nonetheless it provided a wondrous window into the future of both entertainment and education applications for VR and AR technologies.

Source: https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/oculus-rift-development-kit

Contributor: M. V.

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President Obama announces the ConnectED initiative (June 2013)

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President Obama announces the ConnectED initiative (June 2013)

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Brief Summary: President Obama announces a new initiative to bring access to educational technology in the classrooms. Not only does it aim to connect students to broadband but it also helps make the transition to digital learning. This initiative will focus on preparing teachers to use the technology not only to include it in the classrooms but to improve student learning.

Source: https://tech.ed.gov/connected/

Contributor: D. G.

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The Effectiveness of Learning Management Systems and Collaborative Tools in Web-Based Teaching of Programming Languages (2014)

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The Effectiveness of Learning Management Systems and Collaborative Tools in Web-Based Teaching of Programming Languages (2014)

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Brief Summary: This study and research took place in New Zealand at the Waikato Institute of Technology regarding distance education and the use of virtual classrooms. The goal of this research was to create an environment of distance learning for teaching programming languages in a virtual learning environment and to get the opinion of students and instructors on the differences and thoughts of distant virtual learning. The results, according to the survey, mostly preferred and enjoyed the idea and experience of distance learning. Researches such as these pathed way to the optimistic views of plenty of online learning environments such as Salman Khan’s Khan Academy.

Source: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1059024.pdf (Dilani S. P. Gedera)

Contributor: H. G.

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Widespread use of Learning Analytics (2014)

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Widespread use of Learning Analytics (2014)

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Brief Summary: An increased use of instructional technology as a method for gathering large amounts of data on learning becomes one driver of technology use in the classroom. This is seen as a way for instructors in the virtual environment to analyze engagement in their courses. Analytics are also used by institutions to measure students' literacy and math levels through tracking the use of various instructional technology tools by students.

Source: https://edtechbooks.org/lidtfoundations/twenty_years_of_edtech

Contributor: A.G.

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Emerging Research on Social Media Use in Education: A study of dissertations (January 2015)

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Emerging Research on Social Media Use in Education: A study of dissertations (January 2015)

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Brief Summary: This research paper discusses the wide academic and research interest in social media and discusses how to use them as instructional tools in contemporary educational settings. It discusses findings regarding dissertation focus and outcomes; essentially, the vast majority of participants in this study found that implementing social media for instructional purposes was looked at in a positive light. Overall, this study shows the possibility of combining something that was originally made for messaging and entertainment and was able to see its effectiveness in the education system once implemented and integrated correctly.

Source: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1056186.pdf (Chris Piotrowski)

Contributor: Hayden Nguyen

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Apple expands Everyone Can Code to bring more coding resources to teachers and students.         (November 2019)

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Apple expands Everyone Can Code to bring more coding resources to teachers and students.         (November 2019)

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Brief Summary:  After launching the Everyone Can Code initiative by Apple, a new curriculum has been introduced to introduce coding to further accessible coding to elementary and middle school students. This new curriculum will expand on current applications while providing a companion teacher guide that will support coding in classrooms.

Source: https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2019/11/apple-expands-everyone-can-code-to-bring-more-coding-resources-to-teachers-and-students/

Contributor: D. G.

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Schools shutdown amid coronavirus fears.    (March 2020)

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Schools shutdown amid coronavirus fears.    (March 2020)

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Brief Summary: The coronavirus has been spreading worldwide and now schools are needing to take drastic measures due to the concerns of health and safety. More specifically, California school districts have decided to suspend and shutdown schools for the time being to help reduce the spread of the coronavirus. In the last two decades California has not needed to disrupt education access. Now the question is on how to reduce the disruption on education access to students. Districts are taking action by helping schools shift into funding distance learning.

Source: https://calmatters.org/projects/schools-shut-down-in-massive-numbers-across-california-amid-coronavirus-fears/

Contributor: Diana Garcia

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Rise of the Zoom Classroom-Covid-19 Pandemic Forces K-12 and Higher Ed into the Online Learning Environment (March 2020)

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Rise of the Zoom Classroom-Covid-19 Pandemic Forces K-12 and Higher Ed into the Online Learning Environment (March 2020)

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Brief Summary: Informed by the rise of big data and learning experience designUse of the internet for distance learning has been increasing since 2010 and has been accelerated by the necessity of the pandemic. This includes the development of new instructional design models including synchronous online and in classroom teaching, driven by necessity, not by instructional ideals. Because the pandemic necessitated a fast and furious move to fully online platforms, more people started using technology to design instruction, including many classroom teachers, mixing and matching of existing products on the fly to get content to students. Additionally, synchronous platforms, such as Zoom, became a coveted tool for K-12 education.

Source: https://thebestschools.org/magazine/online-education-history/

Contributor: A.G.

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Problem Analysis and Focus of EdTech Hub’s Work Technology in Education in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (March 2021)

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Problem Analysis and Focus of EdTech Hub’s Work Technology in Education in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (March 2021)

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Brief Summary: This research is ongoing and takes the influence and supposed benefits of technology in education and places it in low and middle-income countries’ education systems. The theory is that it should vastly help and improve learning in these countries. Throughout the paper, it discusses research findings regarding the EdTech design and implementation showing that it does provide a better learning environment and shows an improvement in scores. The paper pinpoints its effectiveness due to EdTech Hubs being able to adapt to the needs of diverse learners and technology supporting teachers which overall strengthens the education system. However, the working theory and paper needs evidence; the paper ends with the “Seven Hub tools” which is an approach to building evidence and finalizing concrete findings.

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350287287_Problem_Analysis_and_Focus_of_EdTech_Hub's_Work_Technology_in_Education_in_Low-and_Middle-Income_Countries (Sara Hennessy & Katy Jordan from the University of Cambridge)

Contributor: H. G