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The Social Learning Theory has impacted Health and Social Care (HSC) by helping to understand and interpret behaviour. Albert Bandura's theory used research to show that children learn from the people and experiences in their lives, for example from their role models. Bandura conducted the 'bobo doll' experiment where adults firstly interacted with the doll in certain ways (exemplifying aggressive behaviours) then the children copied the behaviours when alone with the doll showing they learn from example. Therefore this theory has been useful in health and social care because practioners will be able to understand why certain service user's might act the way they do. If an adolescent was struggling with drug addiction, when exploring the family history someone may have had issues with drugs which could explain why their child does. This would be useful towards the progress of helping them as beforehand the reason behind behaviours need to be understood to make a successful positive change towards their health.

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Person-centred means personalised care for individuals, so they receive the correct treatment and support that is necessary for them. From the Humanistic Perspective, Carl Rogers created the person-centred approach/therapy which looks at three main core principles: Unconditional positive regard - allows the service user to be treated fairly and judgement free and offered support disregarding differing characteristics/traits. Empathy - allowed to be heard and understood. Congruence - there must be agreement between service user and practionier, and between service user and their ideal self, to improve physical or mental state, they must want to change.

Rogers has created the person centred care approach which has impacted health and social care. "Human beings have an innate tendency to develop themselves and often this can become distorted. Using the person-centred approach puts the client’s own perception central to the therapy." (Sage Publishing, 2022)

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Sage Publishing. (2022). Person Centred Therapy [online] Available from: https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/person-centred-therapy#:~:text=Person%2DCentred%20therapy%20is%20a,perception%20central%20to%20the%20therapy. [accessed 13.02.22]

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The Attachment Theory is an example of a theory that involves research and evidence towards health and social care practice. John Bowlby expanded on Konrad Lorenz' work on imprinting and created a concept called monotropy - where all babies are believed to need to attach themselves to a primary caregiver. This theory shows research and evidence as Bowlby  suggested in the first 24 hours of a new-borns life is when attachment is created. If the bond is constantly broken, there could be possible long term cognitive, social and emotional development difficulties, this was called maternal deprivation. Due to the research behind the discovery of maternal deprivation, in health and social care it can now be used to understand why babies are underdeveloped in certain aspects. There is evidence of what maternal deprivation can cause: reduced intelligence, increased aggression, delinquency, and depression. (McLeod, S. A. 2017)

As an example if a child is being analysed for their depressive tendencies, the practionier would learn about their attachment bonds.

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McLeod, S. A. (2017). Attachment Theory [online] Available from: https://www.simplypsychology.org/attachment.html [accessed 13.02.22]

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"A therapeutic relationship is defined as an interactive relationship with a patient and family that is caring, clear, boundaries, positive, and professional." (Science Direct, 2011)
Therapeutic relationships link to the psychodynamic perspective as Sigmund Freud looked at human behaviour could be explained through certain processes, such as the psychosexual stages where he believed personality was fixed at the age of five due to experiences had throughout childhood. The Psychodynamic perspective looks at the unconscious mind and how individuals are unaware of the drive behind their behaviours which links to therapeutic relationships because the therapist is able to connect with the service user and able to help find reasons behind their behaviours and offer support and guidance.

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Appropriate interventions is knowing the right time when to intervene when support is available and will be helpful. The Personal Construct Theory by George Kelly is relevant to appropriate inventions. In the theory it explains how everyone in the world lives through their own experience and therefore build their own constructs to certain ideas or people. Practioniers can create constructs involving the care of their service users and if the outcome is successful they are able to apply it to other situations. As an example when addressing sensitive topics a practionier might have a certain way in which they deliver the information to not upset the service user if they are in a vulnerable state, if that construct of delivering information is successful then they can apply it to other service users. Service user's personal constructs when explained to practioniers are also helpful as they can help understand where an issue might have formed, if a certain object makes them experience a negative feeling then they can work towards understanding the underlying emotions. (Cherry. K, 2020)

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Science Direct. (2011). Therapeutic Relationship [online] Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/therapeutic-relationship [accessed 13.02.22]

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Cherry. K. (2020).

Personal Construct Theory Overview [online] Available from:

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-personal-construct-theory-2795957 [accessed 13.02.22]

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Hans Selye has helped create awareness to help health and social care practice by his theory on the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) The theory identifies how the body reacts when an individual is in a state of stress. Selye outlined three stages: alarm, resistance and exhaustion. Having the stages outlined and described improved awareness as it was made aware of how the body reacts to stress, therefore allowing recognition if anyone was to show any signs. Therefore with awareness it would then be possible to react towards stress by stopping it from occurring by finding the underlying cause or find ways to support the individual from overstressing. (Edwards . R, 2021)

Awareness is important in health and social care because for example if you are aware of an issue, then you are able to resolve it or make it less severe so it does not leave as big of a negative impact to an individual. A person who was aware of a learning disability would benefit greater than someone undiagnosed, as they would be able to ask for support that would help them be able to achieve to their best ability, such as someone who is dyslexic could require different coloured paper so it is more accessible and easier for them to understand what is written.

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Edwards. R. (2021).

What Is General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)? [online] Available from:

https://www.verywellhealth.com/general-adaptation-syndrome-overview-5198270#:~:text=General%20adaptation%20syndrome%20(GAS)%20is,modern%20biological%20formulation%20of%20stress. [accessed 13.02.22]

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Coping strategies refer to strategies individuals might use to help deal with their negative feelings such as anger or stress. There are coping strategies that can be healthy and some harmful, for example inflicting pain on yourself is a coping mechanism some people might use as they feel as it helps them. B.F Skinner's work on Operant Conditioning links to coping strategies. "According to this principle, behaviour that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and behaviour followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated." ( Saul McLeod, 2018) This is relevant because it applies to coping strategies, individuals might use them because they feel as though it is helping them cope with their feelings and therefore will continue to use them, even if it is harmful.

Understanding coping strategies is important in health and social care because if a practionier is ignorant to how a service user might cope, it might put their mental state even lower as they don't feel understood. It is also important to be able to provide healthy coping mechanisms for service user's as it might help them more successfully, for example if they are stressed they could offer mediation as a way to calm down.

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McLeod. S. (2018).

What Is Operant Conditioning and How Does It Work? [online]. Available from:

https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html
[accessed 13.02.22]